What was the reason for the abolition and restoration of Baguwen in the early years of the Qing Dyna

Control intellectuals and strengthen ideological domination.

Bagu Wen is an important issue in the imperial examination of the Ming and Qing dynasties, which is generally composed of eight parts: breaking the question, undertaking the topic, starting to speak, starting, starting shares, middle shares, back shares, and bundle shares. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it played a role in ensuring the fairness of the imperial examination and maintaining the rule of imperial power; It is conducive to a large number of malleable talents to stand out; It has an edifying effect on the values of the people.

Baguwen is a style used in the imperial examination in the Ming and Qing dynasties, consisting of a fixed eight parts. Baguwen ensured the fairness of the imperial examination and also selected many talented people for the imperial court.

Baguwen does have great drawbacks in all aspects, but in the Qing Dynasty at that time, Baguwen was the most important form of examination, and no one changed this phenomenon for a long timeOver time, it has become the best and fairest means of selecting talents in the context of the times. Therefore, during the Qing Dynasty, the Baguwen exam was still chosen. <>

There are many drawbacks to the eight-strand textIt strictly requires the writer to divide the article into eight paragraphs completely and evenly, and the title of the article must come from the Four Books and Five Classics, not to mention, and even the format and content of the writing must imitate the model of the ancients as much as possible. Because of this, Baguwen has always been criticized by literati and scholars from all walks of life, not only literati, but also rulers of all dynasties and generations have debated the abolition of the Baguwen examination system, and even regarded it as the same type as the book-burning pit Confucianism, believing that Baguwen is an extreme restriction on literature and a huge imprisonment of thought, and if it is not abolished, it will cause a fatal blow to the development of literature, so it can be seen that Baguwen is a very controversial liberal arts.

But why was it not only not abolished in the Qing Dynasty, but also unexpectedly popular, and even became the main content of the imperial examination? <>

Actually, there are two reasons:

1.Most of the content of the Baguwen exam came from the Four Books and Five Classics, and the Four Books and Five Classics were widely known at that time. In this way, both poor students and rich young masters can get a fair chance to get an education.

Everyone has the same starting point for competition. As long as you want to gain fame and work hard, you can get equal opportunities and a chance to win the list by studying the Four Books and Five Classics. If there is a variety of exams, then there will be serious polarization:

Those who have money are desperately trying to buy textbooks to study, and those who don't have money don't even have the opportunity to get an education. In this way, the real talent will be buried.

2.Since the content of the exam is uniform, it is more convenient for the examiner to mark the paper. And because the standards are relatively clear, there is not too much subjective opinion of the examiner to affect the student's performance. <>

To sum up, at that time, there was no shortage of Baguwen examinations as a fair and effective way to select talents, so it was always adopted.

First, the Qing Dynasty was already very feudal and decadent at that time, and it did not reform to its good selection method; Secondly, the Qing Dynasty wanted to use the Bagu Wen Examination to restrain the minds of the Zheng people in order to maintain their rule. Cong Wu.

That's because in the Qing Dynasty, he didn't think of any better exam than the Bagu Jianziwen exam, and he hadn't come up with a solution yet, so he still adopted Zheng Ju to use the Bagu Wen exam.

Although the eight-strand text of the Ming and Qing dynasties was criticized, it has not been abolishedIt is because Baguwen also has its merits, and it conforms to the socio-historical conditions of the historical period at that time, as well as meets the needs of the rulers.

When it comes to Baguwen, the first thing that comes to many people's minds is that the rigidity of Baguwen restricts people's minds and hinders the development of society. As everyone knows, Baguwen also has some advantages, and it is also very helpful to the ruling needs of the ruler.

To put it simply, the eight shares of the Ming and Qing dynasties are equivalent to the current college entrance examination。If you compare carefully, you will find that there are many similarities between Bagu and today's college entrance examination.

For example, both the Bagu Wen and the college entrance examination stipulate the scope of the content of the test, just as the college entrance examination is a high school textbook, and the Bagu Wen is the content of the "Four Books" and "Five Classics". For another example, there are regulations on the format of the Bagu essay and the college entrance examination answers, and there are standardized formats for the big questions. For another example, like the college entrance examination, the Bagu Scholar pays attention to fairness, and conducts the fairest selection in a way that is in line with the national conditions at that time.

In addition, the direct purpose of asking candidates to write Bagu Wen is not to select talents who can immediately govern the country, just like the college entrance examination, passing the college entrance examination does not mean that they can use high school knowledge to govern the country and invent and create. The direct purpose of both is to fairly select people who have the ability to learn and endure hardships, so that they can serve the country after some training in the future.

In today's world, those who pass the gaokao will go on to university to continue their studies, and in the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was similar, and those who wrote Baguwen and passed the imperial examination were arranged to continue their studies at the Hanlin Academy.

The biggest feature of Baguwen is the same test scope, standardized format, and clear logicPeople who are able to stand out in such an exam,At least having the ability to study hard and think logically is a part that deserves to be commended.

Because Baguwen is from the Four Books and Five Classics, etc., these books are summarized as classics, which are of great help to people's understanding of Chinese culture, although there are many criticisms, but the advantages still outweigh the disadvantages.

Because this has become a habit, even if you want to change it at that time, you can't change it, because everyone is using Baguwen, and even if you want to change it, the students in the world don't agree.

Although Baguwen was deeply criticized, it was also used as the only form of answering questions in the imperial examination at that time. So it has not been abolished.

