What are the political documents about the Jiangnan region in the Ming and Qing dynasties? Thank you

Although the Ming and Qing dynasties implemented a policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce, the rulers of the Ming and Qing dynasties adjusted production relations and encouraged production, so the handicraft industry was developed. The gradual development of the local economy eventually led to the activity of the commodity economy, due to which the germ of capitalism appeared in the south, but due to the slow development of the ** policy. The vitality of the commodity economy is determined by the development of the social productive forces.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the economic development of the Jiangnan region far exceeded that of the rest of the country, especially the northern region, and a very important aspect was that in the process of development, although it was not like Europe after the Middle Ages, it showed that the newly formed burgher class was in direct confrontation with the feudal rulers, but it showed that the budding burgher class in the Jiangnan region and the confrontation with the feudal rulers were always done in accordance with the regulations of the feudal rulers. In the process of doing it, I constantly play "edge ball". In the book, we can see that in the development of industry and commerce in the Jiangnan region during the Ming and Qing dynasties, almost all of those industries were privately owned, not government-run.

In the process of running these industrial and commercial enterprises, they pay a lot of taxes set by the government. When it was developed, it forced the government to approve it. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the industrial, commercial and urban development of the Jiangnan region showed the transformation of towns into cities step by step, and the cities here were similar to Europe after the Middle Ages, becoming the center of the economy.

We can say that although China has not yet formed an independent burgher class at this time, the rudimentary form of the burgher class has appeared in the Jiangnan region, and there is a trend of becoming independent step by step, in the Jiangnan region, the development of industry and commerce, cities (towns), in fact, has shown that the burgher class and the feudal class are in confrontation, but they are constantly playing "edge ball" in the law of obeying the feudal rulers, forcing the feudal rulers to approve of their behavior. It is precisely because of this that the Jiangnan region is getting closer to capitalism step by step.

Representative cities: Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Huzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Jiaxing, Shanghai, Ningbo, Yangzhou, Nantong, Wuhu, Xuancheng, Huangshan, Ma'anshan, Chizhou, Tongling, Anqing, Jiujiang, Shangrao, Jingdezhen, etc.

Jiangnan: Shanghai, northern Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu, southeastern Anhui, northeastern Jiangxi and other parts of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Jiangnan is a place with outstanding people and beautiful mountains and rivers, and "Jiangnan" has always been a constantly changing and flexible regional concept from ancient times to the present, but it has always represented a beautiful and rich water town. So far, it is also a developed area with superior natural conditions, abundant natural resources, developed commodity production and complete industrial categories, and is the developed area with the highest comprehensive economic level in China.

The traditional six prefectures in the south of the Yangtze River: Suzhou, Hangzhou, Songjiang, Changzhou, Huzhou, and Jiaxing are the current ones: Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Shanghai, Huzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, etc.

The area referred to by Gangnam in different periods is different.

Gangnam in a broad sense:

It refers to the area south of the Yangtze River in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, that is, southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui south of the Yangtze River, Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei south of the Yangtze River. Some areas of Fujian are also sometimes referred to as Jiangnan. The definition of Gangnam in a broad sense begins with the ancient division (Gangnam-do) and is often described in literary works.

For example, Du Fu's "Jiangnan in the Year of the Turtle in the South of the Yangtze River" was written in Changsha. The Gangnam referred to in the weather forecast is also roughly the Gangnam zone in a broad sense.

Jiangnan in the narrow sense roughly refers to southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang, but the specific scope is not very clear. This concept probably began at the end of the Tang Dynasty and took shape in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The most definite core area of Jiangnan includes only a few cities around Taihu Lake, such as Suzhou, Hangzhou, Songjiang, Changzhou, Huzhou, Jiaxing, etc.

Nanjing is also in the core area of Jiangnan, but because Nanjing's language has gradually become an official dialect (Jianghuai official dialect) in the changing times, the Wu language area does not have a high degree of recognition of Nanjing's Jiangnan. Shanghai's administrative history is relatively short, but due to its important economic position, it is also basically included in the scope of Xiaojiangnan in the modern concept.

However, it is not the Yangtze River basin, but it is mostly considered to be the south of the Yangtze River, including some areas south of the Taihu Lake and south of the Qiantang River, such as Shaoxing, Ningbo and other cities. Some areas north of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Yangzhou, are geographically located in the north of the Yangtze River, but their economy and culture are similar to those of the south of the Yangtze River, and they are sometimes regarded as part of the south of the Yangtze River in the cultural sense. Similarly, due to the Jiangbei dialect, Jiangnan in the narrow sense does not always include Yangzhou and Zhenjiang.

Each era in the south of the Yangtze River is different, but the general range is similar, such as the south of the Yangtze River and the north of the Qiantang River, that is, the Taihu Lake. Of course, there are relatively large times, roughly including the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. As for the centers, Suzhou and Hangzhou are the capital, but because Hangzhou is the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, the development is better than other cities.

There is also the first thing that comes to mind when it comes to Jiangnan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, not southern Jiangsu. In many parts of China, they don't know about southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu, but only Jiangsu. As for Anhui Huizhou or something, it can indeed be called Jiangnan, after all, Anhui and Jiangsu have not had much time to separate.

