The difference between private goods and public goods

Public goods and private goods are a pair of concepts. The criterion by which economists distinguish is that private goods are exclusive and competitive; Public goods, on the other hand, are non-exclusive and non-competitive.

In short, exclusivity means that if I use a product, others cannot use it again, and if I eat a bite of an apple, others will not be able to eat the bite I ate; Competitiveness means that if I use one product, others will use one less, and if I eat one apple, others will have one less apple.

Obviously, urban roads, street lights, public squares and green spaces are non-competitive and non-exclusive: the street lights illuminate my way home, but they do not prevent my neighbors from lighting their way home; I get the benefit of a street lamp to light the way, and it doesn't reduce my neighbors' chances of getting the same benefit.

Extended Materials. Characteristics of public goods.

1. None of the public goods are competitive for consumption, i.e., the marginal cost of providing goods or services to an additional consumer is zero at a given level of production.

2. Non-exclusivity of consumption, that is, no one can exclude the consumption of the item by others because of their own consumption.

3. Indivisibility of utility. Public goods are provided to the whole society, and the members of the whole society share the utility of the public good, and cannot be divided into several parts that belong to certain individuals, families or enterprises. Alternatively, the individual, family or business for which the payment is restricted to the principle of who pays and who benefits.

4. It is mandatory to consume. A public good is a public good for the whole society, and the whole society members share its utility. Once public goods are produced and provided to society, members of society generally have no choice but to passively accept them.

In other words, public goods are not free to compete, they are highly monopolistic.

This nature of public goods reminds people of the importance of paying attention to the quality and quantity of public goods. Waste and defective products of public goods must not flow into society, and once they enter society, their harm is far greater than that of private products. The quantity of public goods is insufficient, and it cannot meet the needs of society, and its harm is also obvious.

Excessive production of public goods will also have a negative impact on society.

Public goods are symmetries of "private goods". The full name is public goods or services. Goods or services that cannot be provided by the private sector through the market but must be provided by the public sector in a non-market manner.

Public goods have three characteristics: Indivisibility of utility. Public goods are provided to society as a whole and have the characteristics of common benefit or joint consumption.

People in society as a whole can enjoy it together, and it cannot be divided into parts that belong to certain individuals, families or enterprises. Consumption is not exclusive. That is, the enjoyment of public goods by a person, family or enterprise does not affect or hinder the enjoyment of other people, families or enterprises at the same time, and the benefits are unstoppable.

That is, there is no technical way to exclude individuals, families or enterprises that refuse to pay for them from the scope of benefits of public goods.

Something that is owned by the public state, or collective. Now it also refers to the things owned by a company and enterprises, which are used by employees for work and belong to the administrative body of the company. In addition to its appearance, there are many objects that can be referred to, including:

There is no clear ownership of tools or objects that are given to people in public places, such as park benches, green plants on the side of the living week, school tables and chairs, and other tools or objects that are used in public places.

<> pure public goods.

It is Lingyou who refers to the fact that everyone's consumption of this kind of shouting Zheng product will not lead to a decrease in the consumption of this product by others. Quasi-public goods refer to public goods with limited non-competition or limited non-exclusivity, which are between pure public goods and private goods, such as education, parks, and congested highways.

<> pure public good means that everyone's consumption of such a product does not lead to a decrease in the consumption of that product by others. Quasi-public goods refer to public goods with limited non-competition or limited non-exclusivity, which are between pure public goods and private products, such as education, parks, congested roads, etc., all belong to quasi-public goods.

In ordinary life, whether it is home life or work, more and more items are used, but some items belong to public use, such as printers, office **, etc., but some items belong to private items, and people who have a habit of cleanliness are very concerned about personal belongings and do not want to be touched by people around them.

Personal belongings are usually purchased by the individual at direct payment, are purchased according to the individual's needs, are for the individual's sole use, and are at the sole discretion of the individual.

Cleaning items used in daily life, such as toothpaste, toothbrushes, cups, tableware, slippers, shower gel, etc., are all personal items. In particular, there are many skin care products for girls, such as facial cleanser, makeup remover, lipstick, eyeliner, mascara, cream, lotion, moisturizer, makeup remover, etc., which are all personal items purchased according to personal skin type, and usually do not like to use them with others. In addition, the sanitary napkins, sleeping pants, and pads used by girls are also personal items, including razors and shaving liquid used by men.

For personal items, towels, drinking glasses, nail clippers, toilet paper, ear pickers, umbrellas, medicines, etc. When using personal belongings, be sure to obtain the owner's consent and do not use the personal belongings of people around you without permission.

Summary. 1. The differences between public goods and private goods are as follows:

1. The purchase method of the two is different.

Public goods are purchased by indirect payment, such as the use of taxes; Personal belongings are paid for directly by the individual.

2. The distribution principle of the two is different.

Public goods are distributed by political votes, and private goods are distributed by market purchases.

3. The consumption principles of the two are different.

Public goods cannot be divided when consumed, but can only be shared; Personal items can be divided when consumed, and individuals can enjoy them alone.

4. The use rights of the two are different.

Public goods can also be enjoyed when they are not purchased; Personal items cannot be enjoyed when not purchased, and can only be used after purchase.

What is the difference between public goods, private goods, and mixed goods.

1. The differences between public goods and private goods are as follows: 1. The purchase methods of the two are different, and public goods are purchased by indirect payment, such as the use of tax payment; Personal belongings are paid for directly by the individual. 2. The distribution principle of the two is different: public goods are distributed by political voting, and private goods are distributed by market purchases.

3. The consumption principles of the two are different, and public goods cannot be separated when consumed, but can only be shared with Shenqiao; Personal items can be divided when consumed, and individuals can enjoy them alone. 4. The right to use the two limbs is different, and public goods can also be enjoyed when they are not purchased; Personal items cannot be enjoyed when they are not purchased, and can only be used after purchasing Liang Xiaoshi.

2. The characteristics of public goods are as follows: 1. Public goods cannot be divided when consumed, but can only be shared; 2. Public goods cannot be enjoyed exclusively at the time of purchase; 3. Public goods are purchased by indirect payment; 4. The goods of the Beitan Gong clan are distributed by political voting; 5. Public goods cannot be chosen by individuals, and they can be enjoyed without purchasing; 6. It is not easy to identify the quality of public goods, and it is not easy to waste when used.

Mixed goods can be provided by the private sector through the city's reed infiltration field, or by the company by giving subsidies to accompany the infiltration ridge through the market. Mix items.

<> pure public goods.

It means that everyone's consumption of this product will not lead to a decrease in the consumption of this product by others. Quasi-public goods refer to public goods with limited non-competition or limited non-exclusivity, which are between pure public goods and private goods, such as education, parks, congested roads, etc., all belong to quasi-public goods. <

A pure public good is one in which everyone's consumption of such a product does not lead to a decrease in the consumption of that product by others. Quasi-public goods refer to public goods with limited non-competition or limited non-exclusivity, which are between pure public goods and private goods, such as education, parks, congested roads, etc., all belong to quasi-public goods.