How to understand the emergence and evolution of the concept of logistics? 30

How did the Chinese character "stream" come into being and evolve?

As the bearer of enterprise logistics activities, the enterprise logistics organization plays a very important role in the development and competitiveness of modern enterprises. Hans Christian Pouffer believes that the idea of integrated logistics has a great influence on the expansion of organizations. Chinese scholars have also learned from the time experience of the United States, Japan, and Europe, and according to the chronological order, the logistics organizational structure has gone through four stages:

In the stage of decentralized management of functions, there can only be a centralized management stage, an internal integration stage, and a process integration stage. Modern logistics organization mainly adopts three organizational structures: matrix organizational structure, network organizational structure, committee structure and task group structure. In particular, the third-party logistics services, which are very popular now, basically exist in the form of logistics projects.

The concept of the flow of goods is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient and low-cost flow and storage of goods, services and related information from the place of origin to the place of consumption in order to meet the needs of customers. Logistics consists of commodity transportation, early delivery of codiment, warehousing, packaging, handling and unloading, circulation and processing, as well as related logistics information. <

The concept of logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient and low-cost flow and storage of goods, services and related information from the place of origin to the place of consumption in order to meet the needs of customers. Logistics consists of commodity transportation, distribution, warehousing, packaging, handling, circulation processing, and related logistics information.

The reasons for the emergence of the concept of logistics in the international logistics academic community are basically attributed to two views.

1.Economic drivers.

The concept of logistics arose for economic reasons. That is, it originated from people's pursuit of coordinating logistics and related activities in economic activities. As far as logistics itself is concerned, it is composed of many related activities, mainly transportation, storage, packaging, etc., before the concept of logistics was born, enterprises managed these activities separately; As far as the relationship between logistics and related activities is concerned, logistics is very closely linked to production, marketing, and sales, but these links have not been realized before.

2.Military motivation.

The concept of logistics arose for military reasons, and the first time the word logistics was explicitly proposed in the military was in 1905. James. James C. Johnson

Johnson) and Donald. Donald FWood) believes that "the word logistics was first used in the military", he said, in 1905, American Major Jonesy.

Major Chauncey Bbaker: "The branch of the art of war related to the movement of armaments and ** is called 'logistics.'"

Logistics English Name: Logistics Definition: A part of the chain activity is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient and low-cost flow and storage of goods, services and related information from the place of origin to the place of consumption in order to meet the needs of customers.

The concept of logistics was first formed in the United States, originating in the 30s of the 20th century, and originally meant "physical distribution" or "distribution of goods". It was introduced to Japan in 1963 and means "the circulation of things" in Japanese. After the 70s of the 20th century, the term "logistics" in Japan gradually replaced "the distribution of goods".

The Chinese word "logistics" is a foreign word imported from Japanese sources, derived from Japanese sources"logistics"Translation of the word "logistics".

China's logistics terminology standard defines logistics as: logistics is the process of transportation, storage, loading and unloading, packaging, circulation processing, distribution, information processing and other functions organically combined to achieve user requirements in the process of physical flow of goods from the first place to the receiving place according to actual needs.

International logistics, also known as global logistics, refers to an international commodity transaction or exchange activity in which production and consumption are carried out independently in two or more countries, in order to overcome the spatial and temporal distance between production and consumption, and physically move materials, so as to complete the ultimate purpose of international commodity transactions, that is, to achieve the best convection conditions for the seller to deliver documents, goods and collect payment, and the buyer to accept documents, pay for goods and receive goods.

It involves international logistics, non-logistics, international logistics investment, international logistics cooperation, international logistics exchanges, etc.

International logistics is mainly the organization of the reasonable flow of goods in the international arena; Non-** logistics refers to international exhibition and exhibits logistics, international postal logistics, etc.; International logistics cooperation refers to the international logistics in which enterprises from different countries complete major international economic and technological projects; International logistics investment refers to the joint investment of logistics enterprises in different countries to build international logistics enterprises; International logistics exchanges mainly refer to international exchanges in logistics science, technology, education, training and management.

The concept of international logistics:

International logistics refers to the physical flow of goods from the first place of one country (region) to the receiving place of another country (region).

