The concept of exemption and credit, the difference between exemption and exemption??

What is the difference between a credit and a refund? What is the difference between a credit and a refund? The differences are as follows:

Exemption and tax refund refers to the tax rebate method used by production enterprises to export self-produced goods, and the tax payable for domestic sales and the tax refundable for export goods are offset first, and then refunded if they are not exhausted, so it is called exemption and credit before stool. Tax exemption refers to the tax rebate method used by foreign trade enterprises that do not have production capacity to export goods and services, and the tax rebate is calculated directly according to the purchase price * tax rebate rate of the purchased export goods. For example:

A pharmaceutical company is a production enterprise with export rights, which was identified as a general VAT taxpayer, and the following business occurred in October 2014: Doudong (1) purchased raw materials to obtain a special invoice for anti-counterfeiting tax control, indicating the input tax amount of 10,000 yuan. (2) The sales volume of domestic drugs in the month excluding tax was 5.5 million yuan (3) The income from export drugs was 2.05 million US dollars (the comparison between US dollar and RMB is known that the export tax rebate rate of the enterprise is 13%, please calculate how much VAT should be refunded by the pharmaceutical company in October?)

Analysis] VAT payable 550 17% [10,000 yuan) tax refund 2.05 million yuan) tax refund 10,000 yuan) A foreign trade company in Shanghai is a general VAT taxpayer specializing in import and export business, and the following business occurred in May 2014: (1) a total of 570 TVs were purchased in batches, and 350 TVs were purchased for the first time, with a unit price of 2,500 yuan; 220 TVs were purchased for the second time, with a unit price of RMB 2,400 (both times a special VAT invoice had been obtained); (2) 570 sets of purchased electric air repentance machines were declared for export, and the FOB unit price was 700 US dollars, and the export has been collected and sold for processing. It is known that the ratio between the US dollar and the RMB is 1, and the tax rebate rate is 13, how much is the VAT refundable for the company's export business in May?

Analysis] The calculation of the export tax rebate of the foreign trade company should be calculated according to the purchase amount and tax refund rate indicated on the VAT invoice for the purchase of import and export goods. Therefore, should be refunded = (350 2,500 + 220 2,400) 13% = 182,390 (yuan) do you understand?

The formula for calculating the amount of tax exempted and deducted is as follows: Exemption and tax deduction shall not be exempted and deducted FOB value of export goods Foreign exchange RMB exchange rate (tax rate of export goods Tax rebate rate of export goods) Exemption and tax refund shall not be exempted and deducted Tax credit shall not be exempted and deducted Tax credit shall not be exempted and deducted Tax-exempt purchase of raw materials** (tax rate of export goods Tax rebate rate of export goods) These two formulas are difficult to understand respectively. However, after the two formulas are combined into two years, they become: tax exemption and tax refund shall not be exempted and deducted FOB export goods foreign exchange RMB exchange rate (export goods tax rate export goods tax rebate rate) - duty-free purchase of raw materials** (export goods tax rate export goods tax rebate rate) = (export goods FOB foreign exchange RMB rate - duty-free purchase of raw materials**) (export goods tax rate export goods tax rebate rate). In this way, the amount of tax that cannot be exempted and deducted is more clear, that is, the difference between the tax and tax refund corresponding to the remaining part after excluding the price of raw materials purchased tax-free from the recognized export sales.

There are three reasons for this calculation: first, the tax-exempt purchase of materials itself does not include input tax, so the exemption and deduction of tax should not be calculated, so it should be excluded; Second, because the input tax amount corresponding to the materials and materials actually consumed by the export goods cannot be accurately determined, the input tax amount is artificially set when calculating the tax exemption and tax refund amount, which is calculated according to a certain proportion of the sales amount, and this proportion is the tax refund rate in the formula; Third, for the same reason as Article 2, since it is impossible to directly calculate the amount of tax refund, the alternative method is to first calculate the amount of tax that cannot be exempted and deducted, and use this as an intermediate data for indirectly calculating the tax exemption and credit. ]

If the enterprise has both exports and domestic sales in the current period, the tax payable for domestic sales shall be offset by the tax rebate payable for domestic sales first. But there are two possible scenarios for the topping process

1. There is no need to deduct, when the calculated tax payable for domestic sales is less than zero, there is no need to offset the tax rebates, so all the export tax rebates should be refunded in the current period, and the tax credit at the end of the current period is positive;

Second, the calculated part of the tax payable for domestic sales is greater than or equal to zero, at this time, the export tax payable is offset first, and the result of the offset also has two situations, one is that there is no need to pay tax in the current period after the top, that is, the tax payable is more than enough, but there is still a tax refund that has not been completed.

At this time, the unpaid tax refund will be refunded to the enterprise, and this part of the tax refund will be equal to the calculated tax payable of the enterprise in the current period, in which case the amount will be equal to the difference between the nominal tax refund amount (i.e., the tax refund amount) and the actual tax refund amount.

In this case, there is no retained tax credit at the end of the next period; Another situation is that after the offset, a certain amount of VAT should be paid, that is, insufficient offset, which means that the current tax refund has been fully offset against the tax payable, and there is still an unpaid tax amount.

Only. The situation described in 1 and 2 is also certain"The nominal tax credit at the end of the current period and the nominal tax refund amount are the lower nuclear slippery"。Here, the nominal tax credit at the end of the period is numerically equal to the absolute value of the tax payable for the current period"The actual tax refund amount for the current period"It is the lower of the absolute value of the current nominal tax refund and the current tax payable or the current nominal tax credit at the end of the period.

