What are the essentials of growing watermelon and what are the methods of growing watermelon?

Watermelon planting essentials:

1. Preparation of nutrient soil:

There are many methods for the preparation of nutrient soil, commonly used 2 3 peaty soil plus 1 3 field soil that has not been planted with melons mixed well and sifted, or 1 3 rotten farmhouse fertilizer plus 2 3 field soil. Add 2kg of superphosphate to each square of soil, disinfect with 800 times carbendazim, or fumigate with formaldehyde.

Second, soaking seeds to promote germination:

It can be soaked in 55 warm water for sterilization, and the water temperature drops to about 30 constantly. After soaking for 4 hours, wash the seeds, and then wrap them tightly in a damp towel and place them in an environment for about 30 years to germinate.

3. Sowing: the day before sowing, 800 times methyl tobujin solution should be used to water the seedling soil, when the seed buds grow to about one, sow in the seedling tray, the seeds should be placed flat, the bud tip is upward, the top cover is fine and the nutrient soil is thick, and the seedling tray is watered with 800 times methyl tobujin solution, and the temperature is kept at 25 30 to ensure that the seedlings emerge neatly. After emergence, the temperature can be kept at 18 28.

The seedbed is better than wet. In early spring, frost damage should be prevented and sufficient sunlight should be ensured. In summer, seedlings should be prevented from growing in high temperatures.

Fourth, cultivated drainage:

Cultivating is to start after sowing seedlings or planting seedlings, generally a combination of seedlings, loose soil, and soil cultivation, and watering should be less at the seedling stage, pay attention"Squatting seedlings"to facilitate root growth; When the vine is 30 cm long, chase heavy fertilizer once and then cultivate the soil.

5. Top dressing: The basic principles of top dressing in melon fields are: light application of seedling fertilizer, first promotion and then control, skillful application of vine fertilizer, and re-application of expanded melon fertilizer after sitting on young fruits.

6. Pruning: Watermelon vines are luxuriant, if they are allowed to grow, melon vines overlap each other, not only affect dense planting, but also delay melon formation.

7. Artificially assisted pollination:

Watermelon is a cross-pollinated crop that relies on insects as vectors, and when rainy weather or insect activity is low, it will affect pollen dispersal and is not easy to set fruit. In order to improve the fruit setting rate and achieve the ideal node fruit set and melon retention, artificial assisted pollination should be carried out.

8. Stay melon: generally stay first.

Second, the third female flower bears melon.

9. Pest control:

The main diseases of watermelon are wilt, anthracnose, virus disease, powdery mildew, blight, and the main insect pests are small tigers, aphids, red spiders, yellow gourds, melon maggots, leaf miner flies, etc.

Seven taboos for watermelon fertilization One taboo: a single application of a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Watermelon fertilization pays the most attention to the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, if a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied alone, the plant is very easy to grow, which is not conducive to flowering and fruit development.

Practice has proved that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at the seedling stage should be 1:, and the vine extension stage should be:

1:, the peak growth period of melons is: 1:.

Two taboos: apply chlorine-containing fertilizers. Watermelon is a chlorine-resistant crop, and the application of chlorine-containing fertilizers will affect the accumulation of sugar and make the melon taste lighter.

Three taboos: excessive application of human feces and urine. Excessive application of human feces and urine is easy to cause plant growth, making it difficult to sit on melons, and the melon skin is thick and sour.

Four taboos: fertilization of the topsoil layer. Watermelon top dressing should pay attention to deep application, timely soil covering after application, especially nitrogen fertilizer, if the surface application, nitrogen is easy to volatilize ammonia, harm the leaves, and reduce fertilizer efficiency.

Five taboos: fertilization in rainy weather. In rainy weather, the air humidity is high and the soil moisture content is high, so fertilization at this time will not only cause fertilizer to be lost, but also easy to cause watermelon to grow.

Six taboos: the fertilization site is too close to the roots. The fertilization part of watermelon is generally required to be about 10 cm away from the taproot, and it is easy to burn the roots if it is too close.

Seven taboos: top dressing in drought. The weather is dry and the soil moisture content is low, and the application of chemical fertilizers at this time will cause the cytoplasmic solution of the root cells to penetrate outward, resulting in physiological lack of water and death of the plants.

1. Mulching cultivationThis is currently the most common planting method in China, there are two ways: "covering the film after direct seeding" and "planting melon seedlings bred in advance after covering the film".

At present, some places adopt the cultivation method of "covering the sky first and then covering the ground" with plastic film. The watermelon covered with plastic film is planted after frost in mid-April, and the harvest period is 7 to 15 days earlier than that of the open field, and the yield can be about 30% higher, generally dominated by medium-ripening or medium-early ripening varieties.

2. Live broadcast on the open field: After the Qingming Festival, it basically enters the frost-free period, the temperature rises quickly, and the open watermelon can be seeded with dry seeds, or with large buds after germination. This planting method does not seek early maturity, but mainly high-yield cultivation, and generally selects high-quality large-fruited and high-yield varieties with early maturity or medium and late maturity.

