Who wrote the book The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration ? Who is the author of the Com

The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration was written by Xu Guangqi in the Ming Dynasty.

Contents: The Encyclopedia of Agricultural Administration can be roughly divided into two parts: agricultural measures and agricultural technology. The former is the outline of the whole book, and the latter is the technical measures to achieve the outline.

Therefore, in the book, people can see some unusual content such as reclamation, water conservancy, famine relief, etc., which accounts for nearly half of the space, which is rare in other large agricultural books. Taking "Waste Administration" as an example, other large-scale agricultural books, such as "Hanshu · Shengzhi", "Northern Wei Wei", etc., occasionally talk about one or two crops for drought relief, and even at the end of the "Baigupu" of the Yuan "Agricultural Book" began to appear the theory of waste relief, but less than 2000 words, it is not as good as "Agricultural Administration".

Comments: Xu Guangqi believes that water conservancy is the foundation of agriculture, but without water there is no field. At that time, on the one hand, there were large areas of wasteland in the northwest, which were uninhabited and uncultivated; On the other hand, a large amount of grain needed by the capital and the army had to be transported from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which cost a staggering amount of money.

In order to solve this contradiction, he proposed to carry out reclamation in the north, which required the construction of water conservancy. The purpose of his reclamation experiment in Tianjin was to explore the feasibility of reversing the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in order to consolidate national defense and stabilize people's livelihoods. This is the starting point of the discussion of land reclamation and water conservancy in the "Complete Book of Agricultural Administration".

In a sense, this is the purpose of Xu Guangqi's writing of the Complete Book of Agricultural Administration.

About author:Xu Guangqi (1562-1633), a native of Shanghai, named Hu Xuan, known as Qiao Wending, Wanli Jinshi, Chongzhen Dynasty**, Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites, scholar of the University of Pavilion, and a cabinet squire. In 1603, he became a Catholic, with Paul as his Christian name.

I learned from Matteo Ricci about astronomy, calendar, mathematics, surveying and mapping, water conservancy and other Western science and technology, and devoted my life to the study of science and technology, and worked hard to write. I was an active promoter of the introduction and absorption of European science and technology, and made important contributions to the cultural exchange between China and the West in the 17th century.

The book of agricultural administration was written by Xu Guangqi, a scientist in the Ming Dynasty of China.

Xu Guangqi in the last years of the Ming Dynasty.

The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration was created by Xu Guangqi in the Ming Dynasty.

Written in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the Complete Book of Agricultural Administration basically covers all aspects of agricultural production and people's lives in the Ming Dynasty, and there is a basic idea running through it, that is, Xu Guangqi's "agricultural administration" thought of governing the country and the people. Implementing this idea is precisely what distinguishes the "Complete Book of Agricultural Administration" from other large-scale agricultural books.

Because the working people of ancient China accumulated thousands of years of farming experience, they left a wealth of agricultural works.

Status of the Encyclopedia of Agricultural Administration:

As an important academic research material, the Encyclopedia of Agricultural Administration is still of interest to European scholars. Dr. Joseph Needham, a well-known British historian of science, praised the book as "an outstanding masterpiece on agriculture" and included it in the monumental work "History of Science and Technology in China". In the second volume of "Biology and Biotechnology" in the History of Science and Technology in China, published in 1984, Volume 6, "Biology and Biotechnology".

For the first time, Professor Bai Fulan, a well-known British expert in the history of Chinese science and technology, introduced the "Complete Book of Agricultural Administration" in English, and analyzed in detail the process and value of its writing.

The Encyclopedia of Agricultural Administration was highly regarded and had an important impact in Europe. The famous German chemist Li Zairanbich praised: "Chinese agriculture is guided by experience and observation, maintaining soil fertility for a long time, so as to adapt to the growth of the population and continuously increase its yield, creating an unparalleled agricultural cultivation method." ”

Xu Guangqi. "The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration" was written by Xu Guangqi during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty.

According to the content, the book can be roughly divided into two parts: agricultural administration measures and agricultural technology, and there is a basic idea running through it, that is, Xu Guangqi's "agricultural administration" idea of governing the country and the people, which is the characteristic of the "Agricultural Administration" that is different from other large-scale agricultural books.

His "Complete Book of Agricultural Administration" not only compiled many agricultural scientific materials that had been handed down through the ages, but also recorded the new experience of agricultural production at that time and developed biological knowledge.

Book Introduction:

The book of agricultural administration is an important agricultural science masterpiece in the late Ming Dynasty of our country, is the most important scientific work of Xu Guangqi, he passed away this book by Chen Zi Zheng with Suilong and other collation and modification, published in 1639, the whole book of 60 volumes, 12 major items, more than 500,000 words, the book of "Agricultural Administration" a large number of ancient and contemporary documents in our country, citing more than 300 kinds of ancient works and documents.

The book "The Complete Book of Lada Zheng of the Agricultural Bank of China" describes the relevant information of sweet potatoes in detail, and is the earliest work in China to systematically introduce the planting method of sweet potatoes. The "Complete Book of Agricultural Administration" and the "Book of Victory" in the Han Dynasty, the "Qi Min Yaoshu" in the Later Wei Dynasty, the "Book of Agriculture" by Chen Cao in the Song Dynasty, and the "Book of Agriculture" by Wang Zhen in the Yuan Dynasty are collectively known as the Five Great Agricultural Books.

