How Ancient Buildings Are Earthquake Resistant How Ancient Chinese Buildings Are Earthquake Resistan

In ancient China, people have accumulated a lot of advanced defense and forecasting technology and knowledge at that time and even in modern times. For example, as early as 132 A.D., Zhang Heng of the Eastern Han Dynasty invented the world's first test instrument - the wind and ground motion instrument.

Many ancient buildings in our country have summarized and utilized a number of measures to prevent disasters, which reflect excellent earthquake-resistant structures and performance, and have achieved very good results. For example, the wooden pagoda of Yingxian County in Shanxi Province is the first batch of state-level key cultural relics protection units in China, which has not been destroyed for nearly a thousand years and has withstood the test of countless disasters.

The experts of the Envision Design Institute analyzed the seismic performance of the wooden tower and found that first of all, the tower foundation is solid, the underground soil structure is dense and stable, the depth of the column root is kept on the same plane, so that the settlement is uniform, and the stone foundation is added on top of the pile foundation, which is first square and then octagonal, which is quite stable: the ratio of the height of the tower to the range of the foundation is 2:1, which is conducive to the stability of the wooden tower; In terms of the tower body, the overall structure is appropriately proportioned, the octagonal shape is very stable, the attic building is a frame structure, there is a circle of inner groove columns in the center to play a stabilizing role, and there are four groups of dark layers in the outer groove part of the five-storey pavilion, and later the diagonal brace was added.

The wooden structure of the whole tower has the seismic advantages of the "beam frame mortise and tenon" structure of ancient buildings in China.

Worship the heavens every year, and ask the gods to calm their wrath.

From the last century to the present, there have been several big ** in China. Each time it is big, it has caused countless casualties and huge economic losses. This cost has a lot to do with the way modern buildings are built and the materials used.

Modern buildings are mainly based on concrete materials and brick materials, so they are rigid and inelastic, and it is easy to tear when encountering a slightly larger one.

Reinforced concrete frame.

The ancient architecture of our country is mainly based on the wood structure system, and the core of the wood structure system is the mortise and tenon technology. The tenon and mortise can be used in a variety of ways to keep the connected components in place.

Mortise and tenon technology. How does the mortise and tenon structure resist **? The principle is that there is a trace of gap at the joint of mortise and tenon joints, so that a certain amount of deformation is allowed, and a certain amount of energy is offset by deformation under the load.

It can be said that the dougong that constitutes the structural system of ancient buildings in China, or the beam and pillar workshop, etc., have a good elastic effect because of the use of mortise and tenon technology.

Of course, the timber frame system itself is a soft material, unlike the reinforced concrete column-and-beam structures we use today. This is also the advantage that ancient buildings have to resist the ** itself.

This is the soft characteristic of ancient buildings that can resist the **, and then talk about the reason for its hard aspects.

First of all, the foundation is more exquisite, for example, the Xi'an Little Wild Goose Pagoda we see today, which has suffered many times since it was built more than 1,000 years ago, and is still unharmed.

In history, the Little Wild Goose Pagoda has encountered the miracle of "three openings and three closings". According to expert research, the measures of its defense are hemispherical rammed soil for the underground foundation, with a diameter of 30 meters, and the small wild goose pagoda is located in its center, in fact, it forms a group of "tumbler shapes", which is no wonder that the small wild goose pagoda does not fall.

Secondly, before building a house in ancient China, it was necessary to build a platform first, in fact, the platform itself can play a good buffering role, avoiding direct contact with the building, thereby weakening the impact of the building on the building.

In addition, there is a great feature of ancient architecture in China, that is, the roof accounts for a large proportion of the whole building, in other words, the heavy roof is pressed on the building, which can make the building more stable in terms of earthquake resistance.

What do you think? After reading it, do you have a deeper understanding of the earthquake resistance on ancient buildings in our country?

Ancient buildings are built using mortise and tenon joints to assemble the structure together, which has a certain seismic effect, but it is not possible to encounter a large **. Nowadays, the earthquake resistance of many houses is very good, and this is all tested.

The reason why ancient buildings can achieve the effect of earthquake resistance is actually mainly to build with a stable attraction. The reason why the current technology is not good is actually because the distance between the houses is very close now.

Because most of the buildings in ancient times were only one storey, and some houses were only three stories highest. Even if it happens, it won't cause too many people. And now the house is often dozens of stories high, and the population is also very dense, so once it happens, it will be a devastating disaster.

Bucket arch is a construction made of many mortise and tenon joints. There are many forms of mortise and tenon joints, but the general feature is that when the two components of the tenon and the mortise are combined, the tighter and tighter the tension is more and more loose, in view of this characteristic, the ancient architects in the construction of the hall are often intentional to make all the peripheral wooden pillars slightly inclined inward.

In the case of **, this combination of mortise and tenon joints makes the main parts of the building often only shake once and then return to their original position.

Excerpt from the documentary "Ancient Chinese Architecture".

The cylinder structure has excellent seismic performance. It can be a reinforced concrete or steel structure.

