What are the common water quality indicators and what are the water quality testing indicators?

The indicators of water quality testing include but are not limited to the following categories:1Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): Indicates how much organic matter is present in water, usually expressed as dissolved oxygen (or redox potential).

2.The amount of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) added depends on the type and degree of water quality and is usually expressed in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).

3.Dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature: Dissolved oxygen (DO) indicates how much biodegradable organics are in the water, usually expressed in terms of dissolved oxygen (DO) or temperature.

Value: The pH value indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in the water and can be measured with a pH meter.

5.Heavy metals: Heavy metals refer to metals that may cause harm to human health, including mercury, lead, chromium, nickel, etc. Heavy metals are usually measured by atomic absorption spectrometry or atomic emission spectrometry.

6.Other indicators: In addition to the above indicators, there are some other indicators, such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, etc., which can be detected with these instruments.

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Environmental water quality testing includes surface water, groundwater, drinking water, landscape water, reclaimed water, wastewater, sewage, etc.

Water testing mainly includes the following items:

Chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, anionic surfactants, total number of bacteria, coliform bacteria, etc.

Water Testing Methods and Standards:

Chemical Oxygen Demand: Standard Test Methods: GB 11914-89;;

Biochemical Oxygen Demand: Internal Standard Standard: HJ 505-2009;;

Suspended solids: detection method standard: GB T 11901-89;

Ammonia nitrogen: detection method standard: HJ 537-2009;;

Total phosphorus: Detection method standard: GB 711893-89;;

Total Nitrogen: Detection Method Standard: HJ 636-2012;;

Anionic surfactant: Detection method standard: GB 7494-87;

There are many types of water quality monitoring indicators, which can be divided into four categories: physical monitoring indicators, chemical monitoring indicators, toxicological indicators and biological monitoring indicators according to their nature.

1. Physical monitoring indicators.

Physical monitoring indicators refer to the elements that do not involve chemical reactions and do not change the water sample after the parameter is determined. It includes sensory physical monitoring indicators and other physical water quality indicators.

Sensory physical monitoring refers to the indicators that can usually be directly observed by sensory organs such as eyes, nose, tongue, etc., and can also be tested with laboratory instruments, such as: water temperature, color, transparency, turbidity, smell, suspended matter, visible to the naked eye, etc.

Other physical water quality indicators include total solids, suspended solids, sinkable solids, conductivity, etc.

2. Chemical monitoring indicators.

Chemical monitoring indicators refer to the comprehensive indicators of the chemical composition and chemical action of impurities and pollutants in water bodies. It mainly includes general chemical water quality indicators and oxygen balance indicators.

Source high General chemical water quality indicators refer to pH, alkalinity, hardness, chloride ion, ammonium ion, nitrate ion, nitrite ion, potassium ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, sodium ion, total salt content, general organic substances, etc.

Spring this. Oxygen balance index is an important index in the evaluation of organic pollution in the water environment, including dissolved oxygen (DO), total oxygen consumption (TOD), chemical oxygen consumption (COD), biochemical oxygen consumption (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), etc.

3. Toxicological indicators.

Toxicological indicators refer to substances that can endanger human health, endanger aquatic organisms in the water body, or affect the biological treatment of sewage after reaching a certain concentration in sewage, and such toxic substances are the basis for evaluating water quality by toxicological indicators. The toxic substances here refer to various heavy metals, cyanide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, various pesticides, etc., such as: arsenic, selenium, mercury, cadmium, chromium, lead, silver, nitrate, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, DDT, hexahexah, etc.

4. Biological monitoring indicators.

Biological monitoring indicators are mainly for the monitoring of bacteria, viruses and other pathogens in water, which is an important monitoring index to avoid the outbreak of waterborne diseases, and the indicators mainly monitor the total number of colonies, total coliform bacteria, heat-resistant coliforms, free residual chlorine, etc.

The above is the relevant information about water quality testing, which is provided by the Baijian environmental testing platform.

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1. Chromaticity: Most people can detect the color of drinking water when it is greater than 15 degrees, and people feel disgusted when it is greater than 30 degrees. The standard stipulates that the color of drinking water should not exceed 15 degrees.

