The detailed classification of Peking Opera characters, five categories of Peking Opera characters

1. Raw. The opera industry is famous. The name of sheng was originally seen in the southern opera of the Song Dynasty, and generally referred to the male protagonist in the play, which is equivalent to the "end" of the northern miscellaneous opera.

This name has been used by the opera industry throughout the ages, and the male characters who are considered "pure" and "ugly" in the opera are all classified as sheng xing, and sheng xing has become one of the main types of opera performances.

According to the character's year, personality, performance characteristics, external image, etc., it can be divided into "singing old students", "end", "outside", "long relying on martial arts", "small students", "martial arts students", "Ling Zisheng", "poor students" and so on.

2. Dan. The opera industry is famous. The name of Dan began in Song miscellaneous operas, that is, "pretending to be dan" in Song miscellaneous dramas.

In the miscellaneous dramas of the Yuan Dynasty, Danxing is divided into "Zhengdan", "Xiaodan", "Dandan" and so on. Among them, "Zhengdan" and "Zhengmo" are two main industries with equal emphasis, and Zhengdan plays the heroine in the play. After the Ming and Qing dynasties, Danxing generally referred to the profession of playing female roles on the stage.

According to the age, personality, identity, and performance characteristics of the characters. It can be divided into "Zhengdan" (i.e. "Tsing Yi"), Hua Dan", "Dao Ma Dan", "Wu Dan", "Lao Dan", "Cai Dan" and so on.

3. Net. Net is also known as "flower face". The opera industry is famous. The name of net originates from the "vice net" in Song Jinbei's miscellaneous dramas. Originally, he played a comedy role that was also gag and funny, but later generations gradually played a male role with a rough personality, a bold temperament, and a high image.

On the stage, with a broad and thick voice cavity and large-scale body movements, he portrays a rough and heroic character. Pay attention to the large frame and the face of the big face.

4. Ugly. The opera industry is famous. From Song and Yuan miscellaneous operas to modern times, all kinds of opera have this industry.

Because a small square of white powder is smeared on the bridge of the nose first, and then the face is outlined, it is commonly known as "small flower face" to distinguish it from "big flower face". It is also juxtaposed with the "big flower face" and "two flower face" in the net line, so it is also commonly known as the "three flower face", and on the stage, it specializes in acting funny and humorous language.

An ugly but not weird, very funny male character. Sometimes it also plays a treacherous character. Sinister, stingy and despicable tasks.

It is required that the language is crisp, the words are clear, and the work is redone and read in white. According to the character's character, age, and identity, ugly behavior is divided into two categories: "literary ugly" and "martial ugly".

The five major roles of Peking Opera are Sheng, Dan, Jing, End, and Ugly. Shengxing in Peking Opera is the profession that plays a male role, and its position in Peking Opera is very important. Shengxing includes several categories such as old students, small students, martial arts, red students, and baby students.

Except for Hongsheng and Hook-faced Wusheng, Shengxing is generally plain-faced, and the insider's term is called "handsome", that is, the appearance is clean and handsome.

Dan Xing: Peking Opera Dan Xing plays a variety of female characters of different ages, personalities, and identities. Dan line is divided into Zhengdan, Hua Dan, Hua Shan, Dao Ma Dan, Wu Dan, Lao Dan and other special lines.

Net line: net, also known as "flower face", "flower face". Mainly plays the role of male characters with outstanding characteristics in terms of personality, qualities or appearance.

Facial makeup outlines the face, and the singing uses wide and false tones, and the performance has a large range of movements to highlight his character, bearing and momentum. The net line is divided into three categories: positive net, vice net and wujing.

Last line: Abbreviated as "end". Most of the people in this industry are middle-aged and above. In fact, the end of the line specializes in introducing the drama to return to energy, such as the first appearance, which is called "the end" in the opposite sense.

Ugly line: The ugly line is to apply a piece of powder with white powder between the bridge of the nose and eye sockets. In contrast to the large flower face, it is commonly known as the small flower face.

There are also several different shapes of this white powder block, some are square, some are ingot-shaped or inverted ingot-shaped, called waist shape, and some are jujube core shapes, according to different characters, draw different shapes and sizes of white powder blocks.

Ugly lines are divided into Wen Chou (square scarf ugly, robe belt ugly, old ugly, tea clothes ugly, and also play Cai Dan, mother-in-law), Wu Chou (commonly known as open jump).

1, Li ShengsuHe was born on February 16, 1966 in Baixiang County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province. National first-class actor, Gong Qingyi, flower shirt. He is currently the head of the First Troupe of the National Peking Opera Company, which leads the leading role.

He is a member of the Chinese Dramatists Association and enjoys ***** special allowance.

2, Li Shaochun(November 4, 1919 - September 21, 1975), known as Bao Lan, formerly known as Li Hai, was born in Tianjin, his ancestral home is Bazhou, Hebei, a Peking Opera actor, a worker and a martial artist, an old student, and a veteran of civil and military affairs.

3, Ma Lianliang(February 28, 1901, December 16, 1966), born in Beijing, the name Wenru, Chinese Peking Opera actor, worker and old student, member of the China Democratic League. The representative repertoire includes "Borrowing the East Wind", "Ganlu Temple", "Qingfeng Pavilion", "** Shi", "Lost Space Chop" and so on.

