What are the clinical manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis?

In the early stage of diabetic ketoacidosis, there are fatigue and weakness, weakness of limbs, extreme thirst, polydipsia and polyuria, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting when ketones appear, and sometimes abdominal pain, especially in children, and sometimes misdiagnosed as gastroenteritis and acute abdomen. Older patients with coronary heart disease may develop angina pectoris, and even die of myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure, or cardiogenic shock. When the ph is profound, the central nervous system is inhibited and fatigue, drowsiness, headache, body pain, confusion, and finally stupor.

Signs: due to dehydration, it can be seen that the mucous membranes are dry, the tongue and lips are cherry red and dry, the breathing is deep, there is a rotten apple smell (acetone smell), in severe cases, blood pressure drops, cold limbs, when the nervous system is involved, there is decreased muscle tone, sluggish reflexes, and even disappears, and finally coma. Body temperature is often elevated in response to various infections, but sometimes hypothermia may be due to peripheral vasodilation in acidosis.

In the above clinical manifestations, especially the "three more" aggravation, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting are the most important, when the above symptoms appear, blood glucose, urine glucose and urine ketone should be checked, if necessary, carbon dioxide binding capacity should be checked, in order to timely diagnose, timely **.

There are two parts, one is the symptoms of hyperosmolality, such as dizziness, even coma, oliguria or anuria, and the other is acidosis, hyperkalemia, and deep breathing.

Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis.

abrupt onset, decreased eating, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain; Rapid onset of dehydration and acidosis, ** dry mucous membranes, deep and long breathing, a ketones smell of destruction in the exhalation, a thin pulse, a drop in blood pressure; Mental atrophy such as lethargy, lethargy, and even coma.

Clinical manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosisBut anyone who has some common sense of life should know that the performance of different diseases on everyone's body is also different, if you want to carry out **, you need to understand in detail what the disease you are suffering from, otherwise, it is not easy to carry out **. However, because people do not know much about many diseases, they do not know what the clinical manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis are.

Clinical manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosisMany people may not have heard of this disease in their daily life, and they do not know how this disease will affect their body after it appears. Generally speaking, diabetic ketoacidosis can lead to dehydration, and if you stay in the air-conditioned room for a long time in the summer, you will experience dehydration symptoms. When you are dehydrated, you will find that your body is dry and your throat is painful.

Therefore, if you treat diabetic ketoacidosis**, the symptoms of dehydration will naturally be reduced. In addition, people with diabetic ketoacidosis will also have metabolic problems, and there is no problem with the metabolism of normal people, but if there is a problem with metabolism, health will definitely be seriously affected.

What are the clinical manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis, after the above introduction, we believe that it is very clear.

Answer]: B Analysis: The manifestation of diabetic ketoacidosis is an increase in blood sugar, which is generally strongly positive for urine glucose, and the urine ketone is positive (b).

The key to diabetic ketoacidosis is caused by factors such as sensibility, diet or unreasonable treatment, under the effect of which elements of diabetic patients, insulin will be very obviously insufficient, glucose-producing growth hormone will rise inappropriately, and diabetic ketoic acid will lead to pathological changes of hyperglycemia, ketonuria and its respiratoric acidosis. Diabetic ketoacid patients have a variety of symptoms, so let's introduce them to you below.

Patients will have worsening symptoms of diabetes and gastrointestinal symptoms, such as excessive urination and dry mouth, significant fatigue, and weight loss. With the further development of the disease, patients will also have nausea and vomiting, nausea and vomiting, poor appetite, and even the inability to drink and eat normally. Rarely, patients have an abundance of acute abdominal pain, accompanied by abdominal muscle anxiety and weakened bowel sounds, which can easily be mistaken for an acute abdomen.

Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis will have a faster heartbeat and symptoms of breathing, and some patients with ketoacidosis will have a keto odor similar to the smell of rotten apples in their breath.

Patients with mild, moderate and severe disease will have significant symptoms of dehydration, which is specifically due to the fact that hyperglycemia causes a lot of permeability to facilitate urination, so that a lot of sodium in the internal environment is excreted, and dehydration is aggravated by water solubility. If the dehydration reaches 5% of the standard body weight, it indicates that the patient will have dehydration, and the skin will be dry, lack of ductility, high intraocular pressure will decrease, and in more severe cases, circulatory failure, heart rate will increase, body temperature will drop, and even damage to life.

In the early stage, patients will have symptoms such as listlessness, headache, dizziness, restlessness, and always wanting to sleep, and will slowly progress to the state of drowsiness, and the reflex gymus will slowly subside, and it is likely that it will continue to enter syncope. The key to the impairment of consciousness is that the patient is more severely dehydrated, the osmotic pressure is increased, the oxygen is insufficient and other factors cause bad harm to the brain function.

The above is the clinical symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis, and patients can determine whether they have diabetic ketoacidic acid according to their physical condition. This condition is more serious, and the patient must follow the doctor's guidance to complete the treatment. In normal daily life, patients do not need to eat foods that are too high in sugar, and try to eat lightly.

Vomiting, significant fatigue, infection, weight loss, or acute abdominal pain, dehydration or shock may occur, and consciousness may be impaired.

There may be extreme irritability, extreme thirst, lack of urination, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and muscle tension.

Answer] :d analysis: The general principle of diabetic ketoacidosis is that patients with mild ketoacidosis should be encouraged to use adequate insulin to facilitate the decline of blood sugar and the elimination of ketones; Moderate and severe ketoacidosis is treated with low-dose pancreatic insulin**, correcting water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance as necessary.

Then, whether it is mild or moderate or severe, it is essential to first use insulin to reduce blood sugar and eliminate ketone bodies, relieve the patient's dehydration state as soon as possible, and quickly alleviate clinical symptoms, so choose D. Master the knowledge of "diabetes mellitus, screening and prevention".