2. Turbidity: It is an expression of the optical properties of water samples, which is used to indicate the degree of clarity and turbidity of water, which is one of the most important indicators to measure the good degree of water quality, and is also an important basis for assessing the purification efficiency of water treatment equipment and evaluating the status of water treatment technology. The reduction of turbidity means that the biological content of organic matter, bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms in the water body is reduced, which can not only improve the disinfection and sterilization effect, but also help reduce the amount of halogenated organic matter.

3. Odor and taste: The production of water odor is mainly the presence of organic matter, which may be caused by the manifestation of increased biological activity or industrial pollution. A change in the normal odor of a public water supply can be a sign of a change in the quality of the raw water or inadequate water treatment.

4. Visible to the naked eye: mainly refers to particles or other suspended substances existing in water that can be observed with the naked eye.

5. Residual chlorine: Residual chlorine refers to the amount of chlorine remaining in the water after the water has been chlorinated and disinfected for a certain period of time. It has a continuous sterilization ability in the water to prevent the self-contamination of the water supply pipeline and ensure the water quality of the water supply limb stove hail.

Environmental water quality testing includes surface water, groundwater, drinking water, landscape water, reclaimed water, waste water, sewage, etc.

Water testing mainly includes the following items:

Chemical oxygen demand, lead biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, anionic surfactants, total number of bacteria, coliform bacteria, etc.

Water Testing Methods and Standards:

Chemical Oxygen Demand: Standard Test Methods: GB 11914-89;;

Biochemical Oxygen Demand: Internal Standard Standard: HJ 505-2009;;

Suspended solids: detection method standard: GB T 11901-89;

Ammonia nitrogen: detection method standard: HJ 537-2009;;

Total phosphorus: Detection method standard: GB 711893-89;;

Total Nitrogen: Detection Method Standard: HJ 636-2012;;

Anionic surfactant: Detection method standard: GB 7494-87;

The macro detection indicators of the main stove are: temperature, pH, COD, BOD, ORP, conductance, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, sludge concentration, chlorophyll, blue-green algae, uvcod, uvno3, cluster ion ammonia nitrogen, permeation transparency, residual chlorine, etc.

The water quality test index mainly depends on the type of water to be tested.

Generally speaking, most water quality can be divided into tap water, surface water, industrial sewage, domestic wastewater, medical wastewater, industrial boiler water, etc.

Each different water quality test has a corresponding national standard that clearly stipulates grinding.

Generally speaking, for tap water, it is necessary to detect residual chlorine, frequency, tooth closure, dissolved oxygen, TDS, etc., while for sewage, it is usually necessary to detect chemical oxygen demand, COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, biological oxygen demand, BOD5, Coliform coli, and total number of colonies.

1. CODCR: Chemical Oxygen Demand.

It is a chemical measurement of the amount of reducing substances in a water sample that needs to be oxidized.

Under certain conditions, the amount of oxidant consumed by oxidizing 1 liter of reducing substances in the water sample is taken as the index, and the number of milligrams of oxygen required per liter of water sample is converted into milligrams of oxygen per liter of water wax buried sample after all oxidation, which is expressed in mg l. It reflects the degree of contamination of the water with reducing substances.

2. BOD5: 5-day biological oxygen demand refers to the dissolved oxygen consumed by microorganisms to decompose certain oxidizable substances in a certain volume of water within a certain period of time, especially organic substances.

quantity. in milligrams, liters or percentages.

ppm representation. It is a comprehensive indicator of the amount of organic pollutants in the water. The higher the BOD, the more organic pollutants in the water, and the more serious the water pollution.

3. SS: suspended solids refer to solid substances suspended in water, including inorganic substances that are insoluble in water.

Organic matter and sediment, clay, microorganisms, etc. The suspended solids content in water is one of the indicators to measure the degree of water pollution. The higher the value, the more polluted the water is.

4. TN: Total nitrogen, which is the total amount of inorganic and organic nitrogen in various forms in water. Including inorganic nitrogen such as NO3-, NO2- and NH4+, proteins, and amino acids.

and organic nitrogen such as organic amines, calculated in milligrams of nitrogen per liter of water. It is often used to indicate the degree to which a body of water is contaminated with nutrients. The higher the value, the more polluted the water is.

