What are the aspects of the uneven development of social security between urban and rural areas?

First, the income gap between urban and rural residents. Since the beginning of reform and opening up, the income gap between urban and rural residents in China has gone through a process of first narrowing and then widening, and then narrowing and then widening. In recent years, the ratio of urban and rural income has also remained at the same level as the state has adopted a variety of measures to benefit farmers, and if some non-monetary factors in the income of urban residents, such as housing, education, medical care, social security, and other social welfare are taken into account, the income gap between urban and rural residents may be even higher.

The second is the gap between urban and rural education. The proportion of urban population with high school, technical secondary school, junior college, bachelor's degree, and postgraduate education is twice that of rural areas, respectively. More importantly, during the nine-year compulsory education period, the phenomenon of rural students dropping out of school and losing school is also quite serious.

The third is the gap between urban and rural medical care. At present, the coverage rate of rural cooperative medical care in the country is only more than 10, and more than 80 farmers belong to the self-funded medical group. In recent years, due to the shortage of public health supply, medical treatment has risen sharply, and many rural areas have become poor due to illness and return to poverty due to illness.

Fourth, the gap between urban and rural consumption. The means of agricultural production are high, the quality of the means of subsistence is low, and counterfeit and shoddy products are rampant. On the whole, the current consumption level of rural residents is only equivalent to that of urban residents in the early 90s of the last century, which is 10 years behind.

Fifth, the employment gap. The registered unemployment rate of the urban working population is 5, and no one has calculated the unemployment rate of the rural working population, and the utilization rate of the 400 million labor force remaining in the rural areas is only about 50 percent, not counting the 100 million laborers who have gone to the cities to work.

Sixth, there is a gap in public investment. The proportion of state fiscal expenditure on agriculture in fiscal expenditure has been declining. Due to the division of systems, markets and public services between urban and rural areas and within urban and rural areas in China, public goods identified in cities may no longer have the nature of public goods in rural areas, and "public goods" have become exclusive, so in this sense, they can be regarded as personal income.

In China's urban and rural income, there is a problem of underestimation of this part of personal income to varying degrees, and the underestimation of urban income is greater than that of rural areas.

The personal income of ordinary urban residents is mainly used for consumption and savings, while the net income of peasants should be used for expanding reproduction in addition to this. If the peasants' expenditures for expanding reproduction are deducted, the income gap between urban and rural areas will be even greater.

The simplest point. In the city, we have a social security card, although it is a designated hospital, but when we pay, we can pay less, but in the countryside, we have to go through a lot of related procedures.

1. There is a large gap between urban and rural areas in the east and west

On the whole, the living standards of urban and rural residents in various regions of China's eastern, central and western regions have been continuously improved, and infrastructure construction, social security, and income growth have been steadily promoted and improved.

However, in the actual process of development, it is subject to the market mechanism.

The allocation of China's economic resources is still biased towards the developed areas along the eastern coast. The level of economic and social development in the central region, especially in the western region, is the same as that in the eastern region.

In comparison, there is still a big gap.

2. Large differences in infrastructure:

There are still obvious gaps between urban and rural areas in terms of income, medical care, education, employment, public health, infrastructure, and so on, and the gap between the rich and the poor in society as a whole.

It needs to be further narrowed.

The gap between urban and rural areas in social security is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1.Pension insurance: The pension insurance for urban residents is coordinated nationwide, and the basic pension level is relatively high, while the pension insurance coverage rate for rural residents is low, and the pension level of the basic sales department is low.

2.Medical insurance: The medical insurance for urban residents is large-scale, wide-ranging, and has a high reimbursement ratio, while the medical insurance for rural residents is small-scale, narrow-coverage, and has a low reimbursement ratio.

3.Unemployment insurance: The unemployment insurance coverage rate of urban residents is relatively high, while the unemployment insurance coverage rate of rural residents is relatively high, and the level of unemployment insurance premiums is low.

4.Social assistance: Urban residents can enjoy various social assistance and subsidies, such as subsistence allowance and assistance for people living in extreme poverty, while rural residents have relatively few social assistance and subsidies.

