Watermelon planting and fertilization technology, how to fertilize watermelon

Watermelon fertilization is divided into base fertilizer and top dressing, among which top dressing is divided into top dressing at seedling stage, top dressing at vine extension stage and top dressing at fruit expansion stage.

In the seedling stage, if the bottom fertilizer is sufficient, there is basically no need to carry out top dressing, specifically according to the plant growth and soil fertility for fertilization, generally when the plant grows 3-4 true leaves, top dressing can be carried out, about 10 kg of urea can be applied per mu, note, should not be too close to the root, about 10-20cm of fertilization, in order to prevent root burning.

1) The amount of fertilizer can be increased appropriately according to the growth of watermelon, and when the melon vine grows to 40-50 cm, in order to promote the growth of the melon vine, a bag of water-soluble fertilizer per mu can be applied together, which can be combined with watering.

2) If the plant is applied with sufficient basal fertilizer and seedling fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied less, in the vine extension period, in order to avoid watermelon growth too vigorous, affect fruit set, fertilizer should be applied early, in the middle and late stage of vine extension basically do not need top dressing.

1) In the watermelon expansion period fertilizer needs a relatively large amount, must be applied in a timely manner, mainly phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied together, is conducive to promoting fruit expansion, thereby improving watermelon yield, this stage of fertilizer amount accounts for 50 of the amount of top dressing, generally can be divided into 2 applications.

2) Wait until about 4-5 days after the plant flowers, when the fruit grows to the size of an egg, carry out a top dressing, and wait until about half a month after the flowering, when the fruit grows to the size of the bowl, use the method of hole application to carry out another top dressing.

Watermelon-based fertilizer should consider comprehensive factors such as fertilizer demand, soil fertility, variety characteristics, etc., and it is best to use soil testing formula for fertilization. The northern base fertilizer is generally applied 3 5 cubic meters of manure per mu or 1000 1500 kg of manure, plus 40 60 kg of urea and 10 15 kg of potassium sulfate, the amount of fertilizer accounts for about 50% 60% of the total fertilizer, and the cultivated soil is applied deeply. The amount of basal fertilizer applied in the south is small, generally accounting for about 30% of the total fertilizer, and most of them are mixed with organic fertilizers such as fast-acting fertilizer and manure and cake fertilizer, and the fertilization depth is also shallow.

After applying basal fertilizer, it should also be done lightly with seedling fertilizer, skillfully with vine fertilizer, and heavy with fruit fertilizer. At the seedling stage, a small amount of fast-available nitrogen fertilizer was applied to promote root development and accelerate the growth of shoots. The vine extension period should be based on the growth of the plant, in order to promote the rapid growth of stems and leaves without causing the plant to grow too vigorously.

When most of the plants have borne fruit, the young fruit eggs should be fertilized when they are large. Fruit fertilizer can be applied for the second time when the fruit grows to a diameter of 15 25 cm, and 7 10 kg of urea and 5 6 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu. Stop fertilizing 1 week before harvest.

Watermelon cultivation and fertilization techniques.

1. Botanical characteristics of watermelon.

Watermelon has a strong root system and is deeply distributed. The main root is more than 1 m deep, the lateral root is flattened up to more than 3 m, and the root group is mainly distributed in the tillage layer 20-30 cm deep.

Watermelon does not have strict soil requirements, but it is most suitable for deep soil, well-drained, relatively fertile loam and sandy loam. Watermelon is sensitive to soil acidity, and when the soil pH is low, more organic fertilizer or lime should be applied to improve it, or acid-tolerant watermelon varieties should be planted.

Second, the nutritional characteristics of watermelon.

1. Ripe watermelon fruit contains 86-95% moisture per 100g pulp, total sugar, and is also rich in inorganic salts and vitamins. These components vary from place to place, especially with the level of fertilization.

2. The characteristics of fertilizer need to absorb n:; p2o5：；k2o：

kg。According to the yield of 5000kg per mu, n:, p2o5: should be invested per mu

k2o：。Watermelon is different from the growth period in that the amount of nutrients absorbed is different. If the nutrient uptake accounts for the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at the germination stage, the nutrient uptake at the seedling stage accounts for the total, the absorption is accelerated at the vine extraction stage, and the nutrient uptake accounts for about 85% of the total uptake at the melon setting stage.

