What are the main schools of social security theory in the West

1. The school of democratic socialism.

2. The liberal school.

Western social security theory has gone through three stages of development:

The first is the generation stage of Western social security theory, which has undergone a process of ideological development from denying social relief to advocating social welfare, and the specific content includes three aspects; Classical British and French economists denied the role of the social assistance system, the German historical school advocated the social security idea of state welfare, and the welfare economics thought of welfare security.

The second is the formative stage of Western social security theory, which marks the establishment of the idea of welfare-type social security, and the specific content includes two aspects: Keynesian welfare security theory and "welfare state" social security theory.

The third is the diversified development stage of Xiwan's social security theory, which is manifested in the contemporary Western welfare-based social security system reform theory, which includes three aspects: the social security theory of the neoliberal school (the theory of social security system reform of the modern monetar school, the social market economics school, the public choice school, etc.), and the social security theory of other economic schools (the social welfare security theory of the new institutional economics school, the economic growth school, the future school, etc.). Nobel Laureate in Economics Amartya. Sen's Theory of Welfare Economics.

There are many schools of thought in social security theory.

This requires us to strengthen the study of the theory of social security.

What are the schools of social security theory, and there are many schools of social security theory in the West?

Western social security theories generally refer to the majority of liberals.

What are the main schools of social security theory in the WestThere are many schools of social security theory in the West.

The theoretical sources of social security in China include the following:a.Utopian Sociology.

b.Cosmopolitan Sociology.

c.Warehousing backup theory.

d.Social Mutual Aid Theory.

e.Theory of Social Assistance.

Answers: b, c, d, e.

China's social security system.

In accordance with the design of the framework of the social security system of developed countries and the International Labour Organization, and in combination with the practice of China's implementation of social security, China has gradually established a social security system with China's special characteristics, but there are still problems such as small coverage, narrow implementation scope and low overall planning level. The "Decision of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning the Construction of a Socialist Harmonious Society" proposes that by 2020, "the social security system covering urban and rural residents will be basically established", which is one of the goals and main tasks of building a socialist harmonious society.

The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also further proposed to "speed up the establishment of a social security system covering urban and rural residents", and for the first time put forward three foundations, three key points and two supplementary new ideas for development in the party's important documents, that is, "we should speed up the improvement of the social security system on the basis of social insurance, social assistance and social welfare, focusing on the basic old-age pension, basic medical care and minimum living security system, and supplementing it with charity and commercial insurance." ”

The social security system is the "safety net" of society, and it is of great significance to social stability and social development. Promote the reform of the basic old-age insurance system of enterprises, institutions and institutions, and explore the establishment of a rural old-age insurance system. Comprehensively promote the construction of basic medical insurance for urban employees, basic medical insurance for urban residents, and a new type of rural cooperative medical system.

Legal Analysis: Welfare-based social security model: With the principle of universal and universal security as the core, all residents and citizens can enjoy various welfare and security policies formulated by the state regardless of whether they have income or not, and whether they are employed.

Compulsory savings model: With compulsory savings as the core, employers and employees are forced to save social security expenses for employees to meet the payment needs of various social security projects for employees.

Social insurance model: also known as the Bismarck-type social security model, it is the earliest social security model. This model is based on social insurance, and the social security costs are borne by the employees, employers and the state, mainly by the employees and the employer, and the payment of social security is linked to the employee's income and social insurance contributions.

Legal basis: Social Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 1: This Law is formulated on the basis of the Constitution so as to regulate social insurance relations, to preserve the lawful rights and interests of citizens to participate in social insurance and enjoy social insurance benefits, to enable citizens to share the fruits of development, and to promote social harmony and stability.

Article 2: The State shall establish social insurance systems such as basic endowment insurance, basic medical insurance, work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance, and maternity insurance, to protect citizens' right to receive material assistance from the State and society in accordance with law in the event of old age, illness, work-related injury, unemployment, childbirth, and so forth.

Legal Analysis: Social security is a general term for socialized economic or social welfare measures, systems, and activities adopted by the state or society in accordance with the law through the redistribution of national income to those who have lost their income and ability to work, resulting in difficulties in their basic life. What it means:

The ultimate responsibility for social security is the state; Social security is a socialized act; Social security is aimed at all members of society; The objective of social security is to guarantee and improve the basic livelihood of members of society; The purpose of social security is to promote social stability. Universality; legality; fairness; Security; Irreversibility. Social mutual aid refers to the activities of helping the weak and needy voluntarily organized and participated by social groups and members of society with the encouragement and support of the society.