3. Greenhouse cultivation: The thermal insulation effect of the greenhouse is good, and the watermelon greenhouse cultivation can be planted in advance, and the price is high. The greenhouse watermelon seedling period is generally late December and early January, the planting period is early to mid-February, and the market is in late April and early May, and two melons can be harvested.

The watermelon cultivated in this way is aimed at pursuing the best quality and high efficiency, but due to the unstable climate, the requirements for varieties are stricter.

4. Multi-layer mulching cultivation of plastic greenhouses: Greenhouse multi-layer coverage refers to the "greenhouse two membrane arch shed mulch", some places are also covered with grass on the arch shed, the insulation effect is better, and it is more conducive to the early market of watermelon.

5. Small arch shed cultivation: It is based on plastic film covering, which is generally arch shed and plastic film covering. Most of the first seedlings after planting, can be planted in mid to late March, if the night in the shed covered with grass, the planting period can be advanced to early March, generally in early June can be listed, because the market early, can also leave two melons, the economic benefits are higher.

1. How to plant watermelons 1. Choose to plant watermelons in sandy soil with deep soil, loose and fertile soil, good drainage performance and convenient irrigation. Before sowing, the field should be trimmed and sufficient basal fertilizer should be applied, generally with high-quality organic fertilizer and cake fertilizer as the main fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer. Excavate compartment ditches, waist ditches, and surrounding ditches to improve the drainage and irrigation system of the field.

2. Water the melon field thoroughly in the afternoon of the day before sowing, and the density should be reasonable when sowing. Watermelon is divided into early, medium, and late-ripening, generally early-ripening watermelons can be sown around March, medium-ripening watermelons can be sown in April-June, and late-ripening watermelons can generally be sown and cultivated around July. 3. The water requirement is relatively low in the watermelon seedling stage, so try to water less or no watering, so that the seedlings can form a developed root system.

Be careful not to prune on rainy days to avoid infection. When the vine grows to about 50 cm, you can press the vine with soil, pressing it once every 3-4 knots, and pressing each vine 2-3 times. 4. Control the amount of watering before flowering and fruit setting to prevent crazy growth.

After fruit set, it is necessary to ensure sufficient moisture**, which will help the fruit to expand and increase weight. When the young melon grows to the size of an egg, apply the puffed melon fertilizer in time according to the growth of the plant.

Second, early spring watermelon seedling technology 1, early spring watermelon seedlings should be suitable for sowing, generally now in mid to late March when sowing is better. Before sowing, the seeds are dressed with a new high-fat film (which can be mixed with seed coating agent), which can repel underground pests and diseases, isolate virus infection, do not affect the germination and swelling function, strengthen the respiratory intensity, and thus improve the seed germination rate. 2. You can take the hotbed agricultural film arch shed seedlings, the seedlings should be covered more and less in the middle and late stages, day and night, 3-5 days before transplanting, you can uncover the film and refine the seedlings around the clock, which is conducive to cultivating healthy and stout melon seedlings.

3. Watermelon seedling sheds should be built in a place with leeward sunrise, high terrain, smooth drainage and convenient management. The north wall is compacted with earth, and the south is pressed with wooden boards and bricks to facilitate the lifting of the film for aeration, and the straw curtains and quilts are prepared to protect against the cold. 4. Soak the watermelon seeds in warm water at 55 for about 15 minutes, and stir the seeds continuously during the soaking process, which can kill the germs on the surface of the seeds.

Then soak the seeds in water for about 2 hours, let the seeds absorb enough water to sink, then take out the seeds and wash them, wrap them with clean gauze and place them for 30 years for germination. 5. During the seedling period, the appropriate temperature should be mastered according to the different stages of the seedlings, and the temperature should be higher before the seedlings emerge. The temperature is controlled at 30-35 during the day, and the straw curtain and quilt should be covered at night, and the temperature should be controlled above 14, and the temperature should be controlled at 20-22 immediately after 70%-80% of the seeds are broken, and the temperature can be controlled at about 15 at night.

Watermelon is a warm and dry plant that is not cold tolerant. The suitable growth temperature is 25, and the normal growth temperature should be controlled above 32 to meet its normal growth. You can choose some areas with a large temperature difference between day and night to grow watermelons.

This watermelon is high in sugar, mainly because of the sun, so I like the sun very much. If there is not enough sunlight, it may lead to a lack of sweetness in the watermelon and a lower yield. So, this is something to take into account when choosing a land.

In the normal growth process of watermelon, due to the large yield, the demand for nutrients is also very large, and every 100 kilograms of watermelon will absorb kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer, kilograms of phosphorus fertilizer, and kilograms of potassium fertilizer.

Extended information: After the seedlings grow up, the growers are required to observe and deal with them in time to increase the yield appropriately. When the local area rises to about 30 cm, a large amount of fertilization is applied.

