Can anyone tell me something about Peking Opera

Peking Opera: Also known as "Peking Opera", it is one of the popular opera genres in the country. It has a history of more than 200 years.

Since the 55th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1790), the four Hui tune troupes of Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun, which were originally performed in the south, entered Beijing one after another. "Four Skills and Five Methods": The collective name of the four performance skills of "singing, reading, doing, and fighting" and the five technical methods of "hand-eye-body steps" (one said "mouth, hand, eye, body step").

This is the basic cultivation of opera actors. "Role": In traditional opera, the types of characters are divided according to the different genders, ages, identities, and personalities of the people in the play.

For example, the average man is called born or dead; Older women are called Lao Dan; Men with rough personalities are called shelf flower faces (vice net) and so on. Each has different characteristics in the performing arts. From the perspective of the history of opera, the division of roles has gradually changed from simple to complex.

Most of the modern opera genres are based on the basic types of sheng, dan, jing, end, and ugly, and each has a relatively detailed division. Such as life is divided into old students, small students, and martial students; Dan is divided into Tsing Yi, Hua Dan, Lao Dan, Wu Dan and so on. Actors often specialize in one type of role, and thus form a variety of specialized professions.

Traditionally, roles and trades are common. "Bump Lottery": An opera term.

It means that as soon as the actor comes out of the curtain, the audience will greet him with warm applause, commonly known as "meeting lottery". Ticket holders: opera, opera art language.

It is a common term for non-professional opera performers and musicians. Legend has it that in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the children of the Eight Banners sang the children's books in various places with the "dragon tickets" issued by the Qing court, engaged in propaganda, and did not get paid. The fandom of the ticket fans is called the "box office".

The performance of ticket holders is called "ticket play". Ticket holders turned professional actors are called "going to the sea". The Four Great Susheng refers to the four Peking Opera Xusheng (old students) actors who became famous in the 30s, namely Ma Lianliang, Tan Fuying, Yang Baosen, and Xi Xiaobo

In 1936, Beijing's "Liyan Daily" held a public vote to elect Li Shifang, Zhang Junqiu, Mao Shilai, and Song Dezhu, who were in the Peking Opera at that time or had not yet completed their studies, as the "Four Great Tong Ling". In 1940, under the influence of the four famous Dans, the above four people were re-elected as the "Four Little Famous Dans". The Four Famous Dans:

The four Peking Opera actors who became famous in the twenties are Mei Lanfang, Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqiu, and Xun Huisheng. "Martial arts": refers to percussion in musical instruments.

Such as Peking opera's big gongs, small gongs, cymbals, drums, etc. In the past, it also referred to percussion musicians as "bunba": to refer to the various orchestral pieces in which instruments are blown, played, and played.

Such as the huqin, southern strings, yueqin, flute, suona and so on of Peking Opera. In the past, it also referred to musicians, fluteists, etc., who played these instruments.

Peking Opera, also known as Peking Opera, is one of the genres of Chinese opera. Peking Opera was formed in Beijing in the mid-19th century, integrating Hui opera and Han opera, and absorbing the advantages of Qin dialect, Kunqu opera, Bangzi, Yiyang dialect and other arts. After the formation of Peking Opera, it achieved unprecedented prosperity in the Qing Dynasty court.

The tone of Peking Opera is dominated by Xipi and Erhuang, mainly accompanied by huqin, gongs and drums, etc., and is regarded as the quintessence of China. In 2010, Peking Opera was inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

The name of Peking Opera began to be seen in the "Declaration" in the second year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1876), and there were titles such as Pi Huang, Er Huang, Huang Cavity, Beijing Tune, Peking Opera, Ping Opera, National Opera, etc., in the 55th year of Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1790), the four major Hui troupes of Anhui entered Beijing and passed through the Kunqu Opera, Han Opera, Yiyang, Random Bullet and other operas in the Beijing Opera Circle.

After 50 or 60 years of integration, it evolved into Peking Opera, which is the largest opera genre in China.

Some trivia about Peking Opera.

Introduction: Peking Opera is regarded as the quintessence of China and is included in the "Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity", which has spread throughout the country and the world, and has become an important medium for introducing and disseminating traditional Chinese art and culture to the outside world. The following are some small knowledge about Peking Opera that I have carefully compiled for you, welcome to refer to it!

Peking Opera**

1. The singing voice of Peking Opera belongs to the plate variant, with Erhuang and Xipi as the main vocal cavities. Erhuang's melody is stable, the rhythm is soothing, and the singing tone is more dignified, vigorous and steady, which is suitable for expressing depressed, solemn, sad and indignant emotions. Sipi's melody fluctuates greatly, the rhythm is compact, and the singing tone is relatively smooth, light, bright and lively, which is suitable for expressing cheerful, resolute and resentful emotions.

2. The plate type of Peking Opera refers to the structure of the singing cavity. In general, there are four types of plate eye forms: one-eye plate (equivalent to four or two beats); Three-eyed office, (equivalent to four or four beats); No eye plate (equivalent to 41 or 81 beats); Loose plate (neither plate nor eye).

