What are the characteristics of folk art, what are the characteristics of folk art?

Characteristics and development of folk art.

"Folk crafts" are different from "aristocratic crafts", "mechanical crafts" and "modern crafts".

All kinds of popular traditional arts that are formed, developed and widely spread among the people, as well as techniques and artistic abilities with folk colors, belong to the category of folk art.

There are many kinds of folk art, and for the sake of space, the following is a discussion of several common folk arts.

1) Folk art.

Folk art is a plastic art created by the people, which can be divided into four categories: painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, and architectural art, just like general art.

There are many types of folk paintings, including cliff paintings, murals, ground paintings, silk paintings, lacquer paintings, brick paintings, stone paintings, prints, soldering iron paintings, stickers, mosaic paintings, ceramic paintings, etc., which are divided according to the materials of painting. According to the social role, it is divided into New Year paintings, idol paintings, comics, modern folk paintings, paper-cutting, etc. Here are the main ones to be introduced.

1. Cliff painting, which was produced in the Paleolithic Age, is painted with fingers dipped in color paint. The charcoal painting on the white ash ground in the house of the Neolithic period large building site in Dadiwan, Gansu Province, is considered by archaeological experts to be one of the earliest paintings in China, and it is more than 2,000 years earlier than the Warring States silk painting "Dragon and Phoenix Figures" unearthed from the tomb of Chen Jiada Mountain in Changsha, Hunan Province in 1949.

2. Lacquer painting, painting with natural lacquer as the main material. In addition to lacquer, there are gold, silver, lead, tin, eggshells, shells, stone chips, wood chips, etc. In addition to silver vermilion, there are also stone yellow, titanium white, titanium blue, titanium green and so on.

The techniques of lacquer painting are varied. According to its different techniques, lacquer painting can be divided into different varieties such as carved lacquer, stacked lacquer, carved lacquer, embedded lacquer, color painting, and grinding lacquer. Lacquer painting has the duality of painting and craftsmanship.

It is not only a work of art, but also a practical decoration closely related to people's lives, and has become a form of expression such as wall decorations, screens and murals. China is the country that produces and uses the most lacquer in the world, and lacquer painting has a long history. The vermilion lacquer bowl excavated in Hemudu, Yuyao, Zhejiang, has a history of 7,000 years.

The lacquer serpent unearthed in Changtaiguan in Xinyang reflects the theme of ancient mythology, and the lacquer paintings painted with the images of hunting music and dance and gods and monsters, dragons and snakes also have a history of more than 2,000 years. There are also famous lacquer paintings on the lacquer coffins of the Han Dynasty unearthed in Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan, lacquer screen paintings of Sima Jinlong's tomb in Datong, Shanxi, and a large number of screen lacquer paintings in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

3. Ancient prints mainly refer to woodcuts, but there are also a few copperplate engravings and color printing omissions. The unique knife flavor and wood flavor make it have an independent artistic value and status in the history of Chinese culture and art. The origin of printmaking is said in the Han Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Six Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty.

The earliest existing prints in our country, with a section engraved on the years, are world-famous.

Folk art is characterized by the unity of practical value and aesthetic value.

Folk art is distributed in various places, and rich categories and styles are formed due to differences in regions, customs, feelings, and temperaments. However, they all have the characteristics of unity of practical value and aesthetic value.

In addition, most of their production materials are ordinary wood, cloth, paper, bamboo, clay, but the production skills are superb, the idea is ingenious, good at bold imagination, exaggeration, and often people are familiar with the meaning of homophonic techniques, positive and optimistic, fresh and robust, simple and lively, expressing the vision and ideal of a better life, rich in romanticism, so that people have more festive feelings.

Specific types:

There are many varieties of folk art, and the purpose and use are different, such as plastic arts for enjoyment, and there are also practical handicrafts. In general, it can be divided into:

Painting. These include prints, New Year paintings, architectural paintings, murals, lantern paintings, fan paintings, etc.

