Is LDL a parameter of blood lipids?

HDL low-density lipoprotein.

What is the normal value of LDL cholesterol?

The level of LDL cholesterol in the human body will be affected by various factors such as genetics, diet, diseases, drugs, etc., and due to the difference in instrument accuracy, different detection methods and other factors, the reference value of the laboratory test issued by different medical institutions in actual life may have certain differences. In general, for people without any cardiovascular or cerebrovascular risk factors, the appropriate level of LDL cholesterol is .

Normal values for LDL are less than millimol liters.

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the main cholesterol carrier in blood lipids, which carries cholesterol from the liver to tissues throughout the body. Therefore, total cholesterol is highly correlated with LDL, which is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart attack. Some LDL finger proteins can be oxidized to form oxidized LDL, which is taken up by endothelial cells and macrophages in the arterial wall, and is the initial stage of atherosclerosis.

Therefore, the lower the LDL in a certain range, the better. There are many factors that can increase LDL, with diet and obesity having the greatest impact on its levels.

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is a lipoprotein particle that transports cholesterol to peripheral tissues, is usually below normal and is one of the tests on a lipid test. When LDL is over-oxidized, the cholesterol carried is easily deposited on the wall of the curved artery, which will cause arteriosclerosis for a long time, so LDL cholesterol is also known as bad solid buried megaol. Generally, it is an indicator of the reference value of arteriosclerosis, but arteriosclerosis cannot be determined based on a single index, and the sum of the results of multiple indicators is required to determine.

Low LDL may be related to excessive daily exercise, low fat intake, unreasonable diet, abnormal liver metabolism, liver synthesis disorders, etc., and elevated LDL may be related to excessive fat intake, which can easily lead to obesity, liver disease, and high blood pressure, so you must pay attention. If there is a long-term LDL abnormality, it is necessary to be vigilant in time, and it is necessary to go to the hospital for a detailed examination, and if there is an adverse disease, it is necessary to treat the symptoms**.

Lipid profile mainly includes:

1. Total cholesterol, the normal range is in, if it is exceeded, it is an increase in total cholesterol.

Second, triglycerides, the normal range is in. exceed, for elevated triglycerides.

3. HDL cholesterol, the normal range is greater than.

Fourth, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the normal range is lower.

5. Lipoprotein A, the normal value is less than 300mg L. The physiological role of LDL is to transport cholesterol from the liver to the tissues of the whole body, and if it is significantly elevated for a long time, the probability of patients developing atherosclerotic diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases will increase.

How to prevent high LDL.

1. Improve your lifestyle.

High LDL cholesterol is likely to be caused by improper diet, to solve this point we must start from the diet, adhere to a low-fat, low-cholesterol, low-salt diet, try to eat less animal offal, fried food, etc. Eat more healthy foods, such as fresh vegetables, fruits and whole grains, and get rid of bad habits of smoking and alcohol, so as to lower LDL cholesterol levels.

2. Strengthen exercise.

Proper exercise can also reduce the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as long as you take 30-60 minutes a day, choose sports according to your own hobbies, and stick to it for a long time. If the patient does not know what sports to choose, they can learn from these: cycling, swimming, walking, jogging, climbing, tai chi, etc.

However, it is important to remember that exercise can be more effective if it is gradual and consistent.

3. Drugs**.

Medications** are the most effective and straightforward way to help lower LDL cholesterol levels. If you can do a good job of diet and exercise on this basis, the effect will be more significant, and it can also prevent the occurrence of other diseases and better protect the health of patients.

1. Very low-density lipoprotein: Extremely low-density lipoprotein is a lipoprotein composed of intermediate metabolites of chyle granule residues, bile acids, fatty acids, sugars and proteins synthesized by the liver and apolipoproteins synthesized in the liver. Because of its very low density (molecular size of 25 80 nnl, it contains 60% triacylglycerol.

2. Low-density lipoprotein: low-density lipoprotein is a kind of lipoprotein particles that carry cholesterol into peripheral tissue cells, which can be oxidized into oxidized low-density lipoprotein, when low-density lipoprotein, especially oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL) is excessive, the cholesterol it carries accumulates on the arterial wall, which is easy to cause arteriosclerosis for a long time. For this reason, LDL is called "bad cholesterol".

Suggestions: Many factors can cause an increase in LDL, which can be divided into two categories: non-pathological factors and pathological factors: 1. Non-pathological factors Sun Lu (1) If you drink, you will lose an unbalanced diet, and the fat intake is too high.

2) High level caused by smoking and drinking. (3) Excessive exercise and strenuous exercise can significantly increase HDL. (4) Overweight and obese people tend to cause high LDL.

2. Pathological factors (1) patients with abnormal liver function and hepatitis (2) atherosclerosis, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. LDL can carry cholesterol into the cells of the human artery wall, and when the LDL is higher than the normal value, excess cholesterol accumulates in the blood vessel wall, forming atherosclerosis, and even coronary heart disease.

Answer]: A analysis: lipoproteins can be divided into according to their density:

chyle microparticles (cm), very low-density lipid (VLDL), intermediate density lipid (IDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The lowest density is chylomicrons (cm).

1 Pinyin 2 English references.

3 Note Dī mì dù zhī dàn báildl Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a cholesterol-rich lipoprotein band fanmin, whose cholesterol is mainly derived from cholesterol in HDL transported from CE. At present, it is believed that there are two pathways of LDL in plasma: the main pathway is the transformation of VLDL dissimilation and metabolism; The secondary pathway is hepatic synthesis and direct secretion into the bloodstream.

The degradation of LDL is metabolized through the LDL receptor pathway, and the covered socket on the surface of the cell membrane is the existence site of the LDL receptor, that is, the APOB100 in LDL is recognized by the receptor, and the LDL is combined into the socket on the receptor, and then separated from the membrane to form an endocytic vesicle, in the endocytosis through the membrane H atpase action, the pH decreases and becomes acidic, LDL is separated from the receptor and fused with lysotropic clasomes, and then the cholesterol is produced by enzymatic hydrolysis into the transport vesicle body, Or it can be re-esterified by ACAT action and accumulate. The LDL in plasma of 65 70 is cleared by LDL receptors, and a small fraction (about 1 3) is taken up by surrounding tissues (including blood vessel walls) and dissipated. Once the LDL receptor is deficient, the VLDL residue is mostly recognized by the hepatic LDL receptor and converted to LDL instead of the normal, resulting in an increase in the concentration of LDL in the plasma.