Three questions about blood circulation, the way of blood circulation?

Issue.

1. If you know (and should know in middle school) that the "blood vessels" of blood circulation include arteries, capillaries and veins, you should know that the transfer of all substances occurs in the capillary segment.

Issue. Second, the liver does not care about filtration. The kidneys are responsible for filtering out water-soluble metabolic waste products in the blood. On average, the blood of the whole body is filtered in the kidneys every 6 minutes, that is, 1 6 blood is filtered by the kidneys every minute.

Or understand that 1 6 of the liquid in the blood that circulates each time is filtered out.

Given your level of knowledge, you can symbolically illustrate the filtration process of the kidneys with figurative examples that you can understand.

Think of the kidney as a "leaky" tube that connects an artery to a vein. As the blood flows, a small amount of "water" leaks out of the tube to make up urine, and a large amount of "water" continues to flow to the veins.

That is, "each circle" filters a part.

Issue. 3. Blood circulation to all tissues and organs at any time ** oxygen and nutrients.

However, according to the needs of different tissues and organs, it can be interrupted and alternated under the neuro-humoral regulation mechanism**.

Eat three meals a day because you can't eat all the time in a day! From the process of biological evolution, it can also be known that it is not easy for lower animals to obtain food, and whenever there is an opportunity, animals will try to eat (save) as much as possible to ensure the energy expenditure when there is no food to obtain.

Therefore, in the long-term biological evolution, a mechanism has been established for the liver to store energy (hepatic glycogen), and the liver gradually releases hepatic glycogen into the blood to meet the body's metabolic needs during the inter-eating period (between meals).

There are two ways to break down starch --- glucose --- --- eat and enter the liver through the small intestine--- after eating.

1. 、-- directly into the blood through the liver --- meet the needs of the body at that time.

2. 、--When you eat a full meal), the excess glucose is synthesized into glycogen, which is stored--- liver releases glycogen into glucose into the blood (when not eating) - to meet the needs of the body.

Keep learning!

Think of a problem--- explore --- solve it.

Knowledge is endless!

Hello, your description of the situation blood will pass through the arterioles to the arterioles and finally exchange nutrients with the tissues, waste products have small veins collected into the large veins and flow back to the heart for recirculation.

The blood circulates in the liver and kidneys. The absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream by the body is not absorbed in a period of time. The follow-up work of eating is completed with gastrointestinal succession.

The systemic circulatory pathways are as follows:The blood from the left atrium enters the left ventricle, and the heart contraction pumps the blood from the left ventricle into the aorta, which transports the blood to the arteries at all levels and the capillaries of the whole body, and then enters the veins at all levels through the capillaries, and then merges into the superior and inferior vena cava, and finally into the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava.

The pulmonary circulatory pathways are as follows:Blood enters the right ventricle from the right atrium, enters the pulmonary artery through the right ventricle, enters the left and right pulmonary veins through the capillaries of the lungs, and then enters the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. The systemic circulation is arterial blood and the pulmonary circulation is venous blood.

The role of blood circulation.

The main significance of blood circulation is to ensure the body's metabolism.

The blood circulating in the human body can transport nutrients throughout the body and collect waste products from the body and remove them from the body. When blood flows out of the heart, it carries nutrients and oxygen throughout the body; When the blood flows back to the heart, it transports carbon dioxide and other waste products produced by the body to the excretory organs and excretes them from the body.

Blood also protects the body, and it produces a special protein called "antibody". Antibodies can adhere to microorganisms and prevent them from moving. As a result, other cells in the blood surround, engulf, and destroy these microorganisms.

The blood is also able to clot into lumps, helping to plug bleeding wounds and prevent large amounts of blood from being lost and microorganisms from entering.

The above content refers to the Encyclopedia - Pulmonary Circulation.

Encyclopedia - Body Circulation.