1. Definitions:

Exemption and exemption are actually the two calculation methods of tax refund stipulated in China's "Measures for the Administration of Tax Refund (Exemption) of Export Goods", namely: the first method is the "exemption, credit and refund" method, which is mainly applicable to the production enterprises of self-operated and entrusted export of self-produced goods;

The second method is the method of "levying first and then retreating" (commonly known as exemption and refund), which is currently mainly used to purchase foreign (industrial) trade enterprises that export goods.

2. Scope of application:

The "exemption" tax for the implementation of the administrative measures for exemption, credit and tax refund refers to the exemption of value-added tax on the production and sales of self-produced goods exported by production enterprises; "Credit" tax refers to the refundable input tax on raw materials, parts, fuel, power, etc. used by the manufacturer to export self-produced goods, which is offset against the tax payable on domestic goods;

"Rebate" tax refers to the tax refund for the part that has not been offset when the input tax payable for the self-produced goods exported by the production enterprise is greater than the tax payable in the current month.

3. Calculation method:

Foreign trade enterprises and industrial and trade enterprises that implement the financial system of foreign trade enterprises shall be exempted from value-added tax in the export sales link of goods purchased for export;

The part of the cost of the purchased goods, because the foreign trade enterprise pays the value-added tax paid by the enterprise that produces and operates the goods at the same time as paying the purchase price, therefore, after the goods are exported, the tax refund is calculated according to the acquisition cost and the tax rebate rate and refunded to the foreign trade enterprise, and the difference between the levy and tax refund is included in the cost of the enterprise.

The calculation of VAT on export goods of foreign trade enterprises shall be calculated on the basis of the input VAT amount and tax refund rate indicated on the special VAT invoice for the purchase of import and export goods. The calculation formula is: tax refund amount Foreign trade acquisition purchase amount excluding VAT tax refund rate.

1. Exemption method: that is, the multiplication tax part of the sales of export goods is exempt from tax, and the tax refund is calculated according to the acquisition cost and the tax rebate rate after the export of the goods, and the difference between the levy and tax rebate rate is included in the cost. The measures are applicable to foreign trade enterprises and industrial and trade enterprises and enterprise groups that implement the financial system of foreign trade enterprises.

2. Exemption and refund: export goods are exempt from tax in the sales of products, and the part of the input tax allowed for deduction of domestic and export goods is deducted from the output tax of domestic goods, and the tax refund shall be declared according to the provisions if the deduction is insufficient.

The answer to "refund" refers to the tax amount that has not been offset during the current period because the input tax payable is greater than the tax payable but has not been fully offset by the goods and services exported by the production enterprise, and the tax refund shall be refunded after approval by the competent tax refund authority.

Cai Shui 2012 No. 39 stipulates that the export of self-produced goods and deemed self-produced goods and the provision of processing, repair and repair services to foreign countries, as well as the export of non-self-produced goods by listed production enterprises, are exempt from VAT, and the corresponding input VAT shall be deducted from the VAT payable (excluding the VAT payable under the VAT refund policy of immediate collection and refund of VAT and VAT refund after collection), and the part that has not been deducted shall be refunded.

Export enterprises that do not have production capacity (hereinafter referred to as "foreign trade enterprises") or other units shall be exempted from value-added tax and the corresponding input tax shall be refunded.

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Calculation procedures for exemptions, credits and tax refunds.

Step formula. Step 1:

Exemption from VAT on production and sales.

Step 2: Exclusion and tax refund shall not be exempted and deducted tax = offshore export goods in the current period** Foreign exchange RMB exchange rate (export goods tax rate tax refund rate) Tax exemption and tax refund shall not be exempted and deducted tax credit.

Tax exemption and tax refund shall not be exempted and deducted, and tax credit = duty-free purchase of raw materials** (tax rate of export goods tax refund rate).

Simplified formula: tax exemption and tax deduction shall not be exempted and deducted = (offshore export goods in the current period** foreign exchange RMB exchange rate Duty-free purchase of raw materials**) (tax rate of export goods tax refund rate).

Step 3: Tax payable in the current period = output tax on goods sold in the current period (all input tax in the current period - tax exempted and deducted in the current period) Retained tax credit in the previous period.

Step 4: Refund first calculate the total amount of tax exemption and refund

Exemption and tax refund amount = offshore export goods in the current period** Foreign exchange RMB exchange rate Tax rebate rate of export goods Exemption and tax refund amount.

Exemption and tax refund amount = Tax-free purchase of raw materials** Tax rebate rate for export goods.

Simplified formula: tax exemption and tax refund limit = (offshore export goods in the current period** foreign exchange RMB exchange rate duty-free purchase of raw materials**) tax rebate rate of export goods.

Secondly, the export tax rebate is confirmed, and the tax exemption and credit amount other than the tax rebate is confirmed

The tax credit at the end of the current period is exempted from tax refund at the end of the current period.

Current tax refund: The tax credit that has not been deducted at the end of the period.

Current tax exemption and credit amount = current tax exemption and tax refund amount The current tax refund amount.

The tax credit at the end of the current period is exempted from tax refund at the end of the current period.

The amount of tax refund payable in the current period = the amount of tax refund in the current period.

Tax exemption and credit for the current period = 0

Summary: Step 1: Tax Exclusion.

Non-exempt credit = (FOB tax-free purchase price) (tax rate tax refund rate).

Step 2: Tax deduction.

Current tax payable = output (input non-deductible credit) retained tax credit.

Step 3: Scale.

Tax refund rate (FOB, tax free purchase price).

Step 4: Compare.

The amount of tax refundable is the lesser of the amount of tax deductible and the amount of tax exemption and refund.

Step 5: Calculate.

Tax Exemption Amount Tax Exemption and Refund Amount Refund Amount Payable.