How to use large water surface for tilapia farming?

Tilapia farming techniques include preparing ponds, rearing, selecting fry, temperature control and feed feeding.

1. Ponds

The area of the pond is 3-5 acres, and the bottom of the pond is flat. 10 days before stocking, the whole pond should be sprinkled with quicklime to clean the pond for disinfection. After 2-3 days, apply chicken manure, pig manure and other farm fertilizers per mu, and the water color will turn brown or oil green, and the fish fry can be put in.

2. Fish fry

Select the fry with good maturity and put them in the spawning pond in mid-March to strengthen the cultivation, and the spawning pond can choose the wintering pond. Generally, 6 fry per square metre of spawning ponds are stocked with males and females of 2 1 or 3 1.

3. Control the temperature

The growth temperature of tilapia is 22-32C, and the water temperature in the pond should be controlled above 23, depending on the water temperature, water quality and the growth of the fish.

4. Feed feed

Tilapia has a strong appetite, try to make all fish species eat in a balanced manner, and its feed includes rapeseed cake, bran cake, wheat bran, peanut cake, bean cake, etc., which is best mixed. Conditionally fed tilapia full price compound feed, twice a day.

The culture techniques of tilapia are:Before stocking, the pond should be cleaned and disinfected. Generally in the first half of April, 75 kg of quicklime per mu 100 kg of clear pond, 7 days later add water to a depth of 1 meter, and then apply 300 kg of decomposed manure per mu 400 kg, you can put a small amount of green or red weed.

Every spring, when the water temperature rises and stabilizes above 15, winter seedlings begin to be stocked. The main pond is generally stocked with 1500 and 3000 fish fingerlings per mu, and 40 and 70 silver carp and bighead carp are mixed at the same time to control water quality; When polyculture with other fish, 200 and 500 fish can be stocked per mu.

Tilapia can be fed 2 or 3 days after entering the culture surface. Tilapia has a wide range of diets, and under the conditions of artificial breeding, it can be fed with a variety of feeds, such as wheat, corn, cake meal, etc. The protein content in the feed should start at 32 35 and the daily feed amount should be 3 5 per day of the total body weight of the fish.

Tilapia habits

1. Miscellaneous food: Tilapia is an omnivorous fish based on plants. Most of the digestive tract contents of tilapia in ponds are organic detritus and other plant-based feeds (such as aquatic weeds, commercial feed, etc.), followed by phytoplankton, zooplankton and a small number of benthic animals.

2. Hypoxia resistance: tilapia has a strong ability to tolerate hypoxia, and the suffocation point is milligrams, and when the dissolved oxygen in the water is milligrams, tilapia can still live and reproduce. When dissolved oxygen in water is more than 3 mg liters, growth is not affected.

3. Not tolerant to low and high temperatures: The survival temperature range of tilapia is 15 35. When the water temperature is below 15, tilapia is dormant.

The maximum critical temperature of tilapia is about 40 41, the most suitable growth temperature is 28 32, and the breeding temperature of tilapia is above 20.

4. Strong reproduction: tilapia has early sexual maturity, short spawning cycle, oral incubation of juveniles, low requirements for reproduction, and natural reproduction in a large water area of still water. Tilapia reaches sexual maturity in 6 months and weighs about 200 grams.

<> Pond site selection: the pond site should be selected in a place with no pollution source, convenient drainage, good water quality and sufficient sunshine, the pond should be best for sand and mud substrate, the bottom of the pond should be flat and free of impurities, keep the water depth for it, and it needs to be equipped with an aerator. Water quality culture:

Keep the water temperature not lower than 18, add quicklime to disinfect the pond before stocking, and add a certain amount of fermented fertilizer to cultivate plankton. Feed management: mainly protein feed, supplemented by green feed.

1. Tilapia farming technology

1. Pond site selection.

The area around the pond should be kept with easy drainage, no pollution sources, sufficient sunlight and good water quality. The pond should be a sandy and muddy bottom, the bottom of the pond should be flat and free of impurities, the water depth should be maintained, and it should be equipped with an aerator.

2. Clean the fish pond.

7-10 days before the stocking of fish fingerlings, the fish pond water is dried, sprinkled with quicklime for disinfection, the amount of quicklime per mu is 150 catties, a certain amount of fermented fertilizer is added to cultivate plankton, and the inlet and outlet are blocked with mesh cloth or iron yarn. During the breeding process, the water temperature should not be lower than 18.

