What is the development of engine electronic control technology? Briefly describe the advantages of

New energy vehicles refer to the use of unconventional vehicle fuel as the power (or the use of conventional vehicle fuel, the use of new on-board power units), the integration of vehicle power control and drive advanced technology, the formation of advanced technical principles, with new technologies, new structure of the car. The main difference is from the internal combustion engine vehicles fueled by gasoline and diesel fuel.

New energy vehicles include pure electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, hydrogen-powered vehicles, and other new energy vehicles.

The following is an introduction to several mainstream types of new energy vehicles in the market:

1. New energy includes hybrid vehicles: hybrid vehicles that use fuel and electricity as driving raw materials. At present, major brands basically have such models, such as: Mercedes-Benz S400, BMW 5 Series, etc., these hybrid vehicles will be marked with the word hybrid.

2. Pure electric vehicle: This car is completely detached from fuel and completely relies on electricity as the driving raw material for hybrid.

3. Fuel cell vehicle: This car is also a battery car, which is a hydrogen-oxygen hybrid fuel cell, you can quickly fill the battery fuel without waiting for charging.

4. Hydrogen-powered vehicles: This car is also completely detached from fuel and uses hydrogen energy to replace fuel.

There are other new energy vehicles, such as: dual-fuel vehicles, natural gas vehicles, etc.

The development of automotive electronics technology began in the 60s of the 20th century and is divided into three stages:

The first stage, from the mid-60s to the mid-70s of the 20th century, was mainly a technical transformation of automotive products to improve some of the performance, such as the installation of transistor radios in cars.

In the second stage, from the late 70s to the mid-90s of the 20th century, in order to solve the three major problems of safety, pollution and energy saving, an electronically controlled gasoline injection system, an electronically controlled anti-skid braking device and an electronically controlled ignition system were developed.

In the third stage, after the mid-90s of the 20th century, electronic technology was widely used in chassis, body, and automotive diesel engines.

At present, the commonly used electronic control systems on the engine are:

Electronically controlled fuel injection system, electronically controlled ignition system, idle control system, emission control system, booster control system, warning system, self-diagnosis and alarm system, fail-safe system and emergency backup system.

The advantages of the engine electronic control technology are as follows:

1. Provide greater freedom of control; The electronically controlled fuel injection system can carry out optimal comprehensive control of fuel injection parameters (such as fuel injection volume, fuel injection timing, fuel injection pressure, fuel injection rate, etc.) according to different operating conditions. And the influence of various factors on the performance of diesel engine can be considered;

2. The control function is complete, the control accuracy is high, the dynamic response is fast, and the solenoid valve is used to control the amount of fuel injection, which can be very accurate;

3. The control accuracy of fuel injection timing is higher, which can improve the engine power, economy and emission performance;

4. Provide fault diagnosis function to improve reliability;

5. The transmission efficiency of continuous work is the highest under the economic speed, so as to achieve the purpose of fuel saving;

6. The smoothest gearbox type, power transmission breakpoint;

Disadvantages of engine electronic control technology

1. The life of the transmission belt is relatively short and the maintenance cost is high;

2. The power bearing is limited, and it cannot be applied to high-power engines, nor should it be over-modified or driven at high speed.

3. Because the transmission mechanism is not as rigidly connected as the gear combination, the slippage of the metal chain belt is the inferior root of its genes, which directly leads to the lack of its "transmission capacity".

1.Provides greater freedom of control.

The electronically controlled fuel injection system can carry out optimal comprehensive control of fuel injection parameters (such as fuel injection volume, fuel injection timing, fuel injection pressure, fuel injection rate, etc.) according to different operating conditions. And the impact of various factors on engine performance can be considered.

2.The control function is complete.

3.The control accuracy is high and the dynamic response is fast.

The solenoid valve is used to control the amount of fuel injection, which can be very accurate; The control accuracy of the injection timing is high.

4.It can improve the engine dynamics, economy and emission performance.

5.Fault diagnostics are available to improve reliability.