5.Housing security: Urban residents can purchase commercial housing or apply for public rental housing and other hidden housing security measures, while rural residents have relatively little housing security.

In short, the social security gap between urban and rural areas is mainly reflected in the areas of old-age care, medical care, unemployment, social assistance and housing. In order to narrow the gap between urban and rural social security, it is necessary to increase investment and support for social security for rural residents, expand the coverage of social security for rural residents, raise the level of old-age, medical and unemployment insurance benefits, and increase social assistance and housing security for rural residents.

The gap between urban and rural areas in social security is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1.Medical and health care: There is a gap between urban residents' medical insurance and rural cooperative medical care in terms of payment ratio, reimbursement scope, and types of drugs.

2.Old-age security: There are many elderly people in rural areas, but the rural social old-age insurance system is imperfect and the popularity is low, resulting in a large number of rural elderly people lacking old-age security.

3.Unemployment security: The structure and characteristics of the urban and rural labor markets are different, and migrant workers may not be able to obtain unemployment assistance after becoming unemployed, but urban workers often have a more complete unemployment security system and more employment opportunities.

4.Social assistance: In terms of family difficulties, sudden accidents, natural disasters, etc., urban and rural residents are faced with the problem of lack of emergency assistance and social security system.

To sum up, the gap between urban and rural social security is widespread in medical care, deep answer to old-age care, unemployment, social assistance, etc., and it is necessary to further improve the social security level of rural residents and promote the equitable development of urban and rural areas.

First, the income gap between urban and rural residents.

The second is the gap between urban and rural education.

The third is the gap between urban and rural medical care.

Fourth, the gap between urban and rural consumption.

Fifth, the employment gap.

Sixth, there is a gap in public investment.

The rural-urban divide has led to a continuous influx of people from rural areas to cities. The cost of living in the cities is much higher than in the countryside, but the peasants still have to stay. The rural population is dwindling, leaving only some elderly people and children.

There are about 20.75 million left-behind children in rural areas, accounting for about 30% of rural school students. There is a big gap between the living conditions, living conditions, educational conditions, and medical and health conditions in the rural areas and those in the cities. The rural area still gives the impression of poverty.

The economic development of most places in our country is now driven by real estate, and the financial support of many places is dependent on the development of real estate. Rural areas can now have the development of farmhouse, breeding, planting and so on. But the people in the city can only go to other places to work to make a living.

Rural areas can also have national poverty alleviation policies, but urban poverty alleviation policies are very rare, and the economic income of small cities has always been not very optimistic. Therefore, the development of the economy is not as good as the development of the current situation in the rural areas in the small cities. It is necessary to vigorously develop enterprises, light industry, and heavy industry in order to steadily raise the level of our country's economic construction.

At present, the main contradiction in our country has been transformed into "the contradiction between the people's ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development." Among them, the imbalance between urban and rural development and the inadequacy of agricultural and rural development are particularly prominent. In fact, as early as the beginning of this century, based on the reality of urban-rural development, it began to make major adjustments to the relationship between urban and rural areas.

In 2002, the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to coordinate urban and rural development; In 2007, the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed urban-rural integration; In 2012, after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the integration of urban and rural development became one of the priorities of the Party and the country. In 2017, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) clearly proposed to establish and improve the institutional mechanism and policy system for the integrated development of urban and rural areas. From the overall planning of urban and rural development, to the integration of urban and rural development, and then to the integrated development of urban and rural areas, it is essentially the same line, but from the content, it reflects the increasing attention to the imbalance of urban and rural development, and the idea of building a new type of urban-rural relationship is constantly sublimated.

At present, there are major problems in the integrated development of urban and rural areas.

The integrated development of urban and rural areas is an important way to realize the integration of urban and rural development, and it is also a phased goal of the integration of urban and rural development under the new situation. In 2015, the leaders of the 22nd collective study of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China pointed out that promoting the integration of urban and rural development is an important symbol of national modernization, and the main contents include the gradual realization of the equality of the basic rights and interests of urban and rural residents, the equalization of urban and rural public services, the equalization of urban and rural residents' income, the rationalization of the allocation of urban and rural factors, and the integration of urban and rural industrial development. According to the strategic arrangement of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and realizing the second centenary goal in two stages, the integration of urban and rural development is the ultimate goal of the new type of urban-rural relationship, and it is a historical task that will take a long time to complete until China realizes comprehensive modernization.

