What is a car body material? What are the main components of the car?

Automobile body materials are generally steel plate and carbon fiber.

Aluminum, reinforced plastics, etc., different materials are different for different purposes of automobile shells and different parts. Generally, it is steel plate, carbon fiber, and reinforced plastic.

There are many kinds of automotive body materials, including iron, aluminum, plastic, carbon fiber, etc.

Now the material of the car body is generally aluminum alloy, because the strength of this material itself is relatively strong, the weight is relatively light, in line with some of the daily needs of the car now, it will be more suitable.

The materials used to make automobiles are divided into metallic materials, non-metallic materials, and composite materials.

1. Metal materials: steel, aluminum, magnesium alloy.

2. Non-metallic materials: ceramics, plastics.

3. Composite materials: fiber-reinforced ceramics, fiber-reinforced metals.

The vast majority of automobile body shells: metal materials, steel plates, carbon fiber, aluminum, reinforced plastics, etc., different materials for different purposes of automobile shells and different parts.

The body structure of the automobile mainly includes:

Body shells, doors, windows, front sheet metal parts, interior and exterior body trim parts and body accessories, seats, ventilation, heating, air conditioning, air conditioning devices, etc. Trucks and special purpose vehicles also include trunks and other equipment.

The body shell is the installation basis of all body parts, usually refers to the rigid space structure composed of the main load-bearing elements such as longitudinals, beams and pillars, as well as the sheet parts connected with them.

The body is mainly made of steel, high-strength steel, ultra-high-strength steel, or all-aluminum body. The engine and overdrive are mainly made of cast iron and aluminum. The same goes for chassis suspension.

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A car generally consists of four basic parts: engine, chassis, body, and electrical equipment. One. Car Engine:

The engine is the power plant of the car. It is composed of 2 major mechanisms and 5 major systems: crank connecting rod mechanism; gas distribution mechanism; fuel supply system; cooling system; lubrication system; ignition system; Starter system.

1.Cooling system: generally composed of water tank, water pump, radiator, fan.

The materials used to make automobiles are divided into metallic materials, non-metallic materials, and composite materials.

The tires are rubber. The bumper is plastic. The engine is made of steel aluminum alloy. The door glass is glass. The seat cover is leather or textile.

The main parts of the car are composed of five basic parts: engine, chassis, body and electrical equipment, and tires.

Most of the car body shell is made of metal materials, steel plates, etcCarbon fiber, aluminum, reinforced plastic, etc., are used differentlyThe material of the car shell and different parts of the car is different. Generally, it is made of steel, Audi high-end cars are made of aluminum, racing cars are made of carbon fiber, and the hood of the Hummer H2 is reinforced plastic. The body of the early sedan followed the body structure of the horse-drawn carriage, and the whole body was mainly made of wood.

In 1912, Eduard Barthes made an all-metal body for the first time, and in 1925, Vincentro Lancia invented the load-bearing body, which is composed of metal structural parts and large covering parts stamped and formed by steel plates, and the body of this metal structure has been used to this day, and has been continuously improved and developed.

Since the 70s of the 20th century, the steel plate of the car body has been made of galvanized thin steel sheet. Galvanized sheet steel is widely used in automobiles because of its good corrosion resistance. In modern times, in automobile production, ordinary low-carbon steel plates are used the most.

Mild steel plate has good plastic processing performance, strength and stiffness can also meet the requirements of the automobile body, and can meet the requirements of tailor welding of the body, so it is widely used in the automobile body.

1. Body shell: It is the installation basis of all body parts, usually refers to the rigid space structure composed of the main load-bearing elements such as longitudinal, beams and pillars, as well as the sheet parts connected with them. Most passenger car bodies have obvious skeletons, while car bodies and truck cabs do not have obvious skeletons.

The body shell usually also includes materials and coatings such as sound insulation, heat insulation, shock resistance, anti-corrosion, and sealing laid on it.

2. Door: Installed on the body shell through the hinge, its structure is more complex, and it is an important part to ensure the performance of the body. These sheet metal parts form the space to accommodate parts such as engines, wheels, and more.

3. Body exterior decorations: mainly refer to decorative strips, wheel decorative covers, logos and embossed texts, etc. Accessories such as radiator masks, bumpers, lamps and mirrors are also clearly decorative.

Most of the shell of the car is made of metal, as well as steel plate, carbon fiber, aluminum, reinforced plastic, and the materials are different for different parts of the vehicle.

The car shell is made of aluminum, reinforced plastic, steel plate, carbon fiber and other materials.

Under normal circumstances, the shell of the car will be made of some metal materials, which may be made of steel plate or some carbon fiber, and may also have some aluminum alloy.

Generally, all of them are galvanized thin steel sheets, which have particularly strong corrosion resistance, and some are aluminum alloy materials and reinforced plastic materials.

Metal, these things can better protect the vehicle, can allow people to sit in it and have a better security.

The lower part of the body, the side panels and the roof beam are made of high-strength materials, because these places can keep the cabin integrity of the passengers to the greatest extent in the event of a traffic accident, and ensure the safety of the occupants in the car to the greatest extent. Reputation.

The bumper is a very important part because it mainly plays a role in protecting the car.

