When was Yuan Shi created? What is the content of the Yuan History?

There are many versions of the Yuan History, the earliest is the Hongwu carved book, the third year of Hongwu (1370) autumn and July "Yuan History" was completed, and the October has been "carved and written". In the early years of Jiajing, Nanjing Guozijian compiled and published 21 histories, of which the "History of the Yuan" used the old version of Hongwu, and the damaged pages were supplemented, and the general edition had Jiajing.

The eighth, ninth, and tenth year supplements are for the Southern Prison Edition. From the twenty-fourth year of Wanli (1596) to the thirty-fourth year (1606), Beijing Guozijian re-engraved the twenty-first history, and the "Yuan History" was also among them, which was the book of the Northern Prison.

In the fourth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1739), Wuyingdian re-engraved the "History of the Yuan" in imitation of the Beijian book, which was the palace book. In the forty-sixth year of Qianlong (1781), the translation of the three histories of Liao, Jin and Yuan was changed with fallacies, and the woodblock of the palace book was dug up and reprinted, commonly known as the forty-sixth year of Qianlong, which is one of the worst editions of the "History of the Yuan". In the fourth year of Daoguang (1824), further changes were made to the "History of the Yuan" and re-engraved for Daoguang.

Later, there were various reprinted editions, which were usually not taken by those who ruled the Yuan Dynasty.

In 1935, the Commercial Press photocopied and published 99 volumes of Hongwu and Nanjian together, which was the most recent to the original appearance of Hongwu in all popular books, and was used by Chinese and foreign scholars in the history of the Yuan Dynasty for more than 40 years, but there were errors in the description. In April 1976, Zhonghua Book Company published a school book, based on the Baishu book, proofreading the original books in the Beijing Library, the 144 volumes of the Hongwu book in the Peking University Library and other editions, and also absorbed the results of the predecessors' proofreading of the "Yuan History", and used a large number of original materials to correct the relevant historical texts, which is the best edition at present.

A chronicle of the history of the Yuan Dynasty. Song Lian (1310 1381) and Wang Yi (1322 1373) are the editors-in-chief. The 210 volumes, including 47 volumes of the Benji, 58 volumes of the Chronicles, 8 volumes of the Table, and 97 volumes of the Biography, describe the history from the rise of the Mongols to the establishment and fall of the Yuan Dynasty.

In the first year of Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty (1368), that is, the year of Yuan's death, Zhu Yuanzhang, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, ordered the compilation of the "History of the Yuan". In the second year, with Zuo Prime Minister Li Shanchang as the supervisor, Song Lian and Wang Yi as the president, and Zhao Xun and other 16 people as the compiler, it was compiled at the beginning of the Nanjing Tianjie Temple, and it took only 188 days to complete 159 volumes. Then he sent Ouyang You and others to Beiping to collect the historical materials of the Yuan Shun Dynasty, reopened the historical bureau in the third year of Hongwu, and summoned Zhu You and other 14 people to participate in the compilation and repair in addition to Zhao Xun, and it took 143 days to continue to complete 53 volumes.

Then the two books before and after were combined, and they were divided into two hundred and ten volumes according to the book, chronicles, tables, and columns. The entire compilation took only 331 days.

Due to the hasty completion of the book and the fact that there are many errors in the hands of many people, the History of the Yuan has always been criticized by scholars.

It is a chronicle of the rise and fall of the Yuan Dynasty, which was written in the early years of the Ming Dynasty. Edited by Song Lian and Wang Yi. The book consists of 210 volumes, including 47 volumes of the Chronicles, 58 volumes of the Chronicles, 8 volumes of the Table, and 97 volumes of the Liechuan Chronicles, which describes the history from the rise of the Mongols to the establishment and fall of the Yuan Dynasty.

The "New Yuan History" is based on the "Yuan History", and it is recompiled after considering the profits and losses. This is a huge history of the modern era. The book has 257 volumes, including 26 volumes of the Chronicles, 7 volumes of the Table, 70 volumes of the Chronicles, and 154 volumes of Biography.