Because all the scholars are the beneficiaries of the eight shares, and most of the scholars are from the landlord class. Breaking off the eight shares of the scholars is to offend both the scholar class and the landlord class, and whoever dares to judge their future will dare to kill their entire family.

Baguwen is a style of writing, and it is a very demanding style of confrontation. The eight shares are divided into eight parts, and the candidates are required to write in strict accordance with the requirements, which actually has great benefits. One is that it is easy to mark, the curtain officials don't know how much to save, standardized exams, standardized answers, and the current grading system is almost the same.

Another is the most unqualified people who can sift down a large number of people from the most superficial layer, the Ming and Qing dynasties participated in a large number of people, there is this hard bar that can be seen at a glance, and many unqualified people with unqualified writing skills will be eliminated at once, after all, if the style is not suitable, it will definitely be thrown out at once.

It doesn't help much in terms of national governance, and the rulers know that. The reason why it has not been changed is because the essence of the Eight Strands is not.

Because this is a kind of restriction, it is easy to form rules, and everything must be done according to rules.

Rulers need.

A culture to restrain the cultured people.

It's that they don't study anything else.

One affects their notifications.

It's good that Baguwen can do that.

The criticism of "Baguwen" may be that later generations will evaluate it from a higher perspective. But in the society at that time, Baguwen was not necessarily bad. First, it gives the reader the opportunity to rise; secondly, it selected talents for the imperial court; Third, it is conducive to social stability and development; Fourth, to a certain extent, it controls the minds of readers.

It makes sense to exist, not to mention that the existence of a dynasty must be of positive significance.

The ruler needs this.

Although the "Bagu Wen" was widely criticized during the Ming and Qing dynasties, it is also one of the ancient cultural heritages of China.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the "Eight Strands" were deeply criticized, but they never dared to say it, so they were not abolished or replaced.

The eight-strand essay is rigid and stiff, and it is deeply criticized, but if you study it diligently, you can write a good article that not only conforms to the format of the eight-strand, but also has valuable content, and achieves the ideal state of application in the world

Because the Bagu Wen assessment is not the goal, but the means, through this examination system to select people who can be used, and then train for further study.

Let the majority of scholars immerse themselves in the Confucian classics and the eight strands at the same time, and imperceptibly accept the influence of Confucian culture.

The eight-strand text is rigid and rigid, and it can be written in line with the eight-strand format and achieve the ideal realm of application in the world.

It was not abolished or replaced because ordinary emperors did not dare to change it, and they did not know how to change it.

First of all, to correct your statement, Baguwen can not be equated with the imperial examination system, Baguwen is a way of writing, with strict writing regulations but after the Ming Dynasty as an important means of examination of the imperial examination system, in fact, this way of writing has appeared before the Ming Dynasty, and formed a physique during the Ming Dynasty. In the last years of Guangxu, the imperial examination no longer used the examination method of Baguwen, and Baguwen gradually died out.

The New Culture Movement, the abolition of the imperial examination system.

The Baguwen that appeared in the Ming Dynasty abolished the imperial examination in 1905.

Since the Tang Dynasty, the way for Chinese literati to enter the government has been through the imperial examination. However, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the content of the exam became increasingly rigid, from the original poems and songs to the eight-strand text with unified answers. Although it has always been controversial in the eyes of modern people, it has really maintained the rule of the feudal state.

First of allIt is fair to use the eight-strand essay as the content of the exam。Because when everyone is on the same starting line, the children of those bureaucrats will not have privileges, and the children of commoners will also have the opportunity to rise, which will help strengthen the imperial power. Moreover, the imperial examination system has always had the advantage of enabling all literati in the country to have access to the state management system, so that the flow of population is conducive to the continued maintenance of the situation of great unification.

The Bagu Wen Examination can fully play the role of fair selection in the imperial examination system.

Baguwen can select all kinds of outstanding talents. Although the eight-strand text gives people the feeling of being empty and rigid, old-fashioned and rigid. But one of the big reasons why it continues is the tiered exams it sets.

Different levels of exams have different levels of difficulty, and those who can stand out from the layers of exams are also very likely to be talents worthy of national training. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, after the palace examination was released, those scholars would be selected to study in the Hanlin Academy to learn the true way of governing the country.

The concept conveyed by the Baguwen has an edifying effect on the cultivation of scholars' patriotic values of loyalty and loyalty。The topic of the Baguwen is based on the Confucian classics of the Four Books and the Five Classics, and the format is rigorous and the language is exquisite. This is conducive to the unification of the thinking of the examinees, although those scholars are buried in the Confucian classics, but moisturizing things silently, quietly accepting the influence of Confucian culture, is conducive to the formation of the concept of family and country.

Because it was the imperial court that decided the Baguwen, and the Baguwen was conducive to the imperial court's ruling of the literati's thinking, it was impossible for it to be abolished.

Because there is no new culture to replace this culture, it has not been abolished, and it is known that it will be abolished in the end.

Because its beneficiary is the ruler, it will not be abolished out of selfishness, even if it is deeply criticized.

In fact, there are many answers to this question, first of all, out of selfishness, even if it is deeply criticized, it will not be abolished. ‍

Although Baguwen was very rigid and prevented the birth of an innovative spirit, it was indeed a very good imperial examination system at that time.

The main reason was that there was no system that could completely replace the Baguwen, and people at that time did not think about how to improve it.

Because he evolved a system to unify the minds of the people, the ruler will not abolish it.

Because the dynasty at that time was particularly dominant, this was also a way of selecting talents adopted by the dynasty, so people could only obey.