At what temperature do potatoes sprout and why do potatoes sprout

Potato growth and development requires relatively cool climatic conditions, because it is native to the high mountains of the Andes in South America, with an average annual temperature of 5 degrees and 10 degrees, and a maximum average temperature of about 24 degrees. The mountainous areas of the southwest, northwest and some parts of the north of our country are close to the climatic conditions of the potato origin. However, after many years of artificial selection, there are different varieties of early, middle and late maturing varieties, which can be planted in a variety of climatic conditions.

But after all, potato plants and tubers have their natural properties in response to temperature, so it's important to be aware of these when growing potatoes.

1. The response of the plant to temperature.

When the sown potato tubers are sown at a depth of 10 cm below the ground and the soil temperature reaches 7 degrees to 8 degrees, the young shoots can grow, and at 10 to 20 degrees Celsius, the young shoots thrive and emerge quickly. Early-sown potatoes often encounter late frost after emergence, and seedlings are generally affected by chilling when the temperature drops to a degree. When the temperature drops to 2 degrees Celsius, the seedlings are damaged by frost, and some of the stems and leaves die and turn black, but after the temperature rises, new stems and leaves can be sent out from the nodes and continue to grow.

The most suitable temperature for plant growth is about 21 degrees, at a high temperature of 42 degrees, the stems and leaves stop growing, when the temperature is in, the stems are frost damaged, and the stems and leaves are all dead at 3 degrees. The optimum temperature for flowering is 15 to 17 degrees Celsius, and no flowering is expected below 5 degrees Celsius or above 38 degrees Celsius. When the flowering period reaches low temperatures, the flowers are damaged, and the flowers are killed at 1 degree.

Of course, depending on the cold resistance of the variety, there are also differences in the response to temperature. However, after understanding the relationship between potato plant growth and temperature, it is of great significance to strengthen field management and ensure high potato yield.

2. The response of the tuber to temperature.

The optimal temperature for the growth and development of potato tubers is 17 degrees to 19 degrees, and when the temperature is lower than 2 degrees and above 29 degrees, the tubers stop growing. In production practice, two kinds of abnormal tuber growth are often encountered.

The first phenomenon is that the young shoots on the fast stems of the sowing are turned into tubers, also known as stuffy potatoes or dream potatoes. This phenomenon is due to the poor storage conditions of tubers before sowing and the high cellar temperature. The cellar temperature is above 4 degrees, and germination begins after the dormant period of the tubers.

Some cellar temperature is above 10 degrees, the buds on the tuber grow very long, the tuber buds are removed and sown, the nutrients in the tuber are transferred to the young shoots when they encounter low temperatures, and the young shoots have no growth conditions, so the nutrients are stored to form a new small tuber. If the tubers do not germinate or only start to sprout and do not grow at the time of sowing, they will not grow normally until the temperature rises, so that the tubers will not be produced.

The second phenomenon is that the tuber stops growing when it encounters a long period of high temperature, and the soil temperature drops after watering and rainfall, and the tuber begins to grow again, that is, secondary growth. Under such conditions, some tubers resemble dumbbells, some resemble rosary, and a variety of deformities appear. Of course, this phenomenon has a lot to do with whether the variety is resistant to high temperatures.

When the soil temperature rises, the varieties that are sensitive to high temperature encounter drought and water shortage, and the secondary growth tubers are particularly numerous, while the varieties that are resistant to high temperature may not appear or rarely appear on the ground and turn into branches, which will seriously affect the yield or reduce the quality of the tubers. For such varieties, timely irrigation should be carried out to reduce soil temperature.

It turned out that sprouted potatoes could be eaten in this case, and not many people knew about it, so I told my family.

Reasons why potatoes sprout: Potatoes sprout because they have passed the dormant period and are starting to grow normally.

After harvesting, potatoes generally need to germinate after a period of time, and this period is called "dormant period", the length of the dormant period is closely related to potato varieties and storage conditions, some varieties have a dormant period of up to 4-5 months, and some varieties have a dormant period of only about 1 month, and even just harvest can germinate, which is determined by the genetic characteristics of potato varieties.

Ways to prevent potatoes from sprouting

1. Prepare a box, spread a layer of sand on the bottom of the box, and spread the sand flat. Then put the potatoes on them and store them in a cool place at home, so that the potatoes will not sprout for a year.

2. Put a half-ripe apple in the box of potatoes, because during the ripening process of apples, a gas called ethylene will be released, which can effectively prevent potatoes from germinating.

1. The sprout growth period, after the seed potato is sown, from the germination, it goes through the growth of the sprout and the formation of the root system, and the seedling is unearthed as the sprout growth period. This growth period is centered on root and bud growth, and the duration varies greatly, ranging from about a month for the short to several months for the elderly. The key to this crop measure is to mobilize the nutrients, water and endogenous hormones of seed potatoes to promote early germination, more roots, fast germination, and strong seedlings.

2. The seedling stage, from the seedling unearthed, goes through the root system development, the main stem seedling stage. Due to the abundance of nutrients and water in seed potatoes, a considerable number of roots and embryonic leaves are formed before emergence. After emergence, the root system continued to expand, the stems and leaves grew rapidly, and most varieties elongated the stolons 7-10 days after emergence, and the apex began to expand 5-10 days. At the same time, the first inflorescence at the top begins to give birth to flower buds, and lateral branches begin to occur.

The growth center of this stage is the growth of stems, leaves and tubers.

3. The tuber formation period starts from the tuber has a rudimentary shape, and goes through the capping leaves at the top of the aboveground stem, the first inflorescence begins to flower, and the top of the whole plant stolons begins to expand, until the maximum tuber diameter reaches 3-4 cm, and the weight of stem and leaf dry matter in the upper underground part of the tuber is balanced, which is the tuber formation stage. This period is the key period to determine the number of potatoes per plant, generally after about 30 days, agricultural measures to promote the growth of stems and leaves with water and fertilizer, quickly build a assimilation system, and at the same time tillage combined with soil cultivation to create conditions for stem expansion.

4. In the tuber growth period, starting from the rebalance of dry matter in the aboveground and underground parts, that is, entering the tuber growth period, the leaf area has reached the maximum value in this period, and the growth of stems and leaves gradually slows down and stops. The nutrients produced in the aboveground are continuously transported to the tuber, and the volume and weight of the tuber continue to increase, which is a critical period for determining the volume size of the tuber.

5. During the starch accumulation period, the stem and leaf begin to gradually senesce, and the volume and weight of the tuber continue to increase. The growth of this stage is characterized by the transport of carbohydrates, proteins and ash from the shoots to the tubers, and the daily weight gain of the tubers reaches the maximum. The accumulation of starch continues until all the stems and leaves die, and the crop measures are mainly to keep the roots, stems and leaves during the day to slow down the decay, accelerate the transfer of assimilates to the tuber to the maturity stage, and the harvest period is determined by the production purpose and the requirements in the rotation.

Generally, when the aboveground stems and leaves of the plant are yellow and the starch accumulation in the stem is sufficient, it is the mature harvest period.