Whether Wang Anshi s change of law is really beneficial to the country and the people

First, the reform of the economic system in the reform of the law has harmed the core interests of the scholar class.

The Northern Song Dynasty literati and doctor group represented the interests of big landlords and big businessmen, and the so-called righteous men and gentlemen, even if they had clean sleeves, imitated Liang Ji, and the family behind them was either rich or noble. The Song Dynasty did not restrict the annexation of land and scumbags, and there were very few official fields, so the annexation of the landlord class became a common practice. The following is an example of how the Qingmiao Law, the Fangtian Tax Law, and the Shiyi Law in Wang Anshi's reform law infringed on the interests of the scholars, bureaucrats, and landlords.

1. The Qingmiao Law: inhibited the land annexation and usury income of the powerful landlords.

The BIBS Act is actually to turn ** into a loanable bank. Every year, when the seedlings are not harvested, farmers can borrow from ** and wait until the harvest is harvested, and then return it. The Seedlings Law (40% interest) replaced the usury of the landlord class in the market (about 100,200% interest) and restricted the exploitation of the peasants by the usury of the big landlords;

In previous years, if the usury peasants could not pay it back, they had to sell their fields and sell their land, so the land was annexed by the big landlords, but after the introduction of the Green Seedling Law, the usury of the big landlords could not be released, and the way of making money through land annexation was also suppressed.

2. Fangtian Tax Law: It restricts the tax evasion behavior of bureaucrats and gentry and large landowners

According to the History of the Song Dynasty, the land registered in the national register decreased sharply from 5.24 million hectares in the Song Zhenzong period to 2.28 million hectares in the Song Renzong period. The tax burden of the state is hollowed out by these moths.

The powerful officials and rich surnames occupy unlimited fields, merge and counterfeit, are accustomed to customs, and heavy prohibitions cannot be prohibited. ”

Yuan took off "History of the Song Dynasty: Food and Goods".

The history of the Song Dynasty records that the bureaucratic and large landlord class occupied countless fields, and annexation and counterfeiting had become customary, and the imperial court could not prohibit it even if it was seriously prohibited.

The Fangtian Average Tax Law is to check and sort out the cultivated land and land taxes that have evaded taxes. Only 3.6 million mu were found in Xining; In addition, the cultivated land of the whole country was re-evaluated, and it was divided into five classes according to the fertility and barrenness, and different taxes were paid at different levels, so that the taxes of the low-income earners were exempted, so that the taxes were more fair. This naturally affected the core interests of the large landlord class.

3. Market Law: It restricts the control of large businessmen over the market, and the interests of businessmen are damaged

The market law is a system used to stabilize prices, and in fact, it has the function of a modern bank and a price bureau. **Raise a certain amount of capital, when the price is low, by **purchase; Wait until the price is **, and then sell. The aim is to prevent monopolies by merchants, to drive up prices, and to achieve capital appreciation in the country.

However, this allowed a large part of the commercial profits that had been monopolized by the big businessmen to be taken over to the state, and the manipulation and monopoly of the market by the big businessmen was struck.

To sum up, the reform of the economic system has seriously affected the economic interests of the bureaucratic landlord class.

Because Wang Anshi's changes only seem to benefit the country and the people, his so-called financial management can be summed up as restricting the way for rich people to make money, so that the country and the poor can benefit. However, under the system of the feudal society of the Biwu Society, the local bureaucracy could not be supervised with prudence and simplicity, and together with the penitence of filial piety or the tolerance of the literati in the Song Dynasty, this was simply a natural soil for corruption among the scholar class.

Because it is not good for the country and the people.

It can be seen from the hands of the people who will come from the question of the predetermined position.

There is no doubt that Wang Anshi chose to change the law for the sake of the country's prosperity and strength. Wang Anshi, with his excellent personal qualities, is extremely honest and simple, and even his political opponents, at this point, cannot find fault with him. From the perspective of integrity, Wang Anshi is especially like the former South Korean ** Park Chung-hee, his personal demands are not high, and his pursuit of living materials is almost equal to zero, which makes Wang Anshi's purpose of changing the law extremely simple, that is, for the prosperity of the country and the prosperity of the people.

At that time, many people opposed the change of the law and attacked Wang Anshi from various aspects, but no one ever attacked Wang Anshi's personal qualities and his personal starting point, so the purpose of Wang Anshi's change was very clear, that is, the country was strong and the people were rich.

In the Great Song Dynasty, whether it was the court or **, extravagance was rampant, and Wang Anshi himself was extremely disgusted by this atmosphere. Wang Anshi invited others to eat, and it was only a few portions of Hu cakes, a ration of cooked meat, and light vegetables, and Wang Anshi was never picky eater, nor did he pay attention to housing and transportation, basic entertainment, that is, careful articles, reading books, and no luxury sports. These personal temperaments can be experienced from Wang Anshi's personal style.

Wang Anshi's style of writing is short and concise, with clear views, rigorous logic, and very penetrating, which shows that Wang Anshi wants to highlight the key points, and acts around the key points, and does his best to benefit the people, so Wang Anshi is better at reasoning articles. However, Wang Anshi has never been understood by the world, and he is also a little discouraged, and his style of writing in his later years has become shy and introverted, which also shows that after Wang Anshi's reform has experienced many blows, he has also begun to feel that facing hard steel is not the basic way to solve the problem, but the need to take a roundabout route to solve the problem.

Wang Anshi implemented a set of changes, theoretically speaking, there is absolutely no error, such as the "green seedling law" to put it bluntly, is to replace the "usury", but in the process of implementation, there are all kinds of problems, the law itself is not wrong, the implementation of the error, should not be blamed on the "law" problem, but the problem of implementation, this is the core of Liu Zongyuan said that the implementation of the law is not in place, if the implementation is not in place, there is no need to change the law, Just find a way to follow through; If the implementation is in place, but there are many problems, it is necessary to completely change the law, but the change is a mutation revolution that needs to pay a heavy price. Wang Anshi's change itself was correct, but he didn't think clearly about how much it cost to change.

Personally, I think that Wang Anshi's change of law does make sense, but it does not point to the core issue, the "weakness" of the Great Song Dynasty, saying a thousand ways and ten thousand, is that extravagance prevails, and it is done from the court to the locality, and ** itself does not make money, they belong to the service industry, so large sums of money must eventually be passed on to the poor, which aggravates the social burden. All kinds of extravagant competitions are prevalent in the local area, and weddings and funerals have reached a unique point, which naturally exacerbates the gap between the rich and the poor, so the root of Souzai lies in the change of social atmosphere, not the problem of "law", so Wang Anshi's overall direction, I personally think that there is a difference.

Wang Anshi's reform was a reform movement of the feudal class, and it was also an economic reform. The main contradiction to be solved by Wang Anshi's reform is the contradiction between the feudal state and some landlord classes, and the problem of financial difficulties is solved. Although the reform of the law achieved certain results, but it violated the interests of the big landlords and big bureaucrats, after the death of Song Shenzong, Sima Guang served as the prime minister, and the new law was almost completely abolished.

Wang Anshi's reform was brewed under the dual predicament of both domestic and foreign countries, and internally it was necessary to solve the problems of uneven land and redundant administration of officials, and externally, it was necessary to solve the current situation of external troubles and weak army for many years. His reform began in the midst of fierce contradictions, advanced in fierce political struggles, and finally ended in party struggles, but did not achieve the desired results, and has been strongly resisted by conservative forces.