What are the challenges facing China in catching up with and overtaking developed countries?

1. Domestic: all kinds of bad policies;

2. Abroad: all kinds of barriers;

1.There is a wealth of advanced science and technology available at its disposal.

The main source of economic growth in today's developed countries comes from technological progress, and the failure of technological progress mainly comes from the research and development of science and technology. The investment in scientific and technological research in the developed countries is enormous, and scientists and engineers and technicians have made one new discovery and invention after another, which have been rapidly transformed into productive forces, making them far ahead in the field of science and technology. With a lot of scientific and technological knowledge readily available, developing countries do not need to spend huge sums of money on research and development as latecomers.

As a result, developing countries can use the vast amount of resources saved for other economic activities and promote faster economic development.

2.There is additional knowledge and experience to draw on.

In addition to the advanced science and technology of developed countries can be used, there are other knowledge and experience that are also worth learning and learning from for post-developers, such as macroeconomic regulation and control, enterprise management, finance and insurance, fiscal taxation, social security, etc. This knowledge and experience is no less important to those who come after development than the introduction and use of science and technology.

3.Structural changes are conducive to the efficient allocation of resources.

Backward countries are less industrialized countries and tend to be characterized by a dual economy, i.e., an advanced industrial sector and a traditional agricultural sector, with the productivity of the advanced sector being higher than that of the traditional sector. Economic growth in these countries is generally accompanied by a shift in the industrial structure, i.e., the flow of labour and capital from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector, which means that resources are allocated from low-productivity to high-productivity sectors, thus contributing to productivity improvement and economic growth throughout the economy.

4.The world economy is more open today than ever.

The authors argue that the benefits to developing countries through the flow of commodities and factors far outweigh the losses, and that the development practice of the past few decades has proved that countries with more open policies have achieved greater success in economic development than countries with more closed policies. The international market has not only enabled backward countries to expand their sales markets, promoted the expansion of production scale and the improvement of production efficiency in Guochun Qiao, but also introduced foreign advanced technology, capital and scientific management methods.

Of course, these advantages of backward countries are only potential, and some conditions must be met in order to turn these potential advantages into actual advantages. First of all, there must be a stable political structure. Second, there must be a stable policy environment.

Third, it is necessary to create a good institutional environment. Finally, the provision of the necessary infrastructure.

Countries with relatively low economic and cultural levels need to make continuous efforts to improve their competitiveness and gradually narrow the gap with developed countries in all aspects if they want to achieve rapid development. Although the pace of development may sometimes be faster than that of developed countries, in general, these countries may face some difficulties and challenges in the process of development.

First, these countries may lack the necessary resources and technical support, especially in the field of high-tech industries. Developed countries usually have stronger R&D capabilities and innovation capabilities, and it is easier to attract foreign investment and talent.

Secondly, the political and social environment of these countries is also debilitating, which may affect economic and cultural development. Factors such as political stability, administrative efficiency, social morality and cultural quality will affect the speed and direction of its development.

Finally, the globalization of the economy and the uncertainty of international relations will also have an adverse impact on the development of these countries, such as international protectionism, financial risks, etc.

Therefore, although theoretically economically and culturally backward countries may quickly surpass developed countries, in reality it is necessary to find a development model that suits them, and to make painstaking efforts and bear possible difficulties and challenges.