Why do Chinese people have so many surnames? 20

From an archaeological point of view, the Shang dynasty is the most likely dynasty to obtain physical evidence of the origin of the surname. It was a typical period of slavery, when state institutions had been formed, the emperor's concubines had the right to inherit the throne, and some concubines were divided. The descendants of these lords may have gradually developed surnames in the names of states or fiefdoms.

Zhang Xinbin, vice president of the Central Plains Surname History and Culture Research Association, said: "Dividing is dividing the family, and dividing the family is dividing the clan, so there are more and more clans." And so the surname exploded in that era.

Taking the country as the surname is the most common, and countless surnames have been derived in later generations; In addition, there are those with official names, such as Taishi, Sima, Sikong, and Situ; those with the alias of their ancestors, such as Tang, Xia, and Yin; those with fiefs as clans, such as Lu, Mi, and Wei; Those with the names of their ancestors, such as Zhuang, Wu, Mu, and Xuan; those named after the place of residence, such as Guo and Chi; Those who are engaged in occupations, such as pottery, slaughter, witchcraft, divination, and so on.

In the Zhou Dynasty, when surnames exploded, not all Chinese people had surnames. In the Qin Dynasty, which implemented the county system, the "clan" that marked the noble and the lowly became meaningless, but gradually became unified with the surname representing the blood relationship. Later, a will of the people was formed, as if a spring breeze was blowing, and the surname blew open the door of the commoner's home.

If you understand this layer of history, you can understand why the hereditary genealogy of the ancient emperors can be drawn so clearly to Zhou, because at that time the surname was still very noble and rare, and almost all the owners of the surname could go down in history.

Surnames are introduced into the homes of ordinary people in a very traditional way. Most people are nostalgic for their homeland, so that many small kingdoms have disappeared and the name of the country has become a surname; There are also those who take the surname of the patriarch of their own clan as their surname, or are given a surname, and so on.

In order to distinguish the various clans, surnames were created.

1, many regimes established by the surname Li in ancient times, especially the Tang Dynasty, as a royal family, of course, had a large number of people. 2. Due to various reasons, there are many people of other ethnicities who change their surnames to Li. The surname Li is the surname with the largest population of contemporary Chinese, and the contemporary population of the surname Li has reached more than 95 million, making it the largest surname in China, accounting for about 7 9 of the country's population.

1. From the surname Ying, he is a descendant of Emperor Gaoyang. When Yao, Gaotao once held the position of Dali (the official in charge of the prison), and his son Boyi was given the surname Ying, and the descendants of the descendants inherited the position of Dali for three generations. There are two ways to say that Lee changed to Lee.

One theory is: during the Shang Dynasty, the descendants of Gaotao Li Zheng, as an official in the court, because of the direct advice offended the king of Shang, and was executed, his wife Qi and the family fled with his son Lizhen, because of eating plums to satisfy hunger, so he did not dare to be reasonable, so he changed his surname to Li. Another way to put it is:

According to the record of "Surname Strategy", there was no Li family before Zhou, since there was Lao Tzu's surname Li, Ming'er, a descendant of Li Zhen, because the ancestors were officials for the previous generation, and the words Li and Li were intertwined, so they also took Li as their name. Obviously, the Li family began with Li Er's surname. 2. Change the surname from another ethnic group.

During the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liangping mourned and gave the local ethnic minorities Zhao, Zhang, Yang, Li and other surnames. Xianbei has a compound surname Li, and after sinicization, it was changed to a single surname in Chinese characters. It is for the Luoyang Li family.

3, from his surname changed to Li. According to relevant information, the founding fathers of the Tang Dynasty had 16 clans, including the Xu family, the An family, the Du family, the Guo family, the Ma family, and the Xian Yu family, and they were given the surname Li from the Tang State for their meritorious service. Migration distribution The clan lived in eastern Henan for 200 years from the end of the Shang dynasty to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

In the Western Han Dynasty, a branch of the Li clan moved to the territory of present-day Shandong, about the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were Li clan people who successively migrated to the southwest, distributed in the Sichuan brigade or, Yunnan area, some of them integrated into the Bai, Miao, Zhuang, Yi, Manchu, Hui, Tujia, Naxi and other ethnic groups. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Li family was already the surname of the whole country, and the Cui, Lu, Li, and Zheng of the Central Plains were called the four famous families, but before the Tang Dynasty, they were mainly developed in the north. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of China's feudal society, and Li, as the national surname, was the most noble.