Social mutual aid has the characteristics of voluntary and non-profit, and its funds are mainly based on social donations and voluntary contributions by members, and are often supported by taxation and other aspects. The main forms of social mutual aid include: mass mutual aid organized by trade unions, women's federations and other mass organizations; charitable assistance organized by non-governmental public welfare organizations; various forms of mutual aid organizations spontaneously formed by urban and rural residents.

Legal basis: Social Insurance Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 12 The employer shall pay the basic endowment insurance premiums in accordance with the proportion of the total wages of its employees stipulated by the state, which shall be credited to the basic endowment insurance pool.

Employees shall pay basic pension insurance premiums in accordance with the proportion of their wages stipulated by the state, which shall be credited to their personal accounts.

Individually-owned businesses without employees, part-time employees who do not participate in the basic endowment insurance in the employer, and other flexibly employed persons who participate in the basic endowment insurance shall pay the basic endowment insurance premiums in accordance with the provisions of the state, which shall be credited to the basic endowment insurance co-ordination and personal accounts respectively.

Article 23 Employees shall participate in the basic medical insurance for employees, and the employer and the employee shall jointly pay the basic medical insurance premiums in accordance with the provisions of the State.

Individually-owned businesses without employees, part-time employees who have not participated in the basic medical insurance for employees in the employer, and other flexibly employed persons may participate in the basic medical insurance for employees, and the individual shall pay the basic medical insurance premiums in accordance with the provisions of the state.

Article 35 An employer shall pay work-related injury insurance premiums at the rate determined by the social insurance agency in accordance with the total wages of its employees.

Article 44 Employees shall participate in unemployment insurance, and the employer and the employee shall jointly pay unemployment insurance premiums in accordance with the provisions of the State.

Article 53 Employees shall participate in maternity insurance, and the employer shall pay the maternity insurance premiums in accordance with the provisions of the State, and the employees shall not pay the maternity insurance premiums.

China's social security system includes five aspects: social welfare, preferential care and resettlement, social insurance, social assistance, and housing security. Social welfare is a social system in which the state or society provides financial assistance and preferential services to all citizens within the scope of laws and policies, in the fields of residential housing, public health, environmental protection, and basic education.

It is manifested in the various welfare facilities set up by the state and social organizations, the social services provided and various social welfare undertakings. Social welfare for the elderly is a general term for the welfare programs, facilities and services provided by the state to improve the material and spiritual life of the elderly. Social welfare for the elderly is of a special nature, and its enjoyment is aimed at the elderly who have lost their ability to work and are frail and sickly, and its content must conform to the physical and psychological characteristics of the elderly, and require special consideration and care from the state and society.

In order to do a good job in the welfare of the elderly, Article 33 of the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly stipulates the obligations of local governments at all levels in this regard. The contents of social welfare for the elderly include: (1) Welfare to meet the needs of survival and security.

Such as housing benefits, life care benefits, medical care benefits. (2) Welfare that satisfies the need for respect and enjoyment. For example, the establishment of supporting facilities suitable for the life and activities of the elderly; Carry out mass cultural, sports and recreational activities suitable for the elderly to enrich the spiritual life of the elderly; Provide preferential treatment and care for the elderly in terms of visits, excursions, public transportation, etc.

3) Welfare to meet development needs. For example, the state has developed education for the elderly, run various schools for the elderly, and provide convenience for the elderly to continue their education; The State creates conditions for the elderly to participate in the building of socialist material and spiritual civilizations, and gives play to the expertise and role of the elderly.

China's social security system includes social insurance, social assistance, social welfare, preferential care and resettlement, social mutual assistance, and personal savings accumulation guarantee. These social security services are interlinked and mutually reinforcing.

1. Social insurance: social insurance, including five types of insurance;

2. Social assistance: It is to provide assistance to people living in the lower strata of society, so that people can live. The social assistance projects include: disaster victim assistance, urban poor assistance, rural five-guarantee household assistance, urban and rural special object assistance, homeless shelter, etc.;

3. Social welfare is the highest level of social security and the highest program and goal of social security. Its purpose is to increase the welfare of the masses and improve the material and cultural life of the people, and it pushes social security to the highest stage; The importance of social welfare is the state and social groups.