4, Shang Xiaoyun(January 7, 1900 - April 19, 1976), formerly known as Shang Dequan, the word Qixia, was born in Beijing, his ancestral home is Nangong County, Hebei Province, Peking Opera actor, screenwriter, Gongdanjiao.

5, Mei Baojiu(March 29, 1934 - April 25, 2016), originally from Taizhou, Jiangsu, was born in Sinan Road, Shanghai, a Peking Opera actor and a national first-class actor. Mei Baojiu is the ninth child of Peking Opera master Mei Lanfang, the artistic successor of the Mei School, and the former head of the Mei Lanfang Peking Opera Troupe of the Beijing Peking Opera Company.

Peking Opera is also known as role, which can be mainly divided into five major industries: Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mo and Chou. But the end was integrated into life and became one of the four major trades. Among them, the main roles are played by Zhengmo and Zhengdan.

At that time (the era of Yuan Miscellaneous Opera), the division of these trades (roles) was not as scientific and detailed as it is now, and the meaning and expression of various trades were also very different from those on the modern stage.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, when Kunqu Opera was prevalent, the division of the line became more and more detailed and accurate, and it has been divided into 12 kinds of roles (Xingdang), which are known as the twelve roles of the rivers and lakes: Lao Sheng, Zhengsheng (equivalent to Xiaosheng), Laowai, Mo, Zhengdan, Xiaodan (equivalent to Boudoir Dan), Tiedan, Lao Dan, Damian (equivalent to net), Ermian (equivalent to vice-net), Sanmian (equivalent to ugly), and miscellaneous.

Introduction to the net line: referred to as "net", also known as the flower face. The net angle refers to the flower-faced character of the face painting color picture, which does not seem to be clean, so it means "clean" on the contrary. Net rows are divided into the following roles:

Singing-based copper hammer face and blackhead face; The shelves are mainly used for the work frame, such as generals, monks, green forest heroes, martial arts faces and beating faces.

The copper hammer flower face is called Zhengjing, the shelf flower face is called vice jing, the martial arts flower face is called Wujing, and the face of Wu Erhua is red and clean, and they all have different characteristics in the performance style. If Bao Zheng is pure.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Peking Opera Industry.

Now it is said that there is no end line, and the end line is called two old students in the past drama troupe, which is generally full and not three, and now it is classified as a living line, and there are also industries that do not enter the stream, such as tiger shape, dragon set, etc., in the past, the old opera troupe was called popular.

Raw, Dan, pure, ugly.

The characters on the stage of Peking Opera do not appear according to the original appearance of people in life, but according to the gender, personality, age, occupation and social status of the characters played, and some artistic exaggerations are added in makeup and costumes, so that the characters on the stage are divided into four types: sheng, dan, pure and ugly. The special noun for these four types in Peking Opera is called "Xingdang".

1. In addition to the flower face and harlequin, the general term for male positive roles, divided into old students (also divided into re-sung Angong old students, redone decay old students, heavy martial arts rely on old students), martial arts (long by martial arts, short martial arts and should be work monkey play), Xiaosheng (divided into fan sheng, pheasant tail sheng, poor sheng, Wu Xiaosheng), red sheng, doll sheng.

2. The general term for the positive roles of women is divided into Tsing Yi (Zhengdan), Hua Dan, Boudoir Dan, Dao Ma Dan, Wu Dan, and Cai Dan.

3. Commonly known as flower face, most of them play male characters with some peculiarities in personality, quality or appearance, with makeup and face, loud timbre and rough style. "Net" is divided into a big flower face based on singing skills, divided into Zhengjing (heavy singing skills, called copper hammers, black heads), shelf flowers (heavy industry frames), Wu Erhua, beating flowers, oil flowers (one called Mao Jing).

4, ugly plays a comedy role, because he smeared a small piece of white powder on the bridge of his nose, commonly known as a small flower face. Fen Wen Chou (divided into square scarf ugly, robe belt ugly, old ugly, Rong Yi ugly, and also played Cai Dan, mother-in-law), Wu Chou (also known as opening jump) and so on.

Raw, Dan, pure, ugly.

In the early days, it was divided into seven elements: Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mo, Chou, Wuxing, and Popular (Dragon Set), and later it was classified into four major lines: Sheng, Dan, Jing, and Chou, and there was a detailed further division of labor within each line. "Sheng" is a general term for male characters other than big flower faces and harlequins, and is divided into old students (Xu Sheng), small students, martial arts students, and doll students. "Dan" is a general term for female characters, and it is internally divided into Zhengdan, Huadan, Boudoir Dan, Wudan, Lao Dan, and Cai Dan (揺丹) Dao Ma Dan.

"Net", commonly known as flower face, is mostly played as a male character with some peculiarities in personality, quality or appearance, with makeup and face, loud timbre and rough style. "Net" is divided into big flower faces that are mainly singing, such as Bao Zheng; The workmanship-based two-flower face, such as Cao Cao. "Ugly", playing a comedy role, because he smeared a small piece of white powder on the bridge of his nose, commonly known as a small flower face.