Digital signature issue, thank you all 20

Digital signature (English: digital signature, also known asA digital signature for the public key) is a method of identifying digital information that functions like a normal signature written on paper, but uses the technology of public key cryptography.

A set of digital signatures typically defines two complementary operations, one for signature and one for verification. Electronic signatures in legal terms.

It doesn't mean the same thing as a digital signature.

An e-signature refers to a person attached to and associated with an electronic document for the purpose of identifying and confirming the identity and qualifications of the signatory of an electronic document and the authenticity of an electronic document. A digital signature is an electronic signature that is encrypted by mathematical algorithms or other means. This means that not all eSignatures are digital.

A digital signature does not refer to a signature that is scanned into a digital image, or a signature obtained with a touchpad, let alone signed.

The integrity of a digitally signed document is easy to verify (no stamps are required).

Signatures do not require handwriting identification, and digital signatures are non-repudiatory (i.e., non-repudiation) and do not require a handwriting expert to verify.

Principle. Usually a public key is used for encryption and a private key is used for decryption. In digital signatures, the private key is encrypted (equivalent to generating the signature) and the public key is decrypted (equivalent to verifying the signature).

The verifier decrypts the message correctly with the public key, and if it is consistent with the original message, the signature is successful. However, the hash value of the message is usually signed, because the length of the hash value is usually much smaller than the original text of the message, making the signature (asymmetric encryption.

The efficiency is greatly improved. Note that calculating the hash value of a message is not a necessary step for a digital signature.

In practice, we want to encrypt both messages and signatures, so we need to use a combination of encryption and signature, for example, TLS combines encryption and signature.

The digital signature is displayed in the following form:

Reliable electronic signatures are subject to:

1) When the electronic signature creation data is used for electronic signatures, it is the exclusive property of the electronic signer;

2) At the time of signing, the electronic signature production data is controlled only by the electronic signer;

3) any changes to the electronic signature after signing can be detected;

4)that any changes to the content and form of the data message after signing can be detected.

The above four conditions are reliable and trustworthy electronic signatures.

The digital signature is displayed in the following form:

Reliable electronic signatures are subject to:

1) When the electronic signature creation data is used for electronic signatures, it is the exclusive property of the electronic signer;

2) At the time of signing, the electronic signature production data is controlled only by the electronic signer;

3) any changes to the electronic signature after signing can be detected;

4)that any changes to the content and form of the data message after signing can be detected.

The above four conditions are reliable and trustworthy electronic signatures.

What is a digital signature? What is blockchain consensus? Understand the consensus mechanism in physics.

Digital signaturesmeans any electronic means that has the force of law and is capable of indicating that a person has accepted the content of an electronic message.

Digital signaturesA signed document that may be used for electronic transmission, such as a facsimile, or an encoded piece of information, such as a telegram using Moss code. Encrypted digital signatures have become more common in e-commerce and archive management in recent years, as they are more secure than a simple ordinary electronic signature.

Digital signaturesNot an entirely new concept per se, the common law recognizes that the telegraph signature dates back to the mid-19th century, and in the case of fax it dates back to the 80s of the 20th century. In many countries and regions, including the United States, the European Union, and Australia, digital signatures recognized by court have the same legal effect as traditional forms of document authentication.

Here it isDigital signaturesIn the popular sense, electronic signatures are not complicated, if you want to have a deeper understanding of digital signatures, you can go onMicrosignOn the official website, register an account for free, experience it for free, and experience it yourself to intuitively understand digital signatures!

(This life and this life are with you).

I think of you) I will be with you all my life).

I miss you so much) (actually I love you).

I'll hold you) (come back quickly).

Do you want me to be annihilated).

Love you to eternity).

Only love you for the rest of my life).

I want to love you for the rest of my life).

Woo woo) (love you for a long time).

I am your wife).

Loving you is happiness)

I won't be your wife).

6 (Have a nice trip).

I love you, I love me, I miss me).

Still happy to dress up and delight you).

You're my wife) I just miss you).

You cried) (I miss you).

Think of me all the time).

I want to go blow with you)

I love you) (my heart belongs to you).

Don't be together anymore).

14 yuan, yuan, 1314 yuan (one lifetime).

Kiss you, hug you)

I love you) 10,000 (I love you for 10,000 years).