Systemic circulation: left ventricle (heart), aorta, arteries of all levels throughout the body, capillary network, veins, superior and inferior vena cava, right atrium (heart).

Pulmonary circulation: right atrium (heart), right ventricle, pulmonary artery, capillary network in the lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium (heart).

When the ventricles contract, bright red blood (arterial blood) containing more oxygen and nutrients is exported from the left ventricle, through the aorta and its branches at all levels, to the capillaries of all parts of the body, where the exchange of substances and gases in the tissues is carried out, and the blood becomes a slightly purple blood (venous blood) containing tissue metabolites and more carbon dioxide, and then through the veins at all levels, and finally flows into the superior and inferior vena cava and flows back to the right atrium. The blood circulation of the above path is called systemic circulation, also known as the macrocirculation. The main characteristic of the systemic circulation is that it travels a long distance and travels over a wide range, nourishing the whole body with arterial blood and transporting metabolites and carbon dioxide back to the heart.

Extended information: Blood flows in a circular direction through the heart and vascular system under the action of a heart pump. It includes systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation, and is connected to each other to form a complete circulatory system.

a) Pulmonary Circulation:

From the right ventricle, venous blood containing less oxygen and more carbon dioxide is passed through the pulmonary artery to the capillary network around the alveoli, where it exchanges gas with the alveoli, that is, the venous blood releases carbon dioxide (exhaled from the lungs), and at the same time absorbs oxygen from the alveoli through inhalation, so the dark red venous blood becomes bright red arterial blood (more oxygen, less carbon dioxide), through the pulmonary veins at all levels, and finally injected into the left atrium. The blood circulation in the above path is called the pulmonary circulation, also known as the small circulation. The pulmonary circulation is characterized by a short distance, passing only through the lungs, mainly to convert venous blood into oxygenated arterial blood.

b) Coronary circulation:

The coronary circulation is designed to provide the heart with the nutrients and oxygen it needs and to remove waste products. It is a circulation in which blood flows directly from the coronary arteries at the base of the aorta to the capillary network inside the myocardium, and finally flows back to the right atrium from the veins.

The flow of blood requires energy, which is mainly produced by the heartbeat, and the energy of the heartbeat is ultimately produced by the mitochondria in the cells, so the mitochondrial content in the cardiomyocyte is quite a lot. Mitochondria are the sites of energy production, and the activities inside mitochondria are mainly aerobic respiration.

Phase 2 and 3, aerobic respiration is divided into three phases:

The first stage, glucose dehydrogenation, which produces reducing hydrogen, pyruvate and a small amount of ATP, takes place in the cytoplasmic matrix.

Stage 2: Pyruvate continues to be dehydrogenated while water molecules are required to participate in the reaction to produce reducing hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and a small amount of ATP.

The third stage: the first two stages of the hydrogen and oxygen combined to form a type of bent water, this stage produces a large number of adenosine triphosphate, adenotriphosphate, it is mainly adenine and ribose combined into adenosine, adenosine through the 5th hydroxyl group in the ribose, combined with 3 connected phosphate groups to form, ATP when it plays a role to remove 1 phosphoric acid to form ADP, this process will release energy.

Blood circulation is divided into systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation.

Pulmonary circulation: right ventricle - pulmonary artery - capillary network in the lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium.

Systemic circulation: left atrium - aorta - capillary network throughout the body--- superior and inferior vena cava - right atrium.

Blood circulation route: left ventricle (arterial blood in this case) aorta arteries at all levels Capillary (material exchange) (becomes venous blood after substance exchange) Veins at all levels Superior and inferior vena cava Right atrium Right ventricle Pulmonary artery Pulmonary capillaries (material exchange) (Arterial blood after material exchange) Pulmonary veins Left atrium Finally, it returns to the left ventricle and starts a new cycle.

Among them, the period from the left ventricle to the right atrium is called blood circulation, and the beginning of the right ventricle to the left atrium is called blood circulation.

