Why do you have nasal congestion when you have a cold, and what is the principle of nasal congestion

Why do I have nasal congestion when I have a cold?

Colds can occur all year round, and most of us will feel nasal congestion after a cold, that is, the nose is not breathing. Why is that?

The cold is an infectious disease caused by a filtering virus, and its main lesion site is in the upper respiratory tract, so it is also called "upper respiratory tract infection" in medicine. The so-called upper respiratory tract includes the nose, throat, and trachea, which is the only way for gas to enter and exit the human body.

Our human nose is like a room with a door at the front and back, and there is a nasal septum in the middle that divides it into two rooms, left and right, and on the side wall of each room hang three curly turbinates, this house is called the nasal cavity. The front of the nasal cavity is connected to the outside world through the nostrils, and the back part leads to the pharynx. The pharynx is a cavity behind the nose and mouth, and it is a communication artery for breathing and swallowing.

There are many nasal hairs growing in the nostrils, and there is a mucous membrane with cilia and extremely rich capillaries on the surface of the nasal cavity, and the nasal mucosa often secretes a small amount of mucus, or nasal mucus, to clean the inhaled air.

When you have a cold, the nasal mucosa becomes inflamed, the tissues swell, the capillaries dilate, and the secretions increase, which hinders the flow of gases in and out, and the nose is naturally not easy to ventilate. It's like a passage that wasn't wide and it's full of things, and of course the entry and exit can't be smooth.

The cold is a gradual process, generally when the attack occurs, there will be an incubation period of 1-3 days, when the capillaries of the nasal mucosa, through the action of nerve reflex, the blood vessels constrict, and the secretion of mucosa-like glands is reduced.

In the early stages of a cold, the nose may feel dry, burning, or itchy, and often sneeze. Then it will reflexively cause nerve excitation, so that the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in the mucosa will dilate, the glands will enlarge, the turbinate mucosa will be congested and swollen, and the secretions will increase, so that the air in and out will be obstructed, and the nose will not breathe. Rough sparrows.

A cold is an upper respiratory tract infection. It can be divided into viral infections (such as upper respiratory tract infections caused by influenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, etc.) and bacterial infections (such as bacterial pharyngeal tonsillitis).

Among them, viruses are mostly caused by rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus (not the same as influenza virus), respiratory syncytial virus, echovirus, coxsackievirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, etc. The clinical symptoms are nasal congestion, sneezing, runny nose, fever, cough, headache, etc., which are mostly self-limited. Although it is more common in winter and spring, there will be no pandemic.

Nasal congestion after inflammation of a cold is becauseDilation of small blood vessels in the nasal mucosa causes mucosal congestion and edemaThe increase in the volume of the inner wall of the nasal cavity hinders air flow, as if the same number of vehicles are driving smoothly on a wide road, but when they reach a narrow small bright rock road, it is easy to get stuck in traffic. This is the reason why the nose is not breathing when you have a cold.

The symptoms of a cold are:

Inflammation. Snot.

Stuffy nose. Within 15 minutes of entering the body, the rhinovirus attacks the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. Naturally, the attacked cells will not sit idly by, and will immediately secrete a lot of signal molecules to report to the human body that "there is an enemy invasion".

At this time, the body's immune system responds, a process called "inflammation". When the "battlefield" of inflammation spreads to the nasal cavity, the cells of the nasal mucosa are attacked by the virus and secrete more fluid, which is called nasal discharge. This is the reason for the long runny nose when you have a cold.

At the beginning of a cold, the nasal discharge is clear and clear, but as the disease progresses, the nasal discharge begins to contain more protein and becomes thicker and thicker. If there is a bacterial infection after a cold, the corpse of the white blood cells fighting the bacteria will be expelled along with the nasal discharge, and the nasal mucus will become yellow-green purulent discharge. After a cold and inflammation, the dilation of small blood vessels in the nasal mucosa causes mucosal congestion and edema, and the increase in the volume of the nasal lining obstructs air flow.

This is the reason why the nose is not breathing when you have a cold. In a cold environment, the nasal mucosa will become larger in order to better heat the inhaled air, so the nasal congestion will be more severe when it is cold; On the contrary, a warm environment will make nasal congestion lessen. When nasal congestion is severe, the doctor will spray drugs into the nasal cavity to make the nasal cavity unblocked, so that the nasal mucosa vasoconstriction, edema is reduced, secretion is reduced, and the nasal congestion and runny nose are improved.

The first reason is: frequent nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, this is caused by allergic rhinitis, which generally causes many reasons for this disease, such as frequent colds, even if it is not pure, low resistance, contact with allergic substances, etc., you can drink more water, pay attention to keep warm, and do not eat spicy fried food.

The second reason is that there are many causes of nasal congestion, in addition to heat, cold, contact with cold patients, nasal trauma will cause nasal congestion, overwork, malnutrition, excessive smoking and alcohol, internal division of the beam to destroy the urinary disorder, systemic diseases can affect metabolism and cause nasal congestion.

The third reason is that it may be caused by a cold or allergic rhinitis, you can pay attention to rest, keep warm, and if necessary, apply compound aminophenamine, chlorpheniramine, vitamin C, etc.

If you have a cold, you will be prone to nasal congestion, so I will introduce you to two small home remedies for nasal congestion 1. Take a cup of hot water, smoke it for 10 minutes on your nose, and then drink two cups of boiling water, or take a small piece of ginger and chop it to drink boiling water, which is very useful;

2. Side lying massage: the left earbud is lying to the right, the right nasal plug is lying to the left, and the nose is rubbed with two fingers to the Yingxiang acupoints on both sides for 1 2 minutes, and the nasal congestion can be removed.

Because the lungs are open to the nose, typhoid fever and the sun meridian, the cold evil first invades the lungs, and headache, nasal congestion and runny nose will appear.