The following concepts are involved:

The scope of international logistics research in a broad sense includes international logistics, non-logistics, international logistics investment, international logistics cooperation, international logistics exchanges and other fields. Among them, international logistics is mainly to designate the organization of the reasonable flow of goods in the international arena; Non-** logistics refers to international exhibition and exhibits logistics, international postal logistics, etc.; International logistics cooperation refers to the international logistics in which enterprises from different countries complete major international economic and technological projects; International logistics investment refers to the joint investment of logistics enterprises in different countries to build international logistics enterprises; International logistics exchanges mainly refer to international exchanges in logistics science, technology, education, training and management.

International logistics (IL) in the narrow sense mainly refers to: when production and consumption are carried out independently in two or more countries (or regions), in order to overcome the spatial and temporal distance between production and consumption, the goods (commodities) are moved logistically An international commodity or exchange activity, so as to complete the ultimate purpose of international commodity transactions, that is, to realize the seller's delivery of documents, goods and receipt of goods.

The essence of international logistics is to realize the international flow and exchange of goods in accordance with the principle of international division of labor and international practice by using international logistics network, logistics facilities and logistics technology, so as to promote the development of regional economy and the optimal allocation of world resources. The overall goal of international logistics is to serve international and transnational operations, that is, to choose the best way and path, with the lowest cost and minimum risk, to ensure quality, quantity and timely transportation of goods from the supplier side of one country to the demand side of another country.

Data development: Compared with domestic logistics, international logistics is different in four aspects: logistics environment, logistics system, information system and standardization requirements. A very important feature of international logistics is the difference in the logistics environment, where the logistics environment mainly refers to the soft environment of logistics.

Different countries have different laws that are adapted to logistics, which makes international logistics more complex; The level of scientific and technological development of different economies in different countries makes international logistics under the support of different scientific and technological conditions, and even because some regions are unable to apply certain technologies, the operation level of the whole international logistics system will decline; The different standards of different countries make it difficult for the international logistics system to establish a unified standard; The national conditions of different countries will inevitably make international logistics very limited.

1. What is logistics?

What is Logistics? Logistics refers to the whole process of planning, implementing and managing raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products and related information from the place of origin of commodities to the place of consumption of commodities through transportation, storage and distribution at the lowest cost in order to meet the needs of customers.

The specific content of logistics activities includes the following aspects:

User service, demand**, order processing, distribution, inventory control, transportation, warehouse management, layout and location of factories and warehouses, handling, handling, procurement, packaging, intelligence information.

2. What is modern logistics?

What is Modern Logistics? Modern logistics not only considers the distribution of goods from producers to consumers, but also considers the procurement of raw materials from the first merchant to the producer, as well as the transportation, storage and information of the producer itself in the manufacturing process of the product, so as to comprehensively and comprehensively improve the economic benefits and efficiency. Therefore, modern logistics is a strategic measure to meet the needs of consumers and unify the market conditions such as manufacturing, transportation and sales.

This is similar to traditional logistics, which sees it only as being"Logistics support system"with"Acting as a bridge in sales activities"The concept has a further meaning in depth and breadth.

In today's e-commerce era, there is a new development trend in the global logistics industry. The core goal of modern logistics services is to meet the needs of customers with the minimum comprehensive cost in the whole process of logistics.

Modern logistics has the following characteristics: the close combination of e-commerce and logistics; Modern logistics is the unity of logistics, information flow, capital flow and talent flow; E-commerce logistics is a combination of informatization, automation, networking, intelligence and flexibility; The standardization of logistics facilities and commodity packaging, and the socialization and mutualization of logistics are also new features of the logistics model under e-commerce.

The continuous development of e-commerce has led to the resurgence of the logistics industry, and the services provided by the logistics industry in the United States have far exceeded those such as warehousing, distribution and transportation. Warehousing, distribution facilities, repair services, electronic tracking, and other value-added services offered by logistics companies are increasing day by day. Logistics service providers are becoming customer service centers, processing and repair centers, information processing centers and financial centers, and it is an evolving concept to add new services according to customer needs.

Compared with the logistics industry in developed countries, China's logistics industry is still in the initial stage of development, and the main characteristics of its development are: first, enterprise logistics is still the focus of logistics activities in the whole society, and the demand for specialized logistics services has begun to emerge, which shows that the development level of China's logistics activities is still relatively low, and strengthening the internal logistics management of enterprises is still the focus of logistics activities in the whole society; Second, specialized logistics enterprises have begun to emerge, and diversified logistics services have developed to a certain extent. It is an urgent task for the development of China's logistics industry to get out of the logistics activity mode based on enterprise self-service and develop third-party logistics.