In the various sound chambers, the original is the basis for change. In addition to the original, there are also slow boards, fast three-eyed, guide plates, loose plates, assembly boards, etc.

3. The accompaniment of Peking Opera is called "scene". The scene is divided into two parts: "Wenchang" and "Wuchang". The literary field is an orchestral part, mainly accompanied by singing, in addition to playing instrumental music cards and passages**.

The martial arts field is a percussion instrument, which is mainly used to perform with the body, express the thoughts and emotions of the characters, set off the stage atmosphere, and organically coordinate and unify the singing, chanting, and fighting.

The trade of Peking Opera

1. Peking Opera can be divided into four professions: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. The raw behavior is a male character, which can be subdivided into old students, small students, baby students, martial artists, red students, etc. Dan is a female figure, which can be subdivided into Tsing Yi, Zhengdan, Hua Dan, Dao Ma Dan, Lao Dan and so on.

2. Male characters with special personalities such as majestic, rough, and bold behavior, which can be subdivided into flower faces (copper hammers, black heads), shelf flower faces, martial flower faces, etc. Ugly villains or witty and funny characters, which can also be subdivided into literary ugly, martial ugly, etc.

Modern Peking Opera

1. Broadly speaking, all Peking Opera that reflects real life after the May Fourth Movement to the present day can be regarded as modern Peking Opera. Such as Mei Lanfang's "Waves of the Sea of Evil", "Anti-Gold Soldiers", Cheng Yanqiu's "Tears of the Barren Mountain", "Tears of Green Frost" and so on.

2. In a narrow sense, it is a new Peking Opera created after the founding of the People's Republic of China, under the guidance of the "Double Hundred Policy", through the reform of Chinese opera, and from the perspective of historical materialism, which reflects the real life of society. Such as: "Hai Jui's Dismissal", "Red Lantern", "Shajiabang" and so on.

Primary school students must know the following common knowledge of Peking Opera:

1. Peking Opera was once known as Ping Opera, one of the five major opera gods in China. It is regarded as the quintessence of China.

2. Hui Opera is the predecessor of Peking Opera. Since the 55th year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1790), the four major Hui troupes have entered Beijing one after another, and they have cooperated with Han artists from Hubei, and at the same time accepted some repertoire, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Qin dialect, folk tunes, and finally formed Peking Opera through continuous exchanges and integration.

3. Peking Opera divides the characters on the stage into four types: sheng, dan, pure and ugly. The term for these four types in Peking Opera is called "Xingdang" (in the past, there was another method of branching: sheng, dan, jing, end, and ugly.

Among them, the "end" is the role of a middle-aged man. Now the "last" line has gradually been subsumed into the "raw" line).

4. Sheng: A general term for male positive characters other than flower faces and harlequins. Tell the old students, martial artists, small students, red students, and doll students.

5. Dan: A general term for positive female roles. Divided into Tsing Yi (Zhengdan), Hua Dan, Boudoir Dan, Dao Ma Dan, Wu Dan, Cai Dan.

6. Net: Commonly known as flower face, most of them play male characters with some peculiarities in personality, quality or appearance, with makeup and face, loud timbre and rough style. It is divided into Zhengjing, shelf flower, Wu Erhua, beating flower, and oil flower.

7. Ugly: Playing a comedy role, because he smeared a small piece on the bridge of his nose, he is commonly known as a small flower face. Fen Chou, Wu Chou, etc.

Peking Opera is a traditional drama centered in Beijing and throughout China.

Peking Opera, with its accent dominated by Xipi and Erhuang, accompanied by huqin, gongs and drums, is regarded as the quintessence of China and ranks first in the "list" of the three tripods of Chinese opera. Hui Opera is the predecessor of Peking Opera. The most representative Chinese Peking Opera performing arts masters include Tan Xinpei, Mei Lanfang, etc.

In 2006, Peking Opera was inscribed on the National Intangible Heritage List.

The predecessor of Peking Opera was a Hui troupe that was popular in the south of the Yangtze River in the early Qing Dynasty and mainly sang and blew the tone, high pluck, and erhuang. The Hui troupe has strong mobility, frequent contact with other operas, and exchanges and infiltrates each other in the vocal cavity, so it has also played a lot of Kun opera in the development process, and has also absorbed the cavity and some other miscellaneous songs.

In addition to the natural attributes (gender, age) and social attributes (identity, occupation) of the characters, the division of Peking Opera is mainly based on the personality characteristics of the characters. The Peking Opera Troupe used to have the saying of "Seven Elements and Seven Branches": the seven elements are the life line, the Dan line (also known as the occupation line), the net line, the ugly line, the miscellaneous line, the martial line, and the popular.

Everything on the stage of Peking Opera does not appear according to the original appearance of life. The characters on the stage of Peking Opera do not appear according to the original appearance of people in life, but according to the gender, personality, age, occupation and social status of the characters played, some artistic exaggerations are added in makeup and costumes, so that the characters on the stage are divided into four types: sheng, dan, pure and ugly. The special noun for these four types in Peking Opera is called "Xingdang".