What are the cities in the Gangnam area? If you count it as a country, it is the seventh in the world!

The area covered by Gangnam can be viewed from multiple perspectives. Literally, south of the Yangtze River is Jiangnan. But this is not the case in Jiangnan in the traditional sense.

Geographically speaking, the south of the Qinling-Huai River line is the south, but not the south of the Yangtze River. In addition to the geographical regional reference, Jiangnan also has cultural connotations. To sum up, Jiangnan in the narrow sense refers to the current Yangtze River Delta, including southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang, eastern Zhejiang, Shanghai, and Yangzhou and Nantong in the north of the Yangtze River; Expand a little more, it can include southern Anhui, northeastern Jiangxi, and southern Zhejiang; In a broad sense, Jiangnan stretches from the Huai River in the north, to Nanling in the south, to Wushan in the west, and to the sea in the east, that is, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

But the most adopted half is Gangnam in the narrow sense. There is still a big difference between southern Anhui and northeastern Jiangxi and the Yangtze River Delta, Hunan and Hubei are generally called two lakes and Huguang, and few people call them Jiangnan. To the south, the south of Nanling is called Lingnan, while Fujian is relatively independent, both geographically and culturally.

1.Jiangnan, originally meaning the south of the river. "Jiang" in Chinese has the meaning of "big river", which is the Yangtze River. Therefore, geographically, "Jiangnan" generally refers to "south of the Yangtze River".

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period, and the Qin and Han Dynasties, it generally refers to the southern part of the Yangtze River south of Hubei, including Hunan and Jiangxi.

In modern times, it refers to the area of southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang. In addition: Tang Zhenguan Ten Roads, Jiangnan Province includes: Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, southeast of Danyang in Jiangsu and south of the Yangtze River in Anhui.

The Jiangnan mentioned in the poem refers to the area that has been beautified by the literati. It is mainly centered on Jiangsu and Hangzhou, and the Taihu Lake basin south of the Yangtze River in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Culturally, the definition of Jiangnan is not limited to the north and south of the Yangtze River, but refers to a kind of water town culture centered on the Taihu culture of Su Xichang, including Yangzhou culture, Huizhou culture, and Jinling culture.

Speaking of Jiangnan, everyone naturally thinks of Suxichang, Hangjiahu, Mingzhou Shaoxing generation, in ancient times, called the six provinces of Jiangnan (Suzhou, Changzhou, Huzhou, Hangzhou, Songjiang, Jiaxing). In the Qing Dynasty, there were four provinces south of the Yangtze River: Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Anhui, and there were beautiful women in every city.

1. Jiangnan cultural characteristics:

1. The mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River are beautiful, the climate is warm, and there are many waters, and human nature is generally more beautiful and wise, which is conducive to art.

2. In the process of conquering rivers and oceans for a long time, the residents of Jiangnan have developed a resolute character and formed an open-minded, heroic and courageous temperament.

3. Jiangnan culture has outstanding characteristics of advocating literature, and the society generally advocates culture and education, and attaches importance to culture and education.

4. Jiangnan culture has the characteristics of openness and inclusiveness.

2. Topographical features:

The most obvious feature of the topography of the Jiangnan region is that it is hilly, plain and watery. Jiangnan is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain, Jiangnan hills, the topography is high in the south and low in the north, the terrain in the north is flat, mainly plains and hills, and there are some mountains in the south; In addition to abundant precipitation, the Jiangnan region is also home to two major water systems, the Yangtze River and the Qiantang River, which are connected to each other by canals.

Jiangnan originally meant the area south of the Yangtze River. In ancient times, Jiangnan often represented a prosperous and developed culture, education, and beautiful and rich water town, and the region was roughly divided into areas on the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Jiangnan, it represents the infinite yearning and hope of the Chinese for a better life.

However, the definition and application of the word Jiangnan have never been unified between ancient and modern Chinese and foreign scholars. In addition, there are Jiangnan culture, four famous buildings, 12 scenery and celebrities named Jiangnan, **** and songs. Historically, "Jiangnan" has always been an ever-changing and flexible regional concept, and it has never had a unified definition and standard in all the research works on "Jiangnan" today.

The meaning of "Jiangnan" is varied in ancient texts. It is often a term that stands side by side with regional concepts such as "Jiangbei" and "Central Plains", and is ambiguous. Historically, Jiangnan was both a natural and political region.

Jiangnan has three meanings: first, the natural geography of Jiangnan, that is, south of the Yangtze River; The second is the administrative geography of Jiangnan, the Tang Dynasty set up Jiangnan Road, the Song Dynasty had Jiangnan East Road and Jiangnan West Road, the Qing Dynasty had Jiangnan Province, and the concept of Jiangnan has changed over the dynasties; The third is the cultural Jiangnan, which was basically the same as the concept of Jiangnan in the Tang Dynasty before modern times.

There is heaven above, and there is Suzhou and Hangzhou below", and the Nanjing described in "Jiangnan Spring" is naturally the representative of Jiangnan.