Sculpture. There are colored sculptures (wonder colored sculptures, small clay figures), architectural stone carvings, metal casting carvings, wood carvings, brick carvings, face sculptures, glazed building ornaments, etc.

Toy. Including clay toys, ceramic toys, cloth toys, bamboo toys, iron toys, paper toys, wax toys, activity toys, etc.

Embroidery, dyeing and weaving. Including batik, calico, homespun cloth, brocade, embroidery, flower picking, flower patching, etc.

Trappings. Including national costumes, children's clothing, wedding dresses, embroidered purses, insoles, jewelry, velvet and silk flowers, etc.

Furniture utensils. Including daily pottery, daily porcelain, wood, bamboo, lacquerware, bronze and leather products, chariots and horse harnesses and other decorative and artistic value.

Drama equipment. Including puppets, shadow puppets, masks, flower party modeling, etc.

Decoupage. Including window flowers, ceremonial flowers, embroidery, embroidery patterns, hanging notes, etc.

Paper tied lamp paper. Including all kinds of lanterns, all kinds of paper ties.

Weave. Including straw weaving, bamboo weaving, wicker weaving, straw weaving, wheat straw weaving, brown weaving, paper weaving, etc. Foodstuff. Pastry molds, pastry molds, candy molding, etc.

Folk arts and crafts: Practical and concise, according to their aptitude: most of the folk art works are practical items in people's daily life, festival activities or sacrificial activities, with strong decoration, bold trade-offs, exaggerated and refined techniques in modeling, forming unique characteristics.

The materials used in folk art works are very ordinary, and they are very free in terms of manufacturing techniques, and they are often adapted to their aptitude. Simple, straightforward, casual and generous: the authors of folk art are the working people, who spontaneously follow their own intuition and interest in their production and labor, and freely imagine and play, so their works have a strong local flavor, simple and generous.

Warm exaggeration, symbolism: due to the practical requirements, most of the folk art has a strong mood, exaggerated shapes, contrasting tones, showing a strong decorative taste. Due to the domination of folk traditions, most of the folk art has profound meanings and symbols.

The forms of folk art performances include: carrying a sedan chair to marry a relative, stilts, lion dance, dragon dance, dry boat, Yangge, running donkey, two ghost wrestling, and big-headed dolls.

Folk Art: Toys: Clay Toys, Cloth Toys, Festival Toys, Lantern Toys, Cotton Plastic Toys.

Dyeing, weaving and embroidery: traditional embroidery, folk printing and dyeing, Chinese brocade.

Sculpture clay sculpture art dough sculpture art puppet art.

Cutting: Paper-cutting and paper cutting.

Shadow. Carving: jade carving, wood carving, stone carving, brick carving.

Painting: color painting, peasant painting, New Year painting.

Weaving: bamboo weaving lacquerware.

Tie paste: paper tie lanterns, kite performances.

Folk** Dance Opera.

Architectural decoration, masks, porcelain.

The top ten folk arts in China refer to the ten folk art forms that are widely spread and inherited in China, which are: Chinese folk music, Chinese folk dance, Chinese folk opera, Chinese folk art, Chinese Peking Opera, Chinese Ping Opera, Chinese Kunqu Opera, Chinese Shandong Bangzi, Chinese Huangmei Opera or Pi, and Chinese Sichuan Opera.

Among these ten forms of folk art, there are some common characteristics, such as:

1.A long history: Most folk art forms have a history of hundreds or thousands of years, and have undergone the tempering and precipitation of time and history.

2.Colorful: Each folk art form has its own unique form of expression and style, which is colorful and colorful.

4.Continuous inheritance: These folk art forms have their own professional inheritance systems, and there are special institutions and personnel engaged in inheritance and protection.

5.Integration with regional culture: Each folk art is rooted in its specific regional culture and blends with the local natural environment, religious beliefs and social habits.

To sum up, China's top ten folk arts have rich cultural connotations and artistic values, reflecting the rich and diverse cultural traditions and life forms of various regions of China.