3. Conventional fertilization with high yields.

Plantar fertilizer: 3000-5000kg of manure or high-quality circle fertilizer, 15-20kg of ammonium nitrate, 30-50kg of superphosphate, and 5-10kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu. The above-mentioned fertilizer is intensively applied in the melon ditch.

In addition to the bottom fertilizer, top dressing should also be carried out according to the growth of seedlings. Top dressing is carried out at the vine extension stage, and 1000kg of human urine or 10-15kg of ammonium nitrate nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied to each hole. Note that the application of nitrogen fertilizer should not exceed 50kg, otherwise it will affect the quality of watermelon.

Fourth, the application method of high-quality biological fertilizer.

1. 150kg of base fertilizer powder fertilizer per mu, which is applied intensively in the melon ditch, and covered with soil and planted after watering enough water.

2. Fertilize (granular) 100kg per mu 3-5 days after fruit hanging, and cover the soil after watering enough water. In the fruit expansion period, attention should be paid to the appropriate supply of water, and drought and rain and flood should be taken in time to resist drought and drainage.

Fifth, fertilizer efficiency comparison.

Through the results of watermelon test in Hengxi demonstration garden, it can be seen that the application of fertilizer shows obvious advantages of high quality, high yield and disease resistance.

1. Through the identification of the watermelon festival in Jiangning, the sugar content of watermelon in the fertilization area is as high, which is more than 2% higher than that in the control area. The treatment area shows a clear quality of quality.

2. In late April, the average vine length of the watermelon in the experimental area was only 41cm in the treatment area, and the fruit hanging rate in the treatment area began to hang on June 2, and the fruit hanging rate in the CK area was 50%, and there was no fruit in the CK area during the same period. The treatment area showed a significant early onset steady length.

3. In late April, the seedling emergence rate of watermelon in the experimental area was 65%, which was higher than that of CK, and the seedling rate of the treatment area was 61%, and the seedling rate of the treatment area was higher than that of the CK area, showing a very significant ability to resist Fusarium wilt and seedling diseases.

The cultivator suggests that 3000 5000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer or 2000 3500 kg of manure (rotting farmhouse fertilizer) per mu of open-field watermelon, 100 150 kg of cake fertilizer, 40 60 kg of superphosphate, 15 25 kg of potassium sulfate or 30 40 kg of compound fertilizer.

Watermelon first top dressing is also called seedling fertilizer, in the watermelon seedling cluster period that is, the five-leaf stage, the top dressing is to promote the growth of watermelon plants, quickly stretch the vine, expand the assimilation area to lay a material foundation for flower bud differentiation, requiring 10 kg of three-way compound fertilizer per mu.

The second topdressing of watermelon is also called vine fertilizer, which is carried out before and after the watermelon plant shakes the faucet, and a topdressing ditch of 10 cm deep, 10 cm wide and about 40 cm long is opened in the middle of two melon seedlings, and each plant is applied 100 grams of rotted cake fertilizer or about 500 grams of high-quality fertilizer such as rotten farmhouse fertilizer.

The third topdressing of watermelon is also called fruiting fertilizer, when the young fruit of watermelon is the size of an egg, it is also about 7 days after the watermelon falls into flowering, and the topdressing is to promote the expansion of the fruit. Generally, a ditch is made at 30 40 cm from the root on one side of the watermelon plant, and a kilogram of compound fertilizer, 5 kg of potassium sulfate, or 10 15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and urea plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used for foliar spraying.

Watermelon planting technology fertilization and watering are particular, pay attention to 6 points, watermelon planting management plan.

Watermelon fertilization is an important part of ensuring crop growth and yield. Fertilization methods and techniques are essential for the growth and quality of watermelons. First of all, watermelons have different nutrient needs at different growth stages.

At the seedling stage, a compound fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is applied in an appropriate amount to help promote root development and leaf growth. During the flowering and fruiting stage, the supply of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be increased to promote flower bud differentiation and fruit development. At the same time, trace elements such as iron, zinc, manganese, etc. can also be added to meet the comprehensive needs of the growth of watermelon.

Secondly, the timing and frequency of fertilization are also critical. Watermelon has a long growing period and is usually divided into early, middle, and late stages. In the initial stage, the main focus is on the development of the root system, and fertilizer should be applied in time to keep the soil moist.