It is also necessary to carry out some watering work properly, and it is also necessary to pay attention to it. If it has been a rainy day in the last few days, you must pay attention to draining the water in time to avoid the fruit soaking in stagnant water and causing rot.

Also pay attention to stop watering a week before the fruit is ripe, because at this time the sugar inside the watermelon can be transformed, and the sweetness of the watermelon can be appropriately increased.

Planting methods and steps for planting watermelon: first you need to select and prepare the land, then carry out seed treatment and germination, sowing and planting, and finally transplanting and planting.

1. Land selection and land preparation

Watermelon is more suitable for planting in neutral fields, but if you want to achieve high yield and high harvest of watermelon, you should choose a plot with loose and permeable soil, fertile and deep soil, high organic matter content, sufficient light, high terrain, and convenient drainage and irrigation. In the finishing of watermelon planting land, it is generally prepared before the winter of the previous year, and 20-30 days before the watermelon sowing in the spring of the next year, it is necessary to carry out two deep ploughing and finishing, fertilization and furrowing.

2. Seed treatment and germination:

High-quality seeds are the basis for achieving excellent and high yields of watermelons. Before sowing, the watermelon seeds should be dried, and after the sun, they should be soaked in water, and then the mucous membrane on the watermelon seeds should be rubbed off, and the last step should be soaked again with a professional soaking solution, and the second soaking time is slightly longer than the first time. Wrap the seeds in a damp towel until white.

3. Sowing and planting:

After the watermelon seeds are sprouted and exposed, they can be evenly sown in the ditch, and then covered with a thin layer of soil to protect the seeds. After sowing, it is necessary to pay attention to spraying and watering, and if necessary, it can also be covered with plastic film or straw straw for heat preservation and moisturizing, so as to promote the germination and emergence of seeds as soon as possible.

4. Transplanting and colonization:

The transplanting and planting standard of watermelon is three leaves and one heart, and it can also be transplanted and planted when the seedling height is 10-15 cm, and the planting density can be carried out according to the plant spacing of about 40 cm.

The technology of planting watermelon starts from the aspects of germination, seedling raising, timely sowing, etc., and the methods of planting watermelon include the management of the slow seedling period and the management of the vine extension stage.

1. The technology of planting watermelon.

Germination: When germination, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature of germination is about 30. Use a soaked cloth to wrap the seeded watermelon seeds that have been processed. The germination process is observed to ensure that the germ is ready to be sown when the length of the germ is reached.

Seedling: The sowing of watermelon is divided into direct seeding and seedling transplanting. In the process of seedling transplanting, it is necessary to use the help of a nutrient bowl, so as to avoid damage to the root system of the plant as much as possible.

Soil should choose the soil with moderate viscosity, the fertilizer can use cake fertilizer or farmhouse fertilizer after decay, the ratio of soil and fertilizer should be 7:3, and an appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and fungicide need to be added.

Sowing at the right time: The ground temperature of the planting area can be kept above 15 to sow seeds, but the sowing time can also be selected according to the situation and planting method. The planting density depends on the variety, but the standard is 400 700 seedlings per 667 species.

2. How to grow watermelons.

Management of the seedling period: During the seedling period, if the amount of water planted is sufficient, do not water. If the watermelon seedlings are relatively small, they should be covered with plastic film and open holes within 15 days after planting to ensure that the seedlings can stretch out of the plastic film, and cover the surroundings with an appropriate amount of soil in time to control the temperature in the greenhouse within a reasonable range.

Extension period management: control the temperature in the greenhouse, do not exceed 28 during the day, and about 15 at night. Make sure that the water is fully watered and thoroughly watered.

If the drought is severe, wait until the melon vines grow to about 40cm before watering. In order to improve the yield of watermelon, the method of three-vine pruning can be used for vine pressing.

The growing environment and distribution range of watermelon

Watermelon likes a warm, dry climate, is not cold-tolerant, the optimal temperature for growth and development is 24-30 degrees, the optimal temperature for root growth and development is 30-32 degrees, and the minimum temperature for root hair is 14 degrees. Watermelons require a large temperature difference between day and night during growth and development. Watermelon is drought-tolerant and not humidity-tolerant, and when there are many rainy days, the humidity is too high and it is susceptible to disease.

Watermelons love light, and watermelons have a long growth period, so they need a lot of nutrients. With the growth of the plant, the amount of fertilizer required by the watermelon gradually increases, and reaches the maximum value when the fruit grows vigorously. Watermelon has strong adaptability, and the sandy soil with loose soil, deep soil layer and good drainage is the best.

Likes weak acidity, pH 5-7.

It is cultivated all over China, and there are many varieties, exocarp, pulp and seeds in various forms, and the hail and Nada places such as Xinjiang, Lanzhou in Gansu, Dezhou in Shandong, and Liyang in Jiangsu are the most famous. Its original species may come from slow spring Africa, and has been widely cultivated in the tropical to temperate zones of the world for a long time, and was introduced to China in the Jin and Yuan dynasties.