How do you evaluate the policy of valuing agriculture and suppressing business?

1. Positive: In the early days of feudal society, the policy of valuing agriculture and suppressing commerce played a positive role in the development of agriculture and social economy, the maintenance of social stability, and the consolidation of the political power of the emerging landlord class. For example, the Shang Dynasty reformed the law, implemented the policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce, and encouraged the development of agricultural production, which promoted the continuous growth of Qin's economic strength and laid the material foundation for the later unification of the six kingdoms by Qin Shi Huang.

2. Negative: The policy of "valuing agriculture and suppressing business" has also led to the continuous annexation of land by the landlords and bureaucrats, resulting in a high degree of land concentration, and the peasants going bankrupt and going into exile, which has affected the development of agricultural production, intensified class contradictions, and caused peasant uprisings to break out continuously. The landlord bureaucracy was also further corrupted by the frenzied annexation of land.

By the Ming and Qing dynasties, the budding capitalism had already emerged in China, but the ruling class still adhered to the policy of "valuing agriculture and suppressing business" and implemented a series of measures that were not conducive to the development of capitalism. These practices have violated the objective law of economic development, led to the backwardness of the country, and caused it to lose its initial positive role.

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The positive effects of valuing agriculture and suppressing business are:

1. In the early days of feudal society, the policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce played a positive role in the development of agriculture and social economy at that time, and on the consolidation of the power of the emerging landlord class (it can be explained by the Shang Yang Reform Law: the Shang Soft Reform Law actively promoted the policy of agricultural warfare, adopted various means to implement the policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing business, and encouraged the development of agricultural production, which promoted the continuous enhancement of the economic strength of the Qin State and laid a material foundation for the unification of the six countries by Qin Shi Huang. In the early Western Han Dynasty, the policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce mobilized the peasants' enthusiasm for production, which was conducive to the recovery and development of the economy in the early Han Dynasty.

2. It ensures the agricultural labor force, promotes the development of agricultural production, is conducive to ensuring the people's livelihood and promoting social and economic development.

3. It is conducive to consolidating the power of the emerging landlords, stabilizing the feudal ruling order, and maintaining the unity of the country.

4. Later period: It also played a certain role in the recovery and development of the economy in the early Ming and Qing dynasties.

The negative effects of heavy agriculture and business suppression are:

1. Artificially severing the connection between agriculture, industry and commerce, hindering the normal development of industry and commerce, and restricting the development of agriculture and handicrafts, resulting in the insufficient development of the entire feudal economy and the long-term continuation of the natural economy, which is one of the important economic reasons why modern China lags behind the West. History shows that agriculture and industry are the "foundation" of the country, and only then will the country become rich and strong.

2. From the perspective of the best behavior and the law of the economy itself, the anti-business policy uses too much administrative means to intervene in the economy, which destroys the law of development of the economy itself and leads to the excessive simplification of the economic structure;

3. In the late feudal society, with the development of agriculture and handicrafts, the circulation and trading of products were inevitable. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the development of productive forces and the activity of the commodity economy, the germ of capitalism in China had already appeared, and at this time, the ruling class still adhered to the policy of valuing agriculture and suppressing business, set the development of commerce and agriculture against each other, and implemented a series of measures that were not conducive to the development of capitalism under the guidance of the policy of valuing agriculture and suppressing business, thus hindering the growth of the budding capitalism, violating the law of economic development, and hindering social progress, thus losing the progressive nature at the beginning of its birth. While the West was trying to expand its domestic and foreign markets, China was restricting commerce and actively closing overseas markets in order to stabilize its rule, so that China lost its vitality for development and could only continue to linger in the Middle Ages until the cannons of the Opium Wars rang out.