The middle stage is the stage of rapid growth and fruit expansion of watermelon, and it is necessary to increase the frequency of fertilization to meet the nutrient needs of the plants. In the later stage, the main focus is on the quality of the fruit and the accumulation of sugar, and the nitrogen fertilizer is gradually reduced. In addition, there are various options for fertilizing the fertilizer.

Common methods include base fertilization and foliar spraying. Base fertilization is to bury fertilizer directly into the soil, so that nutrients are gradually released and supplied to the plants. Foliar fertilizer is used to absorb nutrients from the leaves and replenish nutrients in the plant.

Depending on the actual situation, these two methods can be flexibly used to meet the nutritional needs of watermelon.

Watermelon needs the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and nitrogen fertilizer cannot be used alone, otherwise it will cause the plant soil to be unfavorable for flowering and fruiting, so it is best to use human manure, urine and chicken manure, fertilizer garbage, fertilizer cake fertilizer, grass and wood ash, etc. as the main fertilizer for farms, so that the nutrients are more comprehensive and the quality is better.

2.Do not use chlorine-containing fertilizers.

Because watermelon cannot use this element, ammonium sulfate urea potassium sulfate should be used when using chemical fertilizer for watermelon, and chemical fertilizers such as potassium chloride cannot be used. Otherwise, it will affect the accumulation of watermelon sugar.

The weather is relatively dry and the soil moisture content is relatively low, so the use of chemical fertilizers at this time will make the root cytoplasmic solution leak outward, resulting in the watermelon dying due to lack of water, so it is not possible to use high-concentration liquid fertilizer. It is necessary to water the soil before fertilizing.

Watermelon top dressing. It is necessary to pay attention to the use of a certain depth, especially nitrogen fertilizer, do not use it on the surface, nitrogen is easy to volatilize and produce ammonia, which will harm the leaves of watermelon, and at the same time will reduce the effect of fertilizer, and will cause root burning, so it should be applied by acupuncture.

Watermelon fertilization can be carried out in accordance with the following general principles: heavy application of organic fertilizer, appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer, stable application of phosphorus fertilizer, increased application of potassium fertilizer, combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, and appropriate amount of supplemental medium and trace element fertilizer.

The application of organic fertilizer can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer, improve fertilizer efficiency, improve soil structure, develop watermelon roots, reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, and promote the improvement of watermelon yield and quality.

The application of chemical fertilizer needs to be reasonably planned and adjusted according to the fertilizer demand of watermelon, combined with the utilization rate of different chemical fertilizer imitation cultivation and the nutrient status of the soil itself. For example, nitrogen fertilizer can be applied at the seedling stage to promote vegetative growth; In the medium term, appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer should be applied to adjust and balance the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of watermelon. After entering the swelling stage, potassium fertilizer was mainly applied to promote the improvement of fruit yield and quality.

The medium elements calcium, magnesium and sulfur, and the trace elements zinc, boron, manganese, etc., play an important role in the body of watermelon, although the content is small. When it is deficient, it will affect the growth and development of Hengda good watermelon, and attention should be paid to appropriate supplementation.

Watermelon top dressing precautions

1. In the watermelon seedling stage, do not top dressing too much, and the top dressing should not be too close to the roots to avoid fertilizer damage.

2. Watermelon is a chlorine crop, especially in the expansion period of watermelon, do not apply chlorine-containing fertilizers to avoid inhibiting sugar accumulation and poor taste.

3. Do not apply too much human feces and urine, because the nitrogen content in human feces and urine is high, which is easy to cause plants to grow and make it difficult to sit melons.

4. In the fruiting period of watermelon, in the case of excessive temperature change and soil moisture change, do not use chemical fertilizer to avoid aggravating watermelon cracking. In addition, do not fertilize the plants in high temperatures, strong winds, cooling, rain, etc., to avoid nutrient waste. In summer, when the ground temperature is slightly lower, you can water and fertilize in the early morning or evening when the ground temperature is a little lower.

5. In the middle and late stages of fruit expansion, do not apply chemical fertilizers, especially control the topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer, so as to avoid affecting the sugar content and taste of watermelon.

This series is limited in the conditions for mobile phone shooting during the epidemic, so let's just listen to it.

Fertilization should be 15 cm away from the roots, 50 grams of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) per piece, and fertilization should be done with a small amount of meals.

Specifically, according to your local soil quality, temperature, and watermelon variety, this cannot be generalized, nor can it be rigidly copied, and more observations