Historical celebrities Li Anshi, Li Ao, Li Bai, Li Baiyao, Li Zaoxu Bangyan, Li Chengdong, Li Chengliang, Li Chong, Li Chong, Li Chuwen, Li Di, Li Dian, Li Tiaoyuan, Li Dingguo, Li Dongyang, Li Fangying, Li Jieyan Wu Fang, Li Feilong, Li Fengbao, Li Fu, Li Gu, Li Guan, Li Guangbi, Li Guangdi, Li Guang, Li Hua, Li Huaixian, Li Tao, Li Jifu, Li Jiqian.

In the three generations of antiquity, the surname and the first name were not the same thing. The surname is derived from the surname. From the Han Dynasty onwards, surnames were mixed into one. Most of our modern Chinese surnames have been passed down from generation to generation thousands of years ago.

Considering its origin, it can be roughly divided into 12 categories: taking the surname as the first name. The surname was produced as a symbol of the clan tribe during the clan commune period, and some of its descendants directly inherited it as the clan.

The matriarchal clan society had the mother as the surname, so many surnames at that time were next to the female character. Such as Ji, Jiang, Ji, Yao, etc.

Named after the country. As we are familiar with, the vassal states of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period: Qi, Lu, Jin, Song, Kai, Zheng, Wu, Yue, Qin, Qing, Sun Yu, Chu, Wei, Han, Zhao, Wei, Yan, Chen, Cai, Cao, Hu, Xu, etc., have all become common surnames today.

1. The origin of surnames can be traced back to the matriarchal clan system of primitive human society, so many of the earliest surnames in China are next to or bottom of female characters, such as the surname Yao. A surname is used as a specific symbol to distinguish a clan, such as the name of a tribe or the name of a tribal leader.

2. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor lived on the shore of Ji Water and took Ji as his surname; Emperor Yan lives next to Jiang Shui and takes Jiang as his surname. Huangtian took Dayu's merit in controlling the water, and gave him the surname as his wife. In addition, the son of a tribal leader may also receive a surname.

The Yellow Emperor had twenty-five sons, and the surname was Ayan 14 people, who were Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Ren, Xun, Bao, Xi, Yao, Yi, and Yi 12 surnames, of which four belonged to the second surname.

3. After Zhu Rong, he was known as Zhu Rong's eight surnames, including himself, Dong, Peng, Bald, Fei, Cao, Xu, and Mi.

There are many surnames in China, and some are mysterious and precious because they are rare. Today we will take a look at some rare surnames in China, as well as some examples of celebrities with rare surnames.

First of all, let's take a look at the surname "Zeng", which is a relatively rare surname, according to the encyclopedia's Tongpei ruler quarrel, the surname Zeng is very widely distributed in China, but the proportion of the population is not very high. There are many famous people in history, such as Zeng Guofan, a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty.

Next, let's take a look at the surname "Chen", which is also a very rare surname. It is said that the surname Chen first appeared in the Qin State during the Warring States Period, but it is now very rare. Representatives of the surname Chen include the famous general Chen Zong of the Southern Song Dynasty and Chen Shizhong, the prime minister of the Ming Dynasty.

There is also a relatively rare surname "Miao", the origin of this surname can be traced back to the Warring States period, and according to legend, it is a descendant of Miao Xiangru, a doctor of the Jin Kingdom during the Spring and Autumn Period. The surname Miao is more common in southern China, but it is rarer in the north. The representative figures of the surname Miao include the Ming Dynasty writer Miao Yingdeng and the Qing Dynasty writer Miao Zhongen.

In addition, there are some surnames that are less difficult but very distinctive, such as the surname "Lan", the surname "Zhai", the surname "Wu", the surname "Jiang" and so on. These surnames have a long history and profound cultural connotations, representing a part of traditional Chinese culture.

For example, the surname "Lan" is a very unique surname, according to the data of Encyclopedia, there are less than 20,000 people in the country with the surname Lan.