High-rise buildings should consider: the impact of large settlement on the surrounding area (municipal pipe network, buildings), shape wind tunnel experiments, light pollution of glass curtain walls, disaster escape, parking, urban traffic, etc.

The building with the best seismic performance should be the building with frame structure, and the seismic performance of the building with steel structure is the first.

There are many issues that should be considered in the design of high-rise buildings, and it is not clear in a few words. Fire prevention, falling from height, evacuation of personnel, safety protection, are high-rise building problems that cannot be ignored.

High-rise buildings have no earthquake resistance in the event of a disaster, only the danger of early collapse.

1. Shear wall structure.

2. Rachel ribs.

With the current level of science and technology, it cannot be predicted, but it can be predicted.

That is to say, we can't change the judgment of how big ** will happen at a certain time and in a certain place, but we can know whether the probability of a certain level or more ** will occur in a certain area in a few decades.

If we look closely, there are two characteristics of the buildings that have stood for thousands of years in our country:

First, timber construction

Second, the main thing is the tower

Experts analyzed the seismic performance of the wooden tower, and found that first of all, the tower foundation is solid, the underground soil structure is dense and stable, the depth of the column root is kept on the same plane, so that the settlement remains uniform, and the pile foundation is added to the stone foundation, which is first square, and then octagonal, which is quite stable: the ratio of the tower height to the range of the foundation is 2:1, which is conducive to the stability of the wooden tower; In terms of the tower body, the overall structure is appropriately proportioned, there is a circle of inner groove columns in the center to play a stabilizing role, and there are four groups of dark layers in the outer groove part of the five-story pavilion, and later the diagonal brace was added.

The wooden structure of the whole tower has the seismic advantages of the "beam frame mortise and tenon" structure of ancient buildings in China.

We know that there are many ancient wooden towers in China, but why there are few surviving ones, in addition to the craftsmanship of craftsmen, there are also local geological conditions. In contrast, the load-bearing wall system has been used in the West for thousands of years, and it was not until the Industrial Revolution and the development of modern science and technology that the superiority of the frame structure was realized and began to be popularized on a large scale.

Historically, many buildings with buckets can resist strong **, such as the Huayan Temple in Datong, Shanxi, where the main hall with buckets can still survive without the destruction of low-grade annexes without buckets, which fully illustrates the contribution of buckets to earthquakes. For the ancient buildings that are basically about to reach the limit, a new load-bearing system will be established to replace the original load-bearing system.

In fact, the biggest problem facing the protection of ancient buildings is not from the natural disaster, but from the artificial change and commercialization.

It is not only necessary for ancient buildings to survive natural disasters, but more importantly, to stand tall in the tide of commercialization!

Ancient wooden buildings are generally logs and sawn slabs, and the most commonly used large wood is cedar (shan), but also pine, corn, beech, cypress, nanmu and so on. The details are as follows: 1. Cedar (shan) wood.

It is mostly used for pillars, trusses, rafters, lookout boards, friezes, and lookout strips in the wooden structure of halls and pavilions. The corrosion resistance and compressive performance of fir are stable, not easy to be eaten by insects, and the wood is light in weight and not easy to deform, it is an ideal building material, the rigidity of the compressive wrist force is very good, and the seismic performance is also good. 2. Loose.

It is not widely used in ancient buildings, generally columns, beams, fangs, trusses, etc. do not use pine wood, its hardness is better than fir wood, but the anti-corrosion and insect-proof performance is not as good as fir wood, and the deflection of pine wood is larger, easy to crack and deform, and there is the problem of oil seepage in the future if the oil bag is not handled well. Pine wood is used only when the cost is overly considered, but it needs to be used after taking anti-corrosion and insect control measures. It is often used on some straw trellis and some bent rafters and straw lookout boards in the pavilion.

3. Corn and beech. These two kinds are tough wood, which are often used in ancient buildings to make some load-bearing frames, such as the door beams in the bay, the deep beams, the flower basket beams and corner beam pads in the flower basket hall, and the wooden tips of the column eye door. 4. Cypress.

It is often used for decoration (or small wood) and sills, wooden tips in the real door, insertion and horizontal board on the wall board, wooden hammer in the tool, Luogu copy board in the bricklayer, and also used to make flat beams. 5. Camphor. It is often used as bending rafters, bending corners and wood carvings, such as staircase corner handrails, Buddha statues, beauty leaning (Wu Wang leaning) of the footmaterial, flower board, bucket arch ang, etc. (also the folk in the past to make wardrobes, food box materials) 6, Nanmu.

Generally, it is only used in the construction of palaces, palaces and high-end halls with nanmu as columns, and some flower halls in the south of the beam also have some beams, columns or some decorations with nanmu. 7. Ginkgo biloba. It is often used in high-end wood decoration.

Because it is not easy to deform, the wood is delicate and smooth and easy to carve, and is often used in the hall of wood decoration, floor covers, plaques, hugging pairs, signboards and finely carved mezzanine boards.