Computerized oil control, uniform, fuel saving.

The biggest difference between an electronically controlled engine and a carburetor engine is the fuel supply system. The fuel supply system of the electronically controlled engine has eliminated the carburetor, but a number of electronic automatic control devices have been added. These include many sensors, actuators, and ECUs.

Electronically controlled engines have to do not only what carburetors do, but also what carburetors can't do. For example, the specific concentration of air-fuel in a combustible mixture can be controlled within the required range. The oil circuit and circuit of the carburetor engine are very clearly divided and do not affect each other much.

The electronically controlled engine fuel supply system increases the electronic control part, which makes the oil circuit and circuit interconnected, which not only affects the work of the engine fuel system, but also affects the normal operation of the engine. Due to the increase in electronic control devices for electronically controlled engines, this makes the entire structure of the engine, including the electronic control system, more complex.

Quick navigation. Structural composition.

How it works. Parameters to be measured.

Merit basic idea.

In the initial stage, the function of the system is realized by replacing the mechanical control technology with electronic technology, and its function is expanded, so that the performance is greatly improved; After the development to a certain extent, electronic technology can promote the essential change of the system principle, so that the limitations can be broken through, so that the engine performance can be greatly improved.

Electronically controlled engine.

Structural composition. Electronic control unit.

The electronic control unit (ECU) is the heart of the engine's electronic control system. It completes the collection of various parameters of the engine, the control of fuel injection volume and fuel injection timing, and determines the function of the entire electronic control system.

The sensor sensor transmits the information of the engine operating conditions and environment to the ECU in real time and realistically through various signals.

In other words, what the ECU learns is just an engine made up of many signals. Therefore, the accuracy, reproducibility and immediacy of sensor information directly determine the quality of control.

The various control functions to be completed by the actuator electronic control system are realized by various actuators.

In the control process, the actuator converts the control signal from the ECU into a certain mechanical motion or electrical movement, thereby causing the change of engine operating parameters and completing the control function.

How it works. The engine speed and load are used as the basic signals reflecting the actual working conditions of the engine, and the basic fuel injection amount and fuel injection timing are determined with reference to the fuel injection amount and fuel injection timing spectrum corresponding to each working condition of the engine obtained by the test, and then various compensation is made according to various factors (such as water temperature, oil temperature, atmospheric pressure, etc.), so as to obtain the best fuel injection amount and fuel injection timing or ignition timing, and then control the output through the actuator.

The development of electronically controlled gasoline injection systems.

Electronically controlled fuel injection technology was first used in aircraft engines, and it was only after the end of World War II that fuel injection technology was gradually applied to automobile engines. In 1952, the mechanical gasoline injection technology used in German aircraft in World War II was applied to cars, and the first mechanical gasoline injection device produced by the German company Bosch was installed in the German Daimler-Benz 300L racing car.

In 1953, the American company Bendix began to develop an electronically controlled gasoline injection (EFI) device, and in 1957, the company's electronically controlled gasoline injection system was introduced and installed for the first time in Chrysler luxury cars and racing cars. But before the 60s of the 20th century, most of the vehicle gasoline injection devices use mechanical injection pumps, and their structure and principle are very similar to diesel engine fuel injection pumps, and the control function is realized with the help of mechanical devices, the structure is complex, expensive, and mostly used in luxury cars and racing cars. After the 60s of the 20th century, due to the rapid development of electronic technology and the influence of emission regulations, the electronic control gasoline injection (EFI) technology has been further developed.

