What is rough selection, selection, sweeping, beneficiation .

Rough separation] refers to the operation of preliminary sorting of the selected mineral raw materials during mineral processing. After rough separation, the mineral raw materials are sorted into two or more products such as coarse concentrate, medium ore and tailings. The rough product is not yet a qualified product, and it needs to be further sorted.

Selection】 In the process of mineral processing, in order to improve the content of useful components of the coarse concentrate and make it meet the quality requirements of the industry, the coarse concentrate is further enriched and separated, which is called selection.

Sweeping] When beneficiating, the separation of useful components from the rough tailings is called sweeping. See "Coarse selection".

After the initial separation of the ore in the separation process, such as flotation, gravity separation or magnetic separation, the useful components in the ore are initially enriched, and the level of the products obtained is higher than that of the original ore and lower than the final concentrate, and the process of making the useful components enriched for the first time is called rough separation operation. The rough separation operation yields coarse concentrate and selected tailings. The coarse concentrate is re-sorted to obtain a qualified concentrate, which is called a selection operation.

Sometimes the coarse concentrate needs to be selected several times to obtain qualified concentrate, and its operation is called primary selection, secondary selection, and tertiary selection ...... in turn

Generally, the rough tailings can not be discarded as the final tailings, and the rough tailings need to enter the next operation and then separate, which is called the sweeping operation. In order to reduce the grade of tailings and improve the rate, it is sometimes necessary to go through multiple sweeps to obtain the final tailings.

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In general, rough separation, cleaning and sweeping mainly refer to flotation machines (mine flotation machines), magnetic separators (dry magnetic separators, wet magnetic separators) and other mineral processing equipment.

After the ore is separated by primary separation, part of the gangue or surrounding rock with water content in it is selected, and the product higher than the original ore grade is obtained, which is called coarse concentrate, which generally does not meet the requirements of concentrate quality, and this process is called rough separation operation. The coarse concentrate is re-sorted to obtain a qualified concentrate, which is called a selection operation. Sometimes the coarse concentrate needs to be selected several times to obtain qualified concentrate, and its operation is called primary selection, secondary selection, tertiary selection, ...... in turn.

Generally, rough tailings cannot be discarded as final tailings, and often need to enter the next step of operation, which is called sweeping. In order to increase the rate of the genus, it is sometimes necessary to go through multiple sweeps to obtain the final tailings.

After the ore is processed by the separation operation, most of the gangue and impurities are removed, and the product that enriches the useful minerals is called concentrate. Concentrate is the final product of a concentrator, sometimes called final concentrate, and is generally used as a raw material for smelting. The final concentrate must make its main components and impurity content meet the national standard in order to be called qualified concentrate.

For concentrate, medium ore and tailings, the concentrate and tailings after each flotation are called medium ore.

After the raw ore has been processed by the separation operation, its main components have been enriched in the concentrate, and some of the minor components of the ore or other associated metals have also been obtained after comprehensive treatment. Therefore, the remaining part of the product contains very low components, and this part of the product is called tailings, or final tailings. It should be noted that tailings still contain useful components that are difficult to extract due to the current state of the art, but may become a raw material for reuse in the future.

Therefore, the tailings are generally piled up in the tailings pond for preservation.

The intermediate product obtained in the separation process is called medium ore. The content of useful components in medium ore is generally between concentrate and tailings. In the sorting process, China Mine generally needs to be returned to the appropriate operation site for processing, or for separate processing.

Each sorting operation has three entrances and exits: feeding, foam products and tailings, and the feed of rough separation is generally raw slurry; The selected feed is the foam product scraped out by rough separation, the feed of sweeping is the tailings of rough separation, the foam scraped out by selection is the concentrate product, and the tailings of sweeping are the total tailings. Generally speaking, rough sorting and sweeping equipment are of the same specification and model; The selection should be small, and the specific selection of concentrate should be determined according to the properties of different ores and production scales, through laboratory tests and optional test results. More information about mineral processing is available on Shanghai Nonferrous Metals Network (

"Beneficiation" is all the enrichment of low-grade ore to higher-grade ore, or the separation of two different useful minerals, or the removal of impurities from the ore. Beneficiation is a general term, such as concentrator, beneficiation technology, beneficiation equipment and so on.

"Rough separation" is an operation of mineral processing, which is generally designed in the first step.

"Selection" is not "fine selection", but also an operation in mineral processing, which is generally the operation of re-sorting the coarse (or sweeping) concentrate.

In addition, there is "sweeping", which is generally rough separation or sweeping tailings and then separation.