What is the difference between solution treatment and quenching?

Differences: 1. The treatment process is different.

Solution treatment refers to the heat treatment process in which the alloy is heated to a high temperature single-phase zone and maintained at a constant temperature, so that the excess phase is fully dissolved into the solid solution and then quickly cooled to obtain a supersaturated solid solution.

Quenching is a heat treatment process method that heats the steel above the critical temperature, holds it for a certain time, and then cools it at a temperature greater than the critical cooling rate, so as to obtain an unbalanced structure dominated by martensite.

2. The purpose is different.

The purpose of solution treatment is to dissolve the carbides in the matrix, 'equal' to obtain a uniform supersaturated solid solution, so as to facilitate the re-precipitation of fine-grained, uniformly distributed carbides and ' and other strengthened phases during aging, and at the same time eliminate the stress caused by cold and hot processing, so that the alloy can be recrystallized.

The purpose of quenching is to make the supercooled austenite undergo martensite or bainite transformation to obtain martensite or bainite structure, and then cooperate with tempering at different temperatures to greatly improve the rigidity, hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength and toughness of steel, so as to meet the different requirements of various mechanical parts and tools.

3. The application is different.

Solution treatment is suitable for certain alloy steels. For example, M13 high manganese steel containing 13% MN needs to be solution treated. It is heated to 1050 1100 and kept warm long enough for the carbide M3C to dissolve into the austenite, followed by rapid cooling (water quenching) to give a single-phase austenite structure at room temperature.

The quenching process is widely used in the modern machinery manufacturing industry. Almost all of the important parts in machinery, especially the steel parts used in automobiles, airplanes and rockets, have been quenched. In order to meet the wide variety of technical requirements of various parts, various quenching processes have been developed.

The main differences are, different nature, different functions, and different scope of application, as follows:

First, the nature is different.

1. Solution treatment.

Solution treatment is also known as "solution quenching" because the operation process is similar to quenching. It refers to the heat treatment process in which the alloy is heated to a high temperature single-phase zone and maintained at a constant temperature, so that the excess phase is fully dissolved into the solid solution and then cooled rapidly to obtain a supersaturated solid solution.

2. Quenching. It is a metal heat treatment process in which a metal workpiece is heated to a certain appropriate temperature and held for a period of time, and then immersed in a quenching medium for rapid cooling.

Second, the role is different.

1. Solution treatment.

It is generally a preparatory heat treatment, the function of which is to prepare the best conditions for the subsequent heat treatment.

2. Quenching. Improve the rigidity, hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength and toughness of steel, so as to meet the different requirements of various mechanical parts and tools. It can also meet the special physical and chemical properties of some special steels such as ferromagnetism and corrosion resistance through quenching.

3. The scope of application is different.

1. Solution treatment.

A variety of special steels, high-temperature alloys, special performance alloys, non-ferrous metals.

Parts that need to be reprocessed after heat treatment.

Elimination of cold work hardening between molding processes.

Workpiece after welding.

2. Quenching. Surface quenching is widely used in machine parts made of medium carbon quenched and tempered steel or ductile iron. Because the medium carbon quenched and tempered steel is pretreated (quenched and tempered or normalized) and then surface quenched, it can not only maintain the core with high comprehensive mechanical properties, but also make the surface have high hardness (>HRC 50) and wear resistance.

For example, machine tool spindles, gears, diesel engine crankshafts, camshafts, etc. In principle, the surface quenching of gray cast iron, ductile iron, malleable cast iron, alloy cast iron, etc., which is equivalent to the pearlite ferrite base of medium carbon steel, can be surface quenched, and the process performance of ductile iron is the best, and it has high comprehensive mechanical properties, so it is the most widely used.

After the surface quenching of high-carbon steel, although the surface hardness and wear resistance are improved, the plasticity and toughness of the core are low, so the surface quenching of high-carbon steel is mainly used for tools, measuring tools and high-cold-hardened rolls that work under small impact and alternating loads.

Quenching, it is many times, it can be said to clear out the debris inside.

Solution treatment is not to remove the debris inside.

The essential difference.

Quenching is to change the hardness of the material, quenching and tempering is to change the fineness and density of the material, quenching requires rapid cooling, quenching and tempering is to be hammered, and the temperature is normal.

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Solid solution treatment: The alloy is heated to the high-temperature austenite zone for heat preservation, so that the excess phase is fully dissolved into the solid solution and then cooled quickly to obtain the heat treatment process of supersaturated solid solution. The main purpose of solution treatment is to improve the plasticity and toughness of steel or alloy and prepare for precipitation hardening.

To make a popular analogy: glutinous rice, water, rock sugar If it is not steamed, the rock sugar cannot be dissolved into the rice, and after heating and steaming, the rock sugar is completely dissolved into it and becomes rock sugar glutinous rice.

Quenching: Quenching refers to the heat treatment process in which steel is heated above the critical temperature, and after heat preservation, it is cooled at a cold rate greater than the critical cooling rate, so that austenitic is transformed into martensitic. Therefore, the purpose of quenching is to obtain martensitic and to match it with the appropriate tempering process to improve the mechanical properties of the steel.

Differences: The purpose of quenching is to obtain a martensitic structure; The purpose of solution treatment is to eliminate the precipitated phase, the alloy phase formed by the dissolution of solute atoms into the crystal lattice of the metal solvent. The two components are miscible in the liquid state, and the solid state also dissolves in each other, forming a uniform and consistent substance.

Quenching and tempering: A heat treatment process that typically combines quenching and subsequent high-temperature tempering.

Quenched and tempered ideal structure: cryptocrystalline martensitic + tempered sostenite.

Reference: Metallurgy and heat treatment.

OK. For iron and steel materials, solution treatment and quenching are basically the same in terms of process, both are heated to the temperature at which the precipitated phase is completely dissolved, and then cooled to below the precipitated temperature in a way that is greater than the critical cooling rate of precipitation.

Differences: The purpose is different, the purpose of quenching is to obtain the martensitic structure; The purpose of solution treatment is to eliminate the precipitated phase.

For example, ultra-low carbon martensitic aging steel is heated to a single austenite phase area, and then air-cooled to obtain a single martensitic structure, which can be called normalizing from the process, quenching from the final structure, and solution treatment from the purpose. After solution treatment, it is kept warm at low temperature for a period of time and then air-cooled, which is tempered from the perspective of the process, but it is called aging from the purpose, because the purpose of this process is to precipitate and strengthen, which meets the definition of aging. And the purpose of tempering is not like that.

We now generally give a name to a process according to the purpose of the treatment. So some processes look like annealing, but in fact they are called normalizing, some processes look like normalizing, but they are actually called quenching, and some processes look like quenching, which are actually called solid solution.

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The relationship between solution treatment and quenching.

The relationship between solution treatment and quenching.

Commonality: For iron and steel materials, solution treatment and quenching are basically rotated in the process, both are heated to the temperature at which the precipitated phase is completely dissolved, and then cooled to below the precipitated temperature in a way that is greater than the critical cold rate of precipitation.

Differences: The purpose is different, the purpose of quenching is to obtain the martensitic structure; The purpose of solution treatment is to eliminate the precipitated phase.

For example, ultra-low carbon martensitic aging steel is heated to a single austenite phase area, and then air-cooled to obtain a single martensitic structure, which can be called normalizing from the process, quenching from the final structure, and solution treatment from the purpose. After solution treatment, it is air-cooled after being kept warm at low temperature for a period of time, which is tempering from the process point of view, but it is called aging from the purpose of the process, because the purpose of this process is to precipitate and strengthen, which meets the definition of aging. And the purpose of tempering is not like that.