"The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration" was written by Xu Guangqi.

Xu Guangqi (1562-1633), the name Zixian, the name Xuanhu, Shanghainese, was born in the forty-first year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1562), died in the sixth year of Chongzhen (1633), an outstanding scientist in the late Ming Dynasty. Xu Guangqi's scientific achievements are manifold.

According to the content, the "Encyclopedia of Agricultural Administration" can be roughly divided into two parts: agricultural policy measures and agricultural technology. The former is the outline of the whole book, and the latter is the technical measures to achieve the program. Therefore, in the book, people can see some unusual contents such as reclamation, water conservancy, and waste administration, and they account for nearly half of the early rent, which is rarely seen in other large agricultural books.

In the category of "Waste Administration", other large-scale agricultural books, such as the Han Dynasty's "Book of Victory" and the Northern Wei Dynasty's "Qi Min Yaoshu", although they also occasionally talked about Hu Jian's demolition of one or two kinds of crops to prepare for the waste, and even at the end of the "Hundred Grains Book" in Yuan Wangzhen's "Book of Agriculture", the "Theory of Preparing for Waste" began to appear, but it was less than 2,000 words, which was not as good as the "Complete Book of Agricultural Administration".

Reasons for recommending "Agricultural Administration Quanshu Pants Jujube".

The leading idea of the "Complete Book of Agricultural Administration" is that "a rich country must be based on its own business", so he placed the three volumes of "Agricultural Affairs" before the whole book. Among them, "Allusions to History" cites classics to clarify the foundation of agriculture as a nation; "Miscellaneous Treatises of Families" cites the hundreds of schools of thought to prove that agriculture was important in ancient times; In addition, Feng Yingjing's "Examination of Heavy Agriculture in the National Dynasty" is also included, which is intended to be "heavy agriculture".

Xu Guangqi's idea of "agriculture-oriented" is not only in line with the past history of a large agricultural country, but also may not be useless in the present era. At present, agricultural issues and peasant issues are still important elements of national policymaking. From this point of view, Xu Guangqi's "agriculture-based" thinking is still reasonable and desirable to be applied to the present.

The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration was written by Xu Guangqi in the Ming Dynasty.

Contents: The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration can be roughly divided into two parts: agricultural policy measures, sources and agricultural technology. The former is the outline of the whole book, and the latter is the technical measures to achieve the program.

Therefore, in the book, people can see some unusual contents such as reclamation, water conservancy, and waste administration, and they occupy nearly half of the space, which is rare in other large agricultural books. In the category of "waste administration", other large-scale agricultural books, such as the Han Dynasty's "Book of Victory" and the Northern Wei Dynasty's "Qi Min Yaoshu", although they occasionally talk about one or two kinds of crops that prepare for famine, and even at the end of Yuan Wangzhen's "Book of Agriculture" "Hundred Grains Spectrum" began to appear "Theory of Preparing for Famine", but it is less than 2,000 words, which is not as good as "The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration".

Comment: Xu Guangqi believes that water conservancy is the foundation of agriculture, and there is no land if there is no water. At that time, on the one hand, there was a vast wasteland in the northwest that was abandoned and uncultivated; On the other hand, a large amount of grain needed by the Beijing division and the army had to be transported from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which was extremely expensive.

In order to resolve this contradiction, he proposed that reclamation should be carried out in the north, and that water conservancy should be needed for reclamation. The purpose of his reclamation experiment in Tianjin was to explore the feasibility of reversing the grain diversion from the south to the north, so as to consolidate national defense and stabilize the people's livelihood. This is precisely the starting point of the discussion of reclamation and the problem of water cracks and forests in the "Complete Book of Agricultural Administration", and in a sense, this is also the purpose of Xu Guangqi's "Complete Book of Agricultural Administration".

About author:Xu Guangqi (1562-1633), the character Zixian, the name Xuanhu, Zhen Wending, a native of Shanghai, Wanli Jinshi, an official to the Chongzhen Dynasty Rites Department Shangshu and Wenyuan Pavilion University Scholar, Cabinet Assistant. In 1603, he became a Catholic Church with the Christian name Paul.

He studied Western astronomy, calendar, mathematics, surveying and water conservancy under Matteo Ricci at an early age, devoted his life to the study of science and technology, wrote diligently, and was an active promoter of introducing and absorbing European science and technology, and made important contributions to the cultural exchanges between China and the West in the 17th century.

The Complete Book of Agricultural Administration was written by Xu Guangqi, a scientist in the Ming Dynasty. This book summarizes many agricultural production experiences and technologies of the ancient Chinese working people, and cites more than 300 ancient works and documents. The book talks about the influence of climate, geography, and superior varieties on agricultural production, introduces agricultural production technology, and expounds in detail the three agricultural measures of Niandong Tunxing Water Conservancy.

After Xu Guangqi's death, Xu Ji recommended this book to Emperor Chongzhen and Mengku, and was officially published in the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1639 AD).

Xu Guangqi of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty.