What is the process of ethanol production in a chemical plant? How is ethanol produced?

In industry, ethanol is generally produced by starch fermentation or ethylene direct hydration: 1 Fermentation method Fermentation of ethanol is developed on the basis of winemaking, and for a long period of time, it was the only industrial method for producing ethanol. The raw materials of the fermentation method can be starchy agricultural products, such as cereals, potatoes or wild plant fruits; Waste molasses from sugar mills can also be used; Or use cellulose-containing wood chips, plant stalks, etc.

After a certain pretreatment, these substances can be hydrolyzed (using waste honey as raw material through this step) and fermentation to obtain ethanol. The mass fraction in the fermentation broth is about 6% to 10%, and contains some other organic impurities, and 95% industrial ethanol can be obtained by rectification. 2 Ethylene hydration method Ethylene direct hydration method is the direct reaction of ethylene with water to produce ethanol under the conditions of heating, pressure and the presence of a catalyst

CH2 CH2 + H—OH C2H5OH (the reaction is carried out in two steps, the first step is to form organic mercury compounds with mercury salts such as mercury acetate in water-tetrahydrofuran solution, and then reduced with sodium borohydride) The raw material in this method, ethylene, can be taken from petroleum cracking gas in large quantities, with low cost and large output, which can save a lot of food, so it develops rapidly.

There are two methods in industry, one is indirect hydration with sulfuric acid as an absorbent; The other is ethylene catalyzed direct hydration.

Indirect hydration is also known as sulfate method, and the reaction takes place in two steps. First, ethylene is introduced into concentrated sulfuric acid at a certain temperature and pressure to generate sulfate, and then the sulfate is heated and hydrolyzed in the hydrolysis tower to obtain ethanol, and the by-product ether is generated at the same time. The indirect hydration method can use low-purity ethanol as raw material, the reaction conditions are mild, and the ethylene conversion rate is high, but the equipment is seriously corroded and the production process is long, which has been replaced by the direct hydration method.

Direct hydration Under certain conditions, ethylene reacts directly with water through a solid acid catalyst to produce ethanol

ch2=ch2＋h2o=ch3ch2oh

Ethanol is what we usually call alcohol. The boiling point of pure ethanol is that it is easy to burn, and the development and use of ethanol as a power fuel is attracting more and more attention in today's world facing an energy crisis.

The protagonist of the production of ethanol is the famous yeast. It is able to activate a special device in the body, an enzyme system, to convert carbohydrates into ethanol under the condition of lack of oxygen. In recent years, it has been found that there are many strains that can make ethanol in the microbial kingdom, such as a species called Monospora yeast, which has a higher ability than yeast, not only fast fermentation speed, high production efficiency, but also can make full use of raw materials, and the ethanol produced is more than 8 times higher than yeast, which is likely to be a more ideal ethanol manufacturer.

Many plants and industries require the use of ethanol, here are some examples:

1.Chemical plants: Ethanol is one of the most common organic compounds in the chemical industry, which is used to produce acetic acid, ethyl acetate, ethylene dichitonol, etc.

2.Food industry: Ethanol is used to make liquors and seasonings such as beer, wine, champagne, brandy, whiskey, rum, spice extracts, etc.

3.Pharmaceutical industry: ethanol is used as a detoxifier, a carrier and extraction agent for the preparation of propionic acid, fluorosilicic acid, hydrazine hydrochloride and other drugs.

4.Energy industry: Ethanol can be used as a fuel additive, e.g. in the production of ethanol gasoline.

5.Printing industry: Ethanol can be used as printing inks and cleaning solvents.

6.Workshop cleaning industry: Ethanol can be used to clean semiconductors and other high-tech equipment.

Overall, ethanol is a versatile organic compound that is widely used in many different industries and industries.

Hello. For a long time, the raw materials used to produce ethanol were mainly sugar crops such as sugar cane, sugar beet, and sweet supper, and starch crops such as cassava, potato, and corn.

Cellulose is also a carbohydrate and is found in abundance in nature, with many green plants and their by-products such as twigs and leaves, straw chaff husks, and so on. Almost half of them are cellulose, and using them as raw materials can be said to be inexhaustible. Of course, using Sakura cellulose as a raw material will be extremely difficult for yeast, which means that it is difficult to exert its fermentation skills.

However, there is a way, people have long found from the study that cattle, sheep and other livestock can absorb cellulose, coccus, bacilli, slime mold and some fungi and actinomycetes in microorganisms will secrete an enzyme that can catalyze the breakdown of cellulose, called cellulase. This cellulase enzyme breaks down cellulose into individual glucose molecules, which are then fermented by yeast into ethanol. What's even more amazing is that there is a microorganism called Clostridium thermophilus, which can "eat" cellulose and "pull" ethanol at the same time, which is even simpler.

In Japan and Korea, Trichoderma and yeast have worked together to produce ethanol from cellulose.

Hello, for quite a long time, the raw materials used to produce ethanol were mainly sugar crops such as cane in Ganye, sugar beet, sweet sorghum and starch crops such as cassava, potatoes, corn, etc., and now people have found a cheap raw material, which is cellulose. Cellulose is also a carbohydrate and is found in large quantities in nature, with many green plants and their by-products, such as twigs and leaves, straw bran husks, and so on. Almost half of them are cellulose, and using them as raw materials can be said to be inexhaustible.

Of course, using cellulose as a raw material will be extremely difficult for yeast, which means that it is difficult to exert its fermentation ability. However, there is a way, people have long found from the study that cattle, sheep and other livestock can absorb cellulose and find that the cocci in the microorganisms, bacilli, slime mold and some fungi and actinomycetes will secrete an enzyme that can catalyze the decomposition of cellulose, called cellulase. This cellulase enzyme breaks down cellulose into individual glucose molecules, which are then fermented by yeast into ethanol.

What's even more amazing is that there is a microorganism called Clostridium thermophilus, which can "eat" cellulose and "pull" ethanol at the same time, which is even simpler. In Japan and Korea, Trichoderma and yeast have worked together to produce ethanol from cellulose. The use of cellulose as a raw material to produce ethanol has paved the way for ethanol to ascend to the throne of new energy.

Since these raw materials are derived from green plants, some people call ethanol green gasoline.