What is the composition and state of petroleum?

Ingredients: Chemicals that make up petroleum and can be broken down by distillation. **As processed products, there are kerosene, benzene, gasoline, paraffin, asphalt, etc. Strictly speaking, petroleum is composed mainly of aliphatic hydrocarbons composed of hydrogen and carbon.

The four hydrocarbons with the smallest molecular weight are all coal gas.

CH4 (methane, methane) boiling point -107 C2H6 (ethane, ethane) boiling point -67 C3H8 (propane, propane) boiling point -43 C4H10 (butane, butane) boiling point.

Petroleum is mainly composed of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) elements, carbon accounts for 83 87, hydrogen accounts for 10 14, the ratio of the two is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen, generally between; Oil also contains oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, but their content generally does not exceed 1, and there are individual oil fields with sulfur content up to 3 4.

The above-mentioned elements are not in a free state in **, but exist in the form of different compounds, mostly hydrocarbon compounds, and a small amount of non-hydrocarbon compounds containing oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen.

In general, ** contains sulfur, paraffin, gum and asphaltene.

**Hydrocarbons that are solid when the number of carbon atoms in alkanes is about 15 42 are called waxes. **The percentage of wax in is called wax content.

Gum is a hydrocarbon with a large molecular weight, which has poor solubility and can only be dissolved in organic solvents such as petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, ether and carbon tetrachloride, and can be adsorbed by silica gel. Less dense petroleum generally contains gum4 5, while heavier petroleum gum content can reach 20 or higher. **The percentage of gum contained in it is called the gum content.

Asphaltene is a brittle substance dark brown to black, which is a polymer polycyclic organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and other elements, its molecular weight is many times larger than that of colloid, insoluble in petroleum ether or alcohol, soluble in benzene, chloroform and carbon disulfide, and can also be adsorbed by silica gel. **The percentage of asphaltenes contained in it is called asphaltene content.

The main components of LPG are: a mixture of carbon one to carbon four hydrocarbons. It can contain hydrogen, hydrocarbons or more than C5, and can also contain impurities such as sulfides.

Natural gas and oilfield gas are huge ** of gaseous hydrocarbons. Natural gas and oilfield gas are mainly composed of low-molecular-weight alkanes (mainly methane) and trace amounts of naphthenes. Some natural gas can also contain very small amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons.

In addition to this, natural gas also contains hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, carbon dioxide, and inert gases such as helium and neon.

Development prospects. With the development of the petrochemical industry, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has attracted more and more attention as a basic chemical raw material and a new fuel. In terms of chemical production, liquefied petroleum gas is separated to obtain ethylene, propylene, butylene, butadiene, etc., which can be used to produce synthetic plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers and produce pharmaceuticals, explosives, dyes and other products.

The use of liquefied petroleum gas as fuel, due to its high calorific value, no smoke, no carbon slag, easy to operate and use, has been widely used in people's life. In addition, LPG is also used to cut metals, for the baking of agricultural products and the roasting of industrial kilns, etc.

China's LPG industry is generally healthy, and its dependence on imported gas is gradually decreasing. The outlook for LNG and LPG in China is promising in the coming years, and LPG will be an energy product that China will have a long-term shortage of.

Due to the constraints of petroleum resources, the domestic LPG production in the same period is far from meeting this consumption demand, so the domestic LPG gap is expanding day by day, and LPG will have a huge market space.

The main components of petroleum are alkanes, naphthenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc., and it is a viscous, dark brown liquid. Petroleum is mainly used as fuel oil and gasoline, and is also a raw material for many chemical industry products such as solutions, fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics.

Oil is known as the "blood of industry", and there are oil reserves in parts of the upper crust, which is one of the main objects of geological exploration. Petroleum is mainly used as fuel oil and gasoline, and is also a raw material for many chemical industry products such as solutions, fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics. Petroleum is a non-renewable raw material.

1. Petroleum refers to a mixture of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons, which has a natural production state. Petroleum is divided into the forms of **, natural gas, natural gas liquid and natural tar, but it is customary to use "oil" as the definition of "original Huihuai early oil". Leaky Sparrow.

2. Petroleum is a viscous, dark brown liquid known as the "blood of industry". There are oil reserves in parts of the upper crust. The main ingredient is a mixture of various alkanes, naphthenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. It is one of the main objects of geological exploration.

The main components in petroleum: a mixture of alkanes, naphthenes, aromatic hydrocarbons.

The properties of petroleum vary depending on the place of origin, the density is , the viscosity range is very wide, the freezing point varies greatly (30 60 degrees Celsius), the boiling point range is from room temperature to more than 500 degrees Celsius, soluble in a variety of organic solvents, insoluble in water, but can form an emulsion with water. However, the composition and appearance of oil in different oil fields can be greatly differentiated.

Oil is mainly used as fuel oil and gasoline, which in 2012 constituted one of the most important secondary energy sources in the world. Petroleum is also a raw material for many chemical industry products such as solvents, fertilizers, pesticides and plastics.

The world's oceans cover an area of 100 million square kilometers, about twice the size of the land. The continental shelf and continental slope are about 55 million square kilometers, which is equivalent to the total area of terrestrial sedimentary basins. 1 4 percent of the proven oil resources and 45% of the final recoverable reserves on the planet are buried at the bottom of the sea.

The center of gravity of the world's proven oil reserves will gradually shift from land to sea.

The main components of petroleum are oily, colloidal, asphaltene, and carbonaceous. Petroleum is a viscous, dark brown liquid known as the "blood of industry." There are oil reserves in parts of the upper crust.

The main ingredient is a mixture of various alkanes, naphthenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

The former is widely accepted, believing that oil is formed by organisms in ancient oceans or lakes after a long period of evolution, which belongs to biological sedimentation to oil and is non-renewable. The latter believes that oil is generated from the carbon within the earth's crust itself, is biologically independent, and is renewable. Petroleum is mainly used as fuel oil and gasoline, and is also a raw material for many chemical industry products such as solutions, fertilizers, pesticides and plastics.

The color of petroleum ** is very rich, including very red, golden, dark green, black, maroon, and transparent; **The color is determined by the content of gum and asphaltene contained in the vertical itself, and the higher the content, the darker the color. Some wells in Chongqing Cucumber Mountain Xiaodai Bang and Dagang Oilfield in North China produce colorless oil, Karamay oil is brown to black, Daqing, Shengli and Yumen oil are black. Colorless oil is produced in California, Baku, Romania, and Sumatra, Indonesia.

The main components of petroleum are alkanes, naphthenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc., and it is a viscous, dark brown liquid.

Oil-hungry.

Petroleum is the main raw material for the production of gasoline and fuel oil, and of course it is also a non-renewable energy source, so we must use gasoline sparingly, and more than half of our country's gasoline is imported from abroad.

The oil is refined in the factory by distillation, gasoline is the first compound to be cooled by evaporation, and some of the water evaporates into steam, which after a while appears on the glass window. On the glass windows, the steam is cooled and turns into water and flows down.

Extraction of oil. Industrially, it is mainly used as a fuel for gasoline engines, and is also used in rubber, shoemaking, printing, tanning, painting, washing and dyeing and other industries, and can also be used as a cleaning agent for mechanical parts.