Analysis of the Summer Palace, a classical Chinese garden

Historical Context. The Summer Palace is the palace and garden of the Qing Dynasty emperors, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is the last garden built in the three mountains and five gardens, was built in 1750 and completed in 1764, with an area of 290 hectares and about three-quarters of the water surface. In 1860, Qingyi Garden was burned down by British and French forces.

In 1888, the Empress Dowager Cixi used 30 million taels to rebuild it in the name of raising naval funds, and renamed it the Summer Palace as a summer amusement ground. By 1900, the Summer Palace was destroyed by the "Eight-Nation Alliance" and many buildings were burned. Restored in 1903.

Later, during the warlord melee and the rule of the Kuomintang, it was destroyed again, and after 1949, it continued to allocate funds for repair, and on March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and was included in the "World Heritage List" in November 1998. On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.

2. Basic Overview.

The Summer PalaceThe Summer Palace is located in Haidian District, a suburb of northwest Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the urban area of Beijing. It is the use of Kunming Lake, Wanshou Mountain as the base site, with the scenery of Hangzhou West Lake.

Based on the design techniques and artistic conceptions of Jiangnan gardens, it is also the most well-preserved royal palace garden, covering an area of about 290 hectares.

The Summer Palace is the largest and most well-preserved royal garden in China, and is one of the four famous gardens in China (the other three are the summer resort in Chengde, the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, and the Lingering Garden in Suzhou).

It is known as the Royal Garden Museum.

3. The gardening techniques of the Summer Palace.

Water management project in the Summer Palace.

Water management: It is one of the four major gardening methods of Chinese classical gardens, which is based on the artistic summary of natural rivers, lakes and streams by ancient gardeners, and forms water bodies such as lakes and seas, ponds, streams, springs and other water bodies in the way of gathering or dividing, and embellishes mountains and rocks as revetments, rocks and harbors, showing the flat and vast water surface or the twists and turns of the water path.

Measures: Divert the water source, from the Yuquan landscape.

Dig large artificial lakes.

Build long ti and islands in the lake.

Excavation of an artificial river - Houxi River.

The stacking of mountains in the Summer Palace.

Stacked mountains: It is one of the four major gardening methods of Chinese classical gardens, which is the use of soil and stone by gardeners to create small-scale peaks, mountains, valleys, valleys, cliffs, cliffs and other images, constituting the mountain scenery in the garden, forming the mountain forest and wild interest of peaks and loops, and deep caves and ravines.

I've been to Beijing three times.,Give you a rough idea.,I hope it will help you.。。

The first time was a local tour group with a family and acquaintances giving ginseng. It's really cheap, but after arriving in Beijing, the itinerary is too busy and tiring, not to mention, most of the core attractions have not been there, and a few shopping stores have been added. I feel like it's been resold to another travel agency, and the quality is not guaranteed at all, and it's not fun anyway.

Although it is introduced by an acquaintance, it is still not recommended to sign up for a local group.

The second time was to play with a few classmates on my own. Plan your hotel, tickets, guides, and car in advance. The time and expense are too large, and it is easy to be pitted. Go to Gubei Water Town.

When I chartered a car, I also asked the master to give the pit, and I said that it was 80, but I was charged 140 when I arrived. It took more than 600 to eat a special roast duck in the Forbidden City.

I didn't buy a ticket, so I could only wander around, and the Forbidden City ticket had to be reserved, and it may not be possible to make an appointment, all kinds of queuing, finding the way, it was very troublesome, and a lot of time and money were wasted. If you play by yourself, be sure to make all the preparations in advance, otherwise it will be troublesome.

The third time was last year, and it was also the most satisfying and money-saving one. We booked our own air tickets and contacted the local tour guide Xiaoyun in advance, who arranged a 5-day itinerary for the whole process, so we didn't have to worry about it ourselves. It's also a good deal.

5 days for more than 1,000 yuan, including 4 nights of luxury hotels, as well as the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, and the Old Summer Palace.

Entrance fees to all attractions in the Summer Palace, all fares, insurance and so on. And Xiaoyun is a 24-hour butler service, really intimate, highly recommended (the whole trip down no self-pay no shopping to play very happy).

D1 day: Arrive in Beijing in the morning, 24-hour pick-up by housekeeper, check in to the hotel.

Since Xiaoyun arranged for us to live near Wangfujing, it is very convenient to go shopping in the downtown area in the afternoon.

At the intersection centered on Wangfujing, the four pedestrian streets in the east, west, north and south are full of shopping malls and snack streets.

I'm going to Nanluoguxiang.

And cigarette pouch diagonal street shopping is very convenient.

Day D2: Impression of Beijing (Tiananmen Square - Ascend Tiananmen Tower.

Visit the National Flag Squad Guard Training and Memorial Hall.

The Forbidden City, Shichahai, Temple of Heaven.

Eat royal dishes) d3 days: Olympic spirit (raising the national flag, Badaling Great Wall.

Olympic Park, Water Cube, Bird's Nest.

Day D4: Autumn dyeing forest (Summer Palace, Tsinghua University and Peking University exterior, "Enjoying the Red Leaves of Xiangshan", Check-in and Hepingmen Quanjude, Qianmen Pedestrian Street).

When we got back to Beijing, we didn't go straight back, but stayed in Beijing for an extra day because I hadn't had enough of the food here.

In fact, there are many interesting places in Beijing, such as Gubei Water Town, Xiangshan Park, Prince Gong's Mansion, Beijing Grand View Garden, and you can also go to the Ming Tombs when you have time.

If it weren't for the time, I would definitely have asked Xiaoyun to take me to Prince Gong's Mansion to play.