In 1967, Bosch successfully developed the K-Jetronic mechanical gasoline injection system, and then successfully developed the Ke-Jetronic electromechanical gasoline injection system with an electronic control system, which further developed the technology In 1967, the German Bosch company took the lead in developing a set of D-Jetronic all-electronic gasoline injection system and applied it to automobiles, which was mass-produced for the first time in the 70s of the 20th century. At that time, it was the first to meet the requirements of the California State exhaust emission regulations, ushering in a new era of electronic control of gasoline injection systems. Later, the L-type electronically controlled gasoline injection system was further developed into the LH-JETRONIC system, which can accurately measure the intake air quality, compensate for atmospheric pressure, and reduce the effects of temperature changes, and further reduce the intake resistance, resulting in faster response and better performance. In 1979, the German company Bosch began to produce the motronic digital engine integrated control system, which integrates electronic ignition and electronically controlled gasoline injection, which can comprehensively control the air-fuel ratio, ignition time, idle speed and exhaust gas recirculation.

The electronically controlled gasoline injection technology is becoming more and more perfect, and the performance is superior, so that the electronically controlled gasoline injection device has been developing rapidly since the end of the 70s of the 20th century.

The first stage of development: before 1971, the use of electronic ignition devices.

The second stage of development: 1974-1982, marked by the application of integrated circuits and microprocessors below 16 bits in automobiles.

The third stage of development: from 1982 to 1990, the application of microprocessors in automobiles became more reliable and mature, and developed in the direction of intelligence.

The fourth stage of development: In 2005, it began to enter the era of automotive electronics technology.

The engine electronic control system, referred to as the electronic control system, is to control the engine ignition, fuel injection, air-fuel ratio and exhaust emissions, etc., so that the engine works in the best state, so as to achieve the purpose of good vehicle performance, energy saving and reducing exhaust emissions.

All are controlled by a computer motherboard. It's like the human brain. Control people's thoughts and actions.

The disadvantage is that when a sensor does not emit signals. The computer can't send messages to other sensors. That is, the computer cannot give orders.

It's like the human brain. You can't control people anymore. That's why people get neurotic.

Automotive electronics technology has fully covered the automotive industry. Today's advanced technologies are linked to electronic technology: EFI engines, power windows, power seats, electronically controlled body stability systems, electronic displays, electronically controlled suspension, etc.

Today's cars are equipped with a computer-ECU to adjust the operation of the entire car, and automotive electronics technology has become the biggest source of automotive technological progress.

It is much more fuel-efficient than traditional carburetors, and accurately controls the fuel injection of each cylinder, but the cost is high.

The main feature is the ECU, which is an electronic control unit.

The current electronically controlled engine mainly refers to the engine equipped with an electronically controlled fuel system. One of the common features of the electronically controlled fuel system is that it can control the advance angle of fuel supply, and some can also control the fuel injection pressure, which ensures that the economy, power, exhaust gas and noise emission of the electronically controlled engine are significantly better than that of ordinary diesel engines.

Hello, electronically controlled engine advantages: (1) provide greater control freedom l electronically controlled fuel injection system can be used to optimize the comprehensive control of fuel injection parameters (such as fuel injection volume, fuel injection timing, fuel injection pressure, fuel injection rate, etc.) according to different operating conditions. （2）

The control function is complete.

3) High control accuracy and fast dynamic response.

4) It can improve the engine dynamics, economy and emission performance (5) It provides fault diagnosis function to improve reliability.

Engine ignition, fuel injection, air-fuel ratio, and exhaust emissions are controlled, so that the engine works in the best state, to achieve the purpose of good vehicle performance, energy saving, and reduced exhaust emissions.

The engine electronic control system mainly includes: electronic ignition system (ESA), electronic fuel injection system (EFI), exhaust gas recirculation control (EGR) and idle control system (ISC), air intake control system, etc. Generally speaking, control systems other than electronically controlled fuel injection systems and electronically controlled ignition systems are collectively referred to as auxiliary control systems.

Main advantages: Composition: It is divided into three parts: sensor, ECU and actuator.

1. The sensor is a kind of detection equipment, which can perceive and convert the measured information into electrical signals or other required information output according to certain rules to meet the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control.

2. The electronic control unit (ECU) is a small computer management center. It takes the acquisition, calculation, processing, analysis, judgment and decision-making of signals (data) as input, issues control instructions, and outputs the work of the actuator. Sometimes, it also provides a stable power supply or reference voltage for the sensor.