5. TP: total phosphorus, the sum of phosphorus in inorganic and organic states in wastewater. It is one of the indicators to measure the degree of water pollution, and the higher the value, the higher the degree of water pollution.

6. TDS: total dissolved solids.

Refers to the total amount of dissolved components in water, including the total amount of various ions, molecules and compounds dissolved in water, but excluding suspended solids and dissolved gases. The higher the TDS value, the greater the impurity content in the water, the greater the impurity content in the water, and the more serious the water pollution.

1. Total solids: the total amount of solid matter remaining after evaporation and drying of water samples at a temperature of 103 105, also known as evaporation residues.

2. Suspended solids and dissolved solids: After the water sample is filtered, the residual solids after distillation of the filter sample retentate are called suspended solids. The amount of residual solids after the filtrate has been evaporated is called dissolved solids.

3. Volatile solids and immobilized solids. At a certain temperature (600 °C), the mass lost by the burning of the solid after evaporation and drying in the water sample is called the volatile solid: the mass of the residual material after burning is called the stationary solid.

4. PH value. In general, the pH value of natural water bodies is: Its determination can be determined by dipstick method, colorimetric method, and potentiometric method. Although the test strip method is simple, the error is large; The colorimetric method is carried out with different chromogenic agents, which is inconvenient; The potentiometric method uses a general acidity meter.

5. Hardness. The total hardness of water refers to the total concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in the water. These include carbonate hardness (that is, calcium and magnesium ions that can be precipitated in the form of carbonate by heating, so they are also called temporary hardness and non-carbonate hardness (that is, the part of calcium and magnesium ions that cannot be precipitated after heating, also known as permanent hardness).

The sum of carbonate hardness and non-carbonate hardness is called total hardness; The amount of calcium ions in water is called calcium hardness; The amount of magnesium ions in water is called magnesium hardness; When the total hardness of water is less than the total alkalinity, the difference between the two is called negative hardness.

6. Alkalinity. Alkalinity refers to all substances in water that can neutralize and react with strong acids, that is, the ability of water to accept protons, including various strong bases, weak bases, strong bases, weak salts, organic bases, etc.

COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand. English name of Token: Chemical Oxygen Demand.

COD refers to the chemical method of measuring the amount of reducing substances in a water sample that needs to be oxidized. The oxygen equivalent of substances (usually organics) that can be oxidized by strong oxidants in wastewater, wastewater treatment plant effluent, and contaminated water. It is an important and rapidly determined organic pollution parameter in the study of river pollution and the properties of industrial wastewater, as well as in the operation and management of wastewater treatment plants.

BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand. English name of Token: Biochemical Oxygen Demand.

BOD refers to biochemical oxygen demand or biochemical oxygen consumption (generally refers to five-day biochemical oxygen demand), which is a comprehensive index of the content of aerobic pollutants such as organic matter in water. The total amount of dissolved oxygen in the water is used to make organic matter inorganic or gasified due to the oxidative decomposition of organic matter in water due to the biochemical action of microorganisms.

ss: suspended solids. English name of Token: suspended solids.

SS refers to solid matter suspended in water, including inorganic matter, organic matter, sediment, clay, microorganisms, etc., which are insoluble in water. The suspended solids content in water is one of the indicators to measure the degree of water pollution.

tn: total nitrogen. Full name of Token: Total Nitrogen.

TN refers to the total amount of inorganic and organic nitrogen in various forms in water. This includes inorganic nitrogen such as NO3-, NO2- and NH4+ and organic nitrogen such as proteins, amino acids, and organic amines, calculated in milligrams of nitrogen per liter of water. It is often used to indicate the degree to which a body of water is contaminated with nutrients.

TP: total phosphorus amount. Full name of Token: total phosphorus.

TP refers to the results of the conversion of various forms of phosphorus into orthophosphate after digestion of a water sample, measured in milligrams of phosphorus per liter of water sample.

TDS: Total Dissolved Solids. Full name of Token: Total Dissloved Solids.

TDS, also known as total dissolved solids, is measured in milligram liters (mg L) and indicates how many milligrams of dissolved solids are dissolved in 1 liter of water. The higher the TDS value, the more dissolved matter the water contains. Total dissolved solids is the total amount of all solutes in water, including both inorganic and organic matter.