Jiangnan is good, and the scenery is old. The sunrise river flowers are red like fire, and the spring river is as green as blue. Can you not remember Jiangnan?

Quiet, hazy.

I still remember an article about the moon in the south of the Yangtze River: the moon is like a shy little girl, showing half of her little face very reluctantly. The naughty star brothers also pushed me, and they scrambled to appear one after another, and surrounded Sister Moon in groups, maybe this is the so-called stars holding the moon!

The gentle moonlight illuminates the small river in the village very brightly, like a winding jade belt, and the starlight on the river surface is also looking mischievously. At this time, Su Shi's "Water Tune Song Head" sounded in my ears again, "When is the bright moon, ask the wine to the sky." ”

The rain in the south of the Yangtze River is delicate but not simple, clean and moisturizing, compared to the rain in the north, it is clean and smart, and the heavy rain is heavier, it is soft and gentle. He has the beauty of the essence of rain. And he seems to be like a girl's brisk steps, like a slow song in the distance.

When the wind blows, it moistens thousands of homes, fluttering and sprinkling, flying all over the sky, and it is extremely brisk.

"Jiangnan" has always been a constantly changing and flexible regional concept, and in the narrow sense, Jiangnan mostly refers to Suzhou, Wuxi and other regions in southern Jiangsu, Huzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Jiaxing, Jinhua and other regions in Zhejiang, as well as parts of the Yangtze River Delta composed of Shanghai.

The Jiangnan region includes Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Huzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Jiaxing, Shanghai, Ningbo, Yangzhou, Nantong, Wuhu, Xuancheng, Huangshan, Ma'anshan, Chizhou, Tongling, Anqing, Jiujiang, Shangrao, Jingdezhen, etc.

Jiangnan refers to Wu alone, with Suzhou, Xichang, Hangjiahu as the center, southern Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, southeastern Anhui, and northeast Jiangxi, excluding Hunan, Hubei, and Fujian.

Said the Great Gangnam area includes.

Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi.

The Gangnam region was originally a regional concept with a wide range and a long history.

The Jiangnan region in a broad sense includes all of southern Jiangsu, southern Anhui and Zhejiang;

In the narrow sense, the Jiangnan region refers to the northeastern part of the plain, namely the Suxichang area in southern Jiangsu, the Hangjiahu area in Zhejiang, and the Shanghai city.

What are the cities in the Gangnam area? If you count it as a country, it is the seventh in the world!

Jiangnan should be divided into broad and narrow senses, and the broad sense roughly refers to the vast area south of the Yangtze River, east of the Three Gorges, north of the Nanling Mountains, and west of Wuyi Mountain, that is, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Hunan and other regions. In a narrow sense, it refers to Suzhou, Xichang, Shanghai and northern Zhejiang.

The "Jiangnan area" we call includes the Jiangnan region, which is located in the ground, that is, the vast area south of the Yangtze River; It also includes the customary Jiangnan region, such as: Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou.

It is customary to call the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as Jiangnan, including: Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, parts of Anhui Province, Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province, and Hubei Province.

The place with three points of water is south of Gangnam.

Shanghai, Nanjing, Suzhou, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Changzhou, Wuxi, Huzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Jiaxing, Ningbo, Wuhu, Xuancheng, Huangshan, Ma'anshan, Chizhou, Tongling, Anqing, Nanchang, Jiujiang, Shangrao, Jingdezhen.

"Jiangnan" has always been a constantly changing, flexible regional concept, the narrow sense of Jiangnan mostly refers to Nanjing, Suzhou, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Changzhou, Wuxi and other regions in southern Jiangsu, Huzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Jiaxing, Ningbo and other regions in Zhejiang, as well as part of the Yangtze River Delta composed of Shanghai.

Geographically, the Jiangnan region includes Wuhu, Xuancheng, Huangshan, Ma'anshan, Chizhou, Tongling, Anqing and other areas in the southeast and south of Anhui; Nanchang, Jiujiang, Shangrao, Jingdezhen and other areas in the north and northeast of Jiangxi.

Jiangnan, literally means the south of the Yangtze River, and in the concept of human geography, it specifically refers to the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

In different historical periods, the literary imagery of Jiangnan is not the same. Jiangnan first appeared in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, it was the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River referred to by the vassal states such as Wu and Yue, that is, present-day Shanghai; northern Zhejiang; southern Jiangsu; southeastern and southern Anhui; northeastern part of Jiangxi; and other parts of the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (excerpted from the CCTV documentary Where is Jiangnan).

Jiangnan was once called Wuyue by the Central Plains, and later with the large number of Han people in the Central Plains moving south, Jiangnan became a beautiful and rich region, and Jiangnan was known for its talented and beautiful women and wealth.

From ancient times to the present, "Jiangnan" has always been an ever-changing and flexible regional concept. Jiangnan often represents a prosperous economy and a beautiful and rich water town.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Jiangnan mainly referred to the former Jiangxi Province (Jiangnan West Road) and Jiangnan Province (Jiangnan East Province) (Jiangsu and Anhui Province are collectively referred to) and Zhejiang Province.