Discovery of blood circulation.

As early as more than 1800 years ago, the ancient Roman physician Galen (129 199) proposed that the flow of blood in the blood vessels rushed to the surroundings like a tide, and disappeared naturally after reaching the four corners of the body. Since Galen was the highest authority in the medical profession at the time, it was considered unquestionable.

It wasn't until the middle of the 16th century that doubts arose about it. Keep an eye on the dust chain.

At the beginning of the 17th century, the English physician Harvey (1578-1657) conducted such an experiment: after dissecting a snake, Kaisun dissected it, clamped the major artery with tweezers, and found that the blood vessels below the tweezers quickly deflated, while the blood vessels between the tweezers and the heart and the heart itself became more and more swollen and almost burst. Harvey quickly removed the tweezers, and the heart and arteries returned to normal.

Harvey then clamped the large vein, and found that the vein between the tweezers and the heart was immediately deflated, and at the same time, the heart became smaller and lighter in color. Harvey removed the tweezers again, and his heart and veins returned to normal.

Harvey pondered the results of the experiment and finally came to the conclusion that the blood in the heart must have entered the arteries after being pushed out; And the blood in the veins must flow back to the heart. The blood between the arteries and veins is connected, and the blood circulates continuously in the body.

Later, the Italian Marcello (marcello

Malpighi, 1628-1694) further validated Harvey's theory of blood circulation by observing the presence of capillaries with a microscope that connected arteries to veins.

Blood circulation is mainly the process of reciprocating blood circulation in blood vessels and within the heart under the impetus of the heart. The blood circulation is mainly divided into two processes, one is the systemic circulation, and the other is the pulmonary circulation, also known as the small circulation. For body type, it mainly shoots from the left ventricle through the main middle artery and arteriole arteriole of the main large artery, and then reaches the capillaries of the whole body, and then collects abroad, and finally flows into the right atrium of the body, which is called the large circulation, also called the systemic circulation.

Another type of circulation is to enter the lungs and collect blood and then circulate and then circulate called small circulation.

Systemic circulation begins in the left ventricle. Blood beats out of the left ventricle and flows through the aorta and several arterial branches derived from it, sending blood to the corresponding organs. The artery then branches several times, the diameter of the tube gradually narrows, the number of blood vessels gradually increases, and finally reaches the capillaries, where the intercellular fluid is exchanged with the tissue cells.

Oxygen and nutrients in the blood are absorbed by the tissues, and carbon dioxide and other metabolites in the tissues enter the bloodstream, turning arterial blood into venous blood. The veins gradually thicken and decrease in number until all the veins collect into the superior and inferior vena cava, from which blood returns to the right atrium and from the right atrium to the right ventricle, thus completing the systemic circulation.

Systemic circulation: left ventricle > aorta > systemic arterioles > systemic capillaries > systemic venules > superior and inferior vena cava > right atrium.

Human blood circulation is closed, and it is composed of two pathways: systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation. Blood ejects from the left ventricle and flows to the capillaries of the whole body through the active fat and its branches at all levels, where it exchanges substances with the interstitial fluid, supplies oxygen and nutrients to the tissue cells, transports carbon dioxide and metabolites, and turns arterial blood into venous blood; It then flows back to the right atrium through the confluence of the superior and inferior vena cava at all levels, and this cycle is the systemic circulation. Blood ejects from the right ventricle and flows through the pulmonary artery to the pulmonary capillaries, where it exchanges gas with alveolar air, absorbs oxygen and excretes carbon dioxide, and venous blood becomes arterial blood; It then flows back to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins, and this cycle is called the pulmonary circulation.

Split circulation and pulmonary circulation, the heart contracts, arterial blood is injected from the left ventricle into the aorta and into the systemic circulation, venous blood is injected from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery, enters the pulmonary circulation, and is converted to arterial blood through the pulmonary circulation and returns to the left atrium and then into the left ventricle.