3. Stocking fingerlings.

When the water temperature rises above 18 in March-April, stocking begins. The pond is mainly stocked with tilapia, and 2000-3000 fingerlings of 2-3 inches are stocked per mu. In the pond polycultured with silver carp and grass carp, 1000-1500 Oni fish of the same size are stocked per mu.

4. Feed feed

The feed is mainly protein feed, and green feed is auxiliary feed. The crude protein content in the feed should exceed 25%, and the tilapia compound or wheat bran and oil can be fed once a day in the morning and afternoon. The daily feed rate is 7% of body weight before the fingerlings grow to half a tael, and it is changed to 5% after half a tael.

5. Harvest the adult fish.

After 100-120 days of feeding, adult fish can be harvested, more than 70% of the individuals can reach more than 1 city catty, and the commercial fish per mu should not be less than 800-1000 city catties.

2. Tilapia production

1. Under conventional farming, the average output of tilapia is about 1800-2000 catties, and the output is mainly related to personal breeding skills. Tilapia is a kind of tropical fish, is one of the world's aquaculture species, with fast growth, miscellaneous diet, strong adaptability, high male rate, less disease, good meat quality, high group yield, is one of the excellent aquaculture species recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

2. Tilapia is resistant to fertilizer, low oxygen, afraid of cold and not afraid of heat, and will be frostbitten when the water temperature is 12-13, and will gradually die when the water temperature drops below 12, so it is necessary to choose water quality and fertilizer, shelter from the wind and sun, and the side with high temperature to establish a breeding reservoir, and do not put it at the tuyere of the reservoir. Under normal circumstances, except for a few areas in southern China where tilapia can naturally overwinter, other areas need to take appropriate measures to help overwinter.

1.Breeding environment to breed tilapia to choose leeward to the sun, sufficient water source of fish pond fish pond, before the fish pond Qiliang water drained, the silt removal, repair the inner wall, make it smoother, and then inject lime water into the fish pond sterilization, 3 days after discharge, dry for a week after the injection of clean water. 2.

Put fish fry to breed tilapia to choose a leeward to the sun, sufficient water source of the fish pond, before the fish pond drained, the sludge is removed, repair the inner wall, make it smoother, and then after the answer to the fish pond into the lime water sterilization, 3 days later, dry the side cavity for a week after the injection of clean water. 3.Feeding management fry in the early stage, to provide them with high-protein feed, so that tilapia to take in enough nutrients, in the middle and late stage can provide grass-based feed, and to plant aquatic plants in the pond to improve the content of microorganisms, and to feed twice a day, respectively at 8-9 o'clock in the morning, 5-6 o'clock in the afternoon.

1. Environmental requirements: it is necessary to keep the breeding water clean and clear, not to change the water for a long time, the water must be changed regularly, the clarity of the water must be observed in practice, and the water should be changed if there is turbidity, and it is best to keep the water alive for aquaculture, so that the water will not be affected. When there is no oxygen in the water, the fish float or breathe close to the shore.

Be sure to equip yourself with aeration equipment to increase the oxygen in your water from time to time. The daily feeding food residues in the water should be salvaged, otherwise the water is easy to pollute, easy to breed bacteria, and diseases occur.

2. Feeding: If you simply feed feed, the cost is relatively high, so before stocking fish fry, you can fertilize, use some rotted fermented home staring old animal manure, so that you can fertilize the water quality, and some small organisms will breed in the water, which can provide underwater feed for fish. Sometimes you can feed the meat of snails and mussel shells to the fish.

Generally, the fish are not fed more than twice a day, and the amount of food is generally fed until the fish are no longer eating, so that the fish grow quickly.

3. Summer: Fertilization water quality should be mainly used in summer, at this time you can apply more fertilizer, the best water color is brown, but there is still to have 30 cm of visible transparency, holding can not see anything, about 200 pounds of fertilizer per acre, use according to the requirements. It is necessary to strengthen the pond and some protective facilities, such as barrage nets, to prevent floods from entering and damaging the facilities in summer.

At this time, it is the fastest growing period, to increase the feeding feed, pay attention to the feed nutrient ratio, and put more protein in the feed.

4. Winter: The main thing is to control the temperature, the local temperature of the water can not be lower than 15 degrees, lower than 15 degrees, the fish will not grow, and begin to dormant, so it is necessary to artificially provide insulation, generally add water, and the temperature at the bottom of the water depth can also be maintained, and it is best to breed in greenhouses, which can create a warm environment. The water temperature has increased quite a bit.

At this time, it is necessary to pay attention to less fertilization, decomposition is slower, and more planting, algae can prevent fish from hypoxia. The feeding should be kept normal, and the weight can be kept warm.