The style of the New Yuan History basically follows the old history, but there are some changes. For example, a "Preface" is added before the present chronicle to describe the historical events before Genghis Khan, which is similar to the addition of a "century" before the main chapter of the "Golden History". Another example, at the end of this era, the son of Emperor Yuan Shun, "Zhaozong Ji", was added.

The content of the New Yuan History is more substantial than that of the Yuan History, and it supplements the Mongolian history before Yuan Shizu. When Ke Shaoxian revised the "New Yuan History", he used the "Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty" and the "Yuan History Translation Supplement". The base of "The Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty" is called "Busy Huolun Newcha is Red", Busy Huolun is Mongolia, Newcha is a secret, and Tobi Chiyan is the general book, which together is "The Secret History of Mongolia".

The original book was written in the Wu'er language, and during the reign of Yuan Renzong, it was translated into Mongolian by Chahan and hidden in the palace from outsiders. When Ming Taizu, translated into Chinese, the name is "The Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty", and the Qing Dynasty Qian Daxin compiled the content of this book from the "Yongle Canon", which is the only historical material of the early Mongolian history preserved in China.

Ke Shaoxian made use of the new results of Yuan history research in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It also absorbed Western materials and books on Yuan history, such as the "History of Mongolia" written by the Frenchman Dossan and other books, and conducted systematic research on Yuan history. On this basis, it took 30 years to compile the "History of the New Yuan" in 1920.

In the second year, Xu Shichang, a Beiyang warlord, ordered the "New Yuan History" to be included in the official history, and it was published in the world in 1922. In this way, the official history book "Twenty-four History" recognized by **** has become the "Twenty-five History" people. After the book "New Yuan History" was written, Tokyo Imperial University in Japan awarded Ke Shaoxian an honorary doctorate of literature for this book.

In addition to "History of the New Yuan Dynasty", Ke Shaotao also wrote "Research on the History of the New Yuan Dynasty" (Peking University lead print edition). It is said that the "Astronomical Chronicles", "Chronicles of the Times", "Confucianism", "Wenyuan Biography", "Biography of Chouren" and so on in the "Qing Historical Manuscript" were all compiled by him. In addition, he is the author of one volume of Supplement to the Biography of Gaikatu, six volumes of Supplement to the History of Translation (published by Peking University), and five volumes of Tateyuan Poems (published by Chung Hwa Book Company).

The unpublished ones include "Notes on the Thirteen Classics", "Notes on the Biography of the Spring and Autumn Valley Liang", "Notes on Erya", "Notes on Later Han Books", "Notes on the General Examination of Literature", "Collection of Tateyuan Anthology" and so on.

At that time, there were a large number of Chinese students studying in Japan, but very few received doctoral degrees. What's more, Ke Shaoxian did not study in Japan, but Hanlin of the Qing Dynasty went to Japan to study politics. In modern history, Ke Shaoxen is the only person who has obtained a doctorate degree in Japan with such qualifications, and the reason is because of a "New Yuan History".

At that time, Tokyo Imperial University in Japan had a "Doctoral Examination Committee". Depending on the different **, hire different experts to review. The censor of the "History of the New Yuan" was Dr. Wataru Gunuchi, a very prestigious historiographical authority at the Tokyo Imperial University at the time, who was a professor at the time.

The work is extremely careful and conscientious. One day, his student, Professor Takeshiro Kuraishi, went to see him and saw that the room was full of books, and his teacher was nervously checking the information. Say to him:

The value of this work is higher than that of a doctor; It is also possible to compare the differences between the original book and the old "Yuan History" one by one, and only know after checking, verifying, and evaluating them, so these tasks are quite troublesome. (To the effect.) One can imagine the rigor of the Tokyo Imperial University in Japan when it reviewed the "New Yuan History".

But after all, he passed the examination and obtained a degree. Subsequently, Japan set up the "General Committee for Oriental Cultural Undertakings", and because Ke Shaoxian was a doctor of literature from Tokyo Imperial University, he was appointed as the chairman of the committee.