The next day, Xiaoyun arranged for the master to send us early in the morning, and before leaving, he specially sent the local old Beijing donkey rolling as a gift. In our Chengdu dialect, it's really ruthless.

The Summer Palace, a royal garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares, adjacent to the Old Summer Palace. It is a large-scale landscape garden built on Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain, based on Hangzhou West Lake, and absorbed the design techniques of Jiangnan garden, and is also the most intact royal palace garden, known as the "Royal Garden Museum", and is also a national key tourist attraction.

In the Summer Palace, an ancient royal garden, the garden architecture is rich and colorful, and there are more than 40 pavilions of various kinds. The shape and size of the pavilion are full of changes, and none of them are the same. From the plane shape of Huaihu absolutely beautiful, there are square, hexagonal, octagonal, rectangular, round, set square and half pavilion; From the perspective of three-dimensional modeling, there are single layers and double layers.

The roof form has a single eaves, heavy eaves, and a spire and a hilltop.

roll shed roof; In terms of materials, there are wooden structures and copper casts; The roofing materials include clear water tiles and glazed tiles.

They either stand on the hill, or cling to the side of the building, or sit on the side of the pool, or hidden among the flowers and trees, with their beautiful and exquisite, colorful images and other buildings, landscapes, plants, etc. in the garden, forming a vivid picture.

In classical Chinese gardens, whether it is the royal garden in the north, the private garden in the south of the Yangtze River and other styles of buildings, their colors are extremely distinct. The buildings of the Summer Palace are colorful and gorgeous. Glazed tiles, red columns, and colorful paintings show the atmosphere of the royal garden.

From the architectural development process of the Summer Palace, we can see that the garden concept with the aesthetic characteristics of ancient Chinese expressed in the garden of the Huangzi family is not only limited to the visual experience of shape and color and the psychological description of human conquest of nature in a general sense, but more importantly, it is the inevitable product of cultural development. Old Summer Palace.

The garden architecture is integrated with national cultural elements to form a unique charm.

The use of axes is one of the characteristics of the imperial gardens of the Qing Dynasty, such as the Old Summer Palace, the West Garden, and the Summer Resort.

All have local axes, but the axis of the Summer Palace is more obvious. However, their presence does not weaken the natural atmosphere of the garden, but brings about a change of order and rhythm, and more importantly, strengthens the echoing relationship between the buildings on the mountain and the scenic spots on the lake. The main building on the mountain wraps and covers the mountain, and the subordinate buildings are hidden in the mountain, forming a scenic spot for viewing the lake.

Similarly, if you look up the hill from the middle of the lake, you can see the undulating buildings.

The biggest feature of the Summer Palace is that it looks very stunning, and many of the designs are ingenious, which can highlight the ancient Chinese garden temperament.

The Summer Palace was the most gorgeous royal garden at that time, and the architectural style was the common blue bricks, red tiles, green trees and red walls in ancient China, and the room was also extremely luxurious.

The building is very luxurious, the environment is very beautiful, the area is very large, the preservation is very complete, it is a royal garden.

Summer Palace, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, was built in the fifteenth year of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1750 AD), which took 15 years to complete, and was the last one built in the famous "Three Mountains and Five Gardens" (Xiangshan Jingyi Garden, Yuquan Mountain Jingmingyuan, Wanshou Mountain Qingyi Garden, Yuanmingyuan and Changchun Garden) in Beijing. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860 AD), during the Second Opium War, the British and French forces burned the Old Summer Palace, which was also seriously damaged. In the twelfth year of Guangxu (1886 AD), it began to be rebuilt, and in the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1888 AD), Cixi embezzled the military funds of the navy (raising funds in the name of naval military expenses) to repair this garden, and renamed it "Summer Palace", which is the meaning of "Yiyang Taihe".

In the twenty-first year of Guangxu (1895 AD), the project ended. The Summer Palace became the most important center of political and diplomatic activities of the supreme ruler of the late Qing Dynasty outside the Forbidden City, and was an important witness to China's modern history and the place where many major historical events took place. In 1898, Emperor Guangxu met with Kang Youwei, a reformist thinker, at the Renshou Hall of the Summer Palace to inquire about the reform of the law; After the failure of the Wuxu reform, Guangxu was imprisoned in the Yulan Hall buried in Zheng Garden for a long time; In the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu (1900 AD), the Summer Palace was sacked by the Eight-Nation Alliance, and the following year, after Cixi returned to Beijing from Xi'an, she again used a huge amount of money to repair the garden.

In 1924, the Summer Palace was opened to the public.

The Summer Palace, an ancient imperial garden in Beijing, formerly known as Qinghu Liquid Huiyi Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares, adjacent to the Old Summer Palace. It is a large-scale landscape garden built on Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain, based on Hangzhou West Lake, and absorbed the design techniques of Jiangnan garden, and is also the most intact royal palace garden, known as the "Royal Garden Museum", and is also a national key tourist attraction.

The Summer Palace, a royal garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares, adjacent to the Old Summer Palace. It is a large-scale landscape garden built on Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain, based on Hangzhou West Lake, and absorbed the design techniques of Jiangnan gardens.

In the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750), Emperor Qianlong used 4.48 million taels to honor his mother, Empress Xiaosheng, and rebuilt it into Qingyi Garden here. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), Qingyi Garden was burned down by the British and French forces. In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), it was rebuilt and renamed the Summer Palace.

In the twenty-sixth year of Guangxu (1900), the Summer Palace was looted by the "Eight-Nation Alliance". During the warlord melee and the rule of the Kuomintang, it was broken and ruined.

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and in November 1998, it was included in the World Heritage List. In 2009, the Summer Palace was selected as the largest surviving royal garden in China by the China World Records Association.

Since January 1, 2019, the revenue from admission to the Summer Palace has been collected by the tax department.