The lower part of the car, the inner panels of the side panels, as well as the roof and the front bezel. They are all made of the toughest steel used to ensure the safety of passengers.

Cars are important at the momentVehicle.

What is the material of the car body

Classification of automotive body materials

1) Steel plate: hot and cold rolled steel plate.

Surface treatment steel plate, stainless steel plate, high-strength steel plate, etc.

2) Light metal materials: aluminum plate, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy.

titanium alloys, etc. 3) Composite materials: glass fiber reinforced materials (GFRP), carbon fiber reinforced materials (CFRP), etc.

4) Non-metallic materials: glass, plastic, rubber, leather, artificial leather.

Chemical fiber, Sun Xianchangwei, etc.

5) Liner material: leather, cardboard, cork, asbestos.

Artificial leather, styrofoam.

Wait. 6) Coating materials: (composition: oil, resin, pigment, thinner, auxiliary materials) primer, topcoat, putty.

ancillary materials, etc.

7) Interior materials: all kinds of fabrics, leather, soft materials, plastics, etc., adhesives: sealants, adhesives, etc.

Type of body steel plate

Body steel plates generally have hot-rolled plates and cold-rolled plates.

Two types. Body steel plates can be roughly divided into carbon steel according to their added composition.

plates, high-strength steel plates, special steel plates, etc.

1. Hot-rolled plate

1) Use: Hot-rolled steel is mainly used in automobiles to manufacture relatively thick zero-rule parts such as beams and frames, which are rolled at a high temperature of more than 730 C, with a thickness of more than 4mml.

2) The plasticity and strength of the hot-rolled steel plate are moderate, and its elongation performance is worse than that of the cold-rolled plate.

2. Cold-rolled plate

1) The performance of the cold-rolled plate is made of hot-rolled plate after pickling and cold-rolled thinning, and after annealing treatment, its surface is high, high precision, has very good plasticity and machinability, suitable for bending and stretching, not easy to break. It also has good welding properties.

2) The disadvantage of cold-rolled plate is that it is easy to rust and has poor corrosion resistance.

3. Carbon steel

According to the carbon content, it can be divided into two types: ordinary carbon steel and high-quality carbon steel.

1) Ordinary carbon steel The application range of ordinary carbon steel on the body is very small, and it is limited to the production of low-load bracket components.

2) High-quality carbon steel can be divided into low-carbon steel according to its carbon content.

Medium carbon steel and high carbon steel.

Low-carbon steel: its carbon content is about, this kind of steel has lower strength than hail, good plasticity, good welding performance, and is widely used in body panels. Steel with low carbon content is softer, easier to process, and can be safely welded.

Medium carbon steel: its carbon content is about, this kind of steel has good strength and toughness, is greatly affected by heat treatment, and is often used in shafts and gears and other parts.

High-carbon steel: its carbon content is about that, it is often used in cutting tools and abrasives, and it has a high hardness after quenching, but it is very brittle.

4. High-strength steel

High-strength steel refers to various types of steel with greater strength than low-carbon steel, which creates favorable conditions for the lightweight of the body and does not affect the strength of the body. High-strength steel can be divided into three types: high-strength low-alloy steel, high-tensile strength steel and ultra-high-strength steel.

1) High-strength low-alloy steel is commonly found in the door sill, front and rear beams and door pillars of American models, and it is strengthened by adding phosphorus to low-carbon steel.

2) High tensile strength steel is commonly found in the body structure of Japanese models, mainly used in suspension devices and other parts.

The body material is not all the materials of the body, the higher the strength, the better, depending on the orange yard used. For example, the frame of the driver's cab is round to determine which frame (such as beams, longitudinal beams, ABC columns, etc.), in order to make the space of the driver's cab as deformed as possible (to ensure the safety of drivers and passengers), it is necessary to use high-strength materials to punch the key.

For example, the front and rear materials (such as hood panels, fenders, etc.) do not play a decisive role in the safety of passengers, and relatively low strength materials can be used.

1. Ordinary steel is generally used on the body steel plate and anti-collision beam. Because these components play a minimal role in high-speed collisions.

2. High-strength steel is generally used on collapsed steel beams to ensure that the deformation can absorb most of the energy. (Cars with low stool liquid dust jujube prices are generally also used in the A, B, and C pillars of the cockpit).

3. Ultra-high-strength buried steel Generally, good cars are used on the A, B, and C pillars of the cockpit, which is the last line of defense related to life and must be strong.

4. Aluminum alloy wheel hubs, some good cars are also used on doors and chassis covers (such as Q7), the advantage is that the strength can be comparable to rigid steel, but the weight is very light.

5. Carbon fiber has more than 2 times higher strength than ultra-high strength steel, and is light in weight and expensive, making it the first choice for supercars.

In recent years, many car companies Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Jaguar Land Rover, etc. have begun to study all-aluminum bodies, and some are researching and have applied all-aluminum engines.

Lightweight materials used by many car companies include: aluminum, magnesium, ceramics, plastics, glass fiber or carbon fiber composites.

In addition, high-strength steel plate will be used instead of ordinary steel plate, which can reduce the thickness of the component and ensure its performance, thereby reducing the quality of the car, and the steel material is cheap and mature, so it is still the most used material for the automobile body.