I want to love you for a long time)

Kiss and hug) Please don't abandon me).

You are my old wife)

I love you and swear yes)

I swear I love you for the rest of my life).

I'm not coming) (to miss you is to love you).

I swear) (love you for 10,000 years).

Like you for 100 million years).

Love me, love me, kiss me).

You are a cute puppy)

I miss you for the rest of my life) dear and dear to me).

Love for a lifetime) (love you for a lifetime).

Kiss me) (You are my wife).

There are worlds) (I love you for a long time and miss you).

Hungry or not) (don't be angry).

All I care about is you).

For a long time) I like you).

Love is gone) I am with you all the time).

I love you for the rest of my life, and I love you

I'm bored to death)

I think I've fallen in love with you)

You are my old wife)

I love you and want to love you walking along)

I'm going to marry you) (love you).

I love you for a long time and for a long time).

All the way) I swear I love you for the rest of my life

Get up) (go for a walk).

I love you all my life).

Love you all the way) kiss you for a long time).

Fall in love with me) (I want to hug you).

66 (smooth and smooth).

Just love me) want to love you for a long time).

I love you for a lifetime, I love you for a lifetime).

Long and long) Yuan (love you for a long time).

To be loved is to be happy).

I miss you so much) (love will love me for a lifetime).

Categories: Computer Networking.

Analysis: Digital signature technology is a typical application of asymmetric encryption algorithms. The application process of digital signature is that the data source macro uses its own private key to encrypt the data checksum or other variables related to the data content to complete the legal "signature" of the data, and the data receiver uses the other party's public key to interpret the received "digital signature", and uses the interpretation results to verify the integrity of the data to confirm the legitimacy of the signature.

Digital signature technology is an important technology to confirm identity in the virtual environment of the network system, which can completely replace the "handwritten signature" in the real process, and is technically and legally ***. When it comes to public and private key management, digital signature applications are the opposite of encrypted email PGP technology. In a digital signature application, the sender's public key can be easily obtained as soon as possible, but his private key needs to be kept strictly confidential.

Digital signatures include ordinary digital signatures and special digital signatures. Common digital signature algorithms include RSA, Elgmal, Fiat-Shamir, Guillou-Quisquarter, Schnorr, Ong-Schnorr-Shamir digital signature algorithm, DES DSA, elliptic curve digital signature algorithm and finite automata digital signature algorithm. Special digital signatures include blind model crack bird signatures, ** signatures, group signatures, non-repudiation signatures, fair blind signatures, threshold signatures, signatures with message recovery functions, etc., which are closely related to the specific application environment.

Forgery, denial, impersonation, and tampering can be addressed. 1. Anti-impersonation (forgery): The private key is only known to the signer, so it is impossible for others to construct the correct one.

2. Identifiable identity: Since the traditional manual signature is generally met directly by both parties, the identity can be clear. In a network environment, the receiver must be able to authenticate the sender's claimed identity.

Forgery, denial, impersonation, and tampering can be addressed.

1. Anti-impersonation (forgery). The private key is known only to the signer, so it is impossible for anyone else to construct the correct one.

2. It can identify the identity. Since the traditional hand-signed signature is usually met directly by the two parties Sakurayama, the identity can be clear. In a network environment, the receiver must be able to authenticate the sender's claimed identity.

3. Anti-tampering (anti-destruction of the integrity of information). For traditional manual signing, what if you want to sign a 200-page contract and just sign it at the end of the contract? Or sign every page?

If you only sign at the end of the contract, will the other party steal a few pages of it? For digital signatures, the signature and the original document have formed a mixed overall data, which cannot be tampered with, and the integrity of the data is ensured.

4. Anti-replay. For example, in daily life, A borrows money from B and writes an IOU to B at the same time, when A pays back the money, he must ask B to return the IOU he wrote and tear it up, otherwise, I am afraid that he will use the IOU again to demand that A repay the money.

5. Anti-repudiation. As mentioned earlier, digital signatures can identify identities and cannot be counterfeited, so as long as the signed message is preserved, it is as if the text of the contract signed by hand has been preserved, that is, the evidence is retained, and the signer cannot deny it.

6. Confidentiality (confidentiality). With confidentiality guarantees, interception attacks are ineffective. Hand-signed documents (like text) are not confidential, and if they are lost, the information contained in them is very likely to be leaked.