Starting from the reality of China's urban-rural relations, the integrated development of urban and rural areas is a phased goal, and only through the continuous deepening of the degree of urban-rural integration development can the integration of urban and rural development be finally realized. Based on the above understanding, combined with our research results on the evaluation of the integration of urban and rural development in recent years.

First, the imbalance between economic and social development, China's total economic output has steadily ranked second in the world, and the economy has always maintained high-speed or medium-high growth, but social development is relatively lagging behind, the total amount of basic public services such as education, medical care, and social security is insufficient, and the degree of equalization is low.

Second, the imbalance between economic development and resources, environment and ecology, the rapid development of China's economy, to a certain extent, exceeds the carrying capacity of resources, environment and ecology, and indeed pays the cost of resources, ecology and environment. In the past, some localities once attached importance to the growth rate and neglected the protection of the ecological environment.

Although China's ecological civilization construction and ecological protection and restoration projects have been fruitful in recent years, compared with some countries, there is still a big gap in air quality, forest coverage, energy and resource protection.

3. Imbalance in development between regions and between urban and rural areas; On the whole, the living standards of urban and rural residents in various regions of China's eastern, central, and western regions have been continuously improved, and infrastructure construction, social security system, and income growth rate have all been steadily advanced and improved, but in the actual process of development, there is still a considerable gap between the economic and social development level of the central and western regions and that of the eastern region, and in recent years, the economic growth rate of the northeast region has declined significantly.

Fourth, there are still obvious gaps between urban and rural areas in terms of income, medical care, education, employment, public health, and infrastructure. The problem of "insufficient" development mainly refers to the problem of insufficient development in some localities and fields. A comprehensive analysis of the situation in all aspects shows that the imbalance and inadequacy of development have brought about many social contradictions and problems, and we must make efforts to understand and resolve them.

The most unbalanced development is the imbalance between urban and rural development, and the most inadequate is the inadequate development of rural areas.

The gap between the education level of urban and rural populations and the allocation of medical human resources between urban and rural areas has widened, which has slowed down the improvement of the degree of balanced development of education and health, and ultimately restricted the improvement of the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas.

There is still a large gap between urban and rural residents in terms of basic public service standards such as medical security, compulsory education, and basic old-age insurance.

There are serious barriers in the urban and rural financial markets, and there is a lack of effective two-way flow of funds. In particular, since the commercialization reform, with the continuous expansion of the scale of urban and rural finance of state-owned banks, the distribution of urban and rural financial institutions has become more unbalanced, the effective supply of existing rural financial institutions is insufficient, and the outflow of rural funds is serious, which has had a negative impact on agricultural and rural development.

At present, the development of urban and rural areas in China is unbalanced. The on-site performance was outstanding. Many modern metropolises have emerged in the east, such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.

Shanghai-centric. The urban agglomeration is a megacity agglomeration in China, and the development of the watermelon area is very slow, and there is not even a single house in the open air in the poor mountainous areas.

Now the imbalance between urban and rural development is a very common phenomenon, and now everyone is crowded in the cities, because you have more and more resources, while the rural areas are becoming more and more depressed, the population is getting smaller and smaller, the jobs are getting less and less, and the conditions are getting worse and worse.

The imbalance between urban and rural development is mainly caused by the uneven distribution of production resources, as well as the different foundations of economic development! In addition, the unreasonable industrial structure is also one of the reasons!

The main difference between the unbalanced development of urban and rural areas lies in science and technology and industrial development, after all, the city has very rich resources, which cannot be compared with the countryside.

In recent years, there has been an imbalance in urban and rural development, the gap between the rich and the poor is very large, and people's quality education is also very large, and this imbalance will become a necessary factor in restraining the development of urban and rural economies.