Legal Analysis: The essence of the policy of valuing agriculture and suppressing commerce is to maintain the economic foundation of feudal society, and it plays different roles in different periods of China's feudal society. (1) Positive effect:

This policy attached great importance to the development of agriculture, and in the early days of the agricultural era, it played a positive role in the development of agriculture and social economy at that time, and in consolidating the centralized system of the emerging landlord class. Fundamentally speaking, the ideological starting point of attaching importance to agriculture is correct. During the Warring States Period, the provisions of the policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce in the reform law of the Qin State promoted economic development, strengthened the strength of the Qin State, and laid the foundation for the unification of China, which is a typical example.

2) Negative effects: However, with the development of agriculture and handicrafts, the circulation and trading of products are inevitable, and the anti-business policy hinders the circulation of products and hinders the further development of the economy. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, the negative effect of the policy of valuing agriculture and suppressing commerce became the main aspect.

In the middle and late Ming and Qing dynasties, the level of productive forces increased, the commodity economy was unprecedentedly active, and the bud of capitalism had emerged. At the same time, the result of the suppression of commerce forced commercial capital to flow to land, which to a certain extent intensified land annexation, seriously affected the accumulation of commercial capital, and was not conducive to the growth and development of the budding capitalism, which fundamentally caused the backwardness of Chinese society and left China behind the trend of world industrial civilization.

However, the policy of "valuing agriculture and suppressing business" also led to the continuous annexation of land by the landlords and bureaucrats, resulting in a high degree of land concentration, bankruptcies and exile of peasants, which affected the development of agricultural production, intensified class contradictions, and caused peasant uprisings to break out continuously. The landlord bureaucracy was also further corrupted by the frenzied annexation of land. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, the germ of capitalism had already emerged in China, and the ruling class still adhered to the policy of "valuing agriculture and suppressing business" and implemented a series of measures that were not conducive to the development of capitalism.

These practices have violated the objective law of economic development, led to the backwardness of the country, and also caused it to lose its original positive role.

Legal basis: Land Management Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution in order to strengthen land management, maintain the socialist public ownership of land, protect and develop land resources, rationally utilize land, effectively protect cultivated land, and promote sustainable social and economic development.

Article 2 The People's Republic of China implements the socialist public ownership of land, that is, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working masses.

Ownership by the whole people, i.e. ownership of state-owned land is exercised by *** on behalf of the state.

No unit or individual may occupy, buy, sell, or illegally transfer land in any other form. Land use rights may be transferred in accordance with law.

The State may, for the sake of the public interest, expropriate or expropriate land in accordance with the law and provide compensation.

The State implements a system of paid use of state-owned land in accordance with the law. However, the State shall not allocate the right to use state-owned land within the scope prescribed by law.

Legal Analysis: Valuing agriculture and suppressing commerce is the most basic economic guiding ideology of China's feudal dynasties, which advocates attaching importance to agriculture, taking agriculture as the foundation, and restricting the development of industry and commerce. From the incentives for ploughing and warfare stipulated in the Shang Dynasty Reform Law, to the heavy agricultural measures of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, until the adjustment of the recovery economy in the early Qing Dynasty, they are all the embodiment of the policy of heavy agriculture and suppression of business.

Legal basis: Agricultural Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 3 The State shall put agriculture in the first place in the development of the national economy. The basic objectives of agricultural and rural economic development are: to establish a rural economic system that meets the requirements of developing a socialist market economy, to continuously emancipate and develop the rural productive forces, to improve the overall quality and efficiency of agriculture, to ensure the quality and quality of agricultural products, to meet the needs of national economic development, population growth, and improvement of living standards, to raise peasants' incomes and living standards, to promote the transfer of surplus rural labor to non-agricultural industries and towns, to narrow the differences between urban and rural areas and between regions, and to build a rich, democratic, and civilized new socialist countryside. Gradually realize the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.

Article 4 The State shall take measures to ensure that agriculture can better play its role in providing food, industrial raw materials and other agricultural products, maintaining and improving the ecological environment, and promoting rural economic and social development.

It is to attach importance to the development of agriculture and to restrain or restrict the development of industry and commerce.

Its proposition is to attach importance to agriculture, take agriculture as the foundation, and restrict the development of industry and commerce.