The room and frame of ancient Chinese architecture? Brief description .

Between the beams and beams is called "between", and between trusses and trusses is called "frame".

Great Wall. The Great Wall symbolizes the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancient Chinese working people. The mountains overlap here, the situation is dangerous, and the extremely majestic city wall circles north and south and extends among the mountains and mountains.

Imperial palace. The Forbidden City, the palace buildings of the Forbidden City are all wooden structures, yellow glazed tile roofs, blue and white stone bases, decorated with brilliant paintings. It is an incomparable masterpiece of ancient architecture, and it is also the world's largest and most complete ancient building complex with wooden structure.

Mogao Grottoes. Mogao Grottoes, Mogao Grottoes is one of the world's largest, longest-built, richest and best-preserved Buddhist cave temple sites, known as the "art gallery in the desert" and "museum on the wall", famous for its exquisite murals and statues.

Penglai Pavilion. The whole ancient building feast potato building group pavilions and pavilions are appropriately distributed, the temple gardens reflect each other, and the hungry people are set up according to the situation, and the coordination is magnificent. The whole building is steep and precipitous, the momentum is majestic, Zhu Bi shines, and the scenery is magnificent.

Potala Palace. Potala Palace, Potala Palace is a large-scale palace-style complex, known as the "Pearl of the Roof of the World", it is the symbol of Lhasa and even the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the world's highest and most majestic palace, the collection of extremely rich cultural relics and handicrafts, but also cherishes the unique snowy cultural heritage.

Between the beams and beams is called "between", and between trusses and trusses is called "frame".

1. Easy to obtain materials;

2. Strong adaptability;

3. Strong seismic performance;

4. The construction speed is fast;

5. Easy to repair and relocate.

The long-term and widespread use of timber frame architecture as a mainstream building type in China must have its inherent advantages, but there are also fundamental drawbacks: wood is now less and less abundant, and it is vulnerable to fire; The simply supported beam system is difficult to meet the needs of larger and more complex spaces.

First of all, the material is easy to take, the processing speed is fast, it only takes 14 years to build the entire Forbidden City, compared with hundreds of years to build a church abroad, the processing cycle of the wooden structure is much shorter, and it is easy to form a scale on the plane.

Secondly, the structure adopts a frame structure, with free windows and doors, and grilles are added indoors, so the space fluency and freedom are much larger than those of Western masonry structures.

Thirdly, the seismic resistance is good, mainly because the wood structure junction adopts the form of hinging, coupled with the characteristics of wood materials, the deformation degree is increased, and the seismic performance is intact. For example, during the Wenchuan ** period, all the houses built later collapsed, and many centuries-old houses were intact.

Chinese timber frame architecture has been used as a mainstream building type for so long and widely, which must have its inherent advantages, which are embodied in: convenient access to materials; Adaptable; It has strong seismic performance; The speed of construction is fast; It is easy to repair and relocate. But there are also fundamental flaws:

Wood is now scarce and vulnerable to fire; The simply supported beam system is difficult to meet the needs of larger and more complex spaces.

The Zhou Dynasty created the Jingtian system and the sub-feudal system, the former is the economic basis of the latter, the Jingtian system: the Jingtian system is the land state-owned system of China's ancient jujube cultivation society, which prevailed in the Western Zhou Dynasty. At that time, roads and channels crisscrossed the land, dividing the land into squares shaped like the character "well", hence the name "well field".

The well field belonged to the king of Zhou and was allocated to the common people. The lord was not allowed to buy, sell or transfer the well field, and he had to pay a certain tribute. The lords forced the common people to cultivate the well fields collectively, with private fields around them and public fields in the middle.

The Jingtian system was a dominant land system in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and it still retains some forms or shells of land management by rural communes under the public ownership system of the primitive society, but its nature is already a land exploitation system under slavery. The shore of the land is not the origin of the king's land. Later, with the development of productive forces, new land was developed, private land gradually increased, and the well field system began to collapse.

Sub-feudal system: In order to maintain the rule, the sub-feudal system stipulates that the princes must obey the orders of Zhou Tianzi, and the princes have the obligation to defend the territory for Zhou Tianzi's town stool, follow the battle, pay tribute and report on the Hajj, govern the vassal state, and defend the country. At the same time, the princes in their own fiefdoms, and the Qing Dafu implemented a re-fiefdom.

The doctor then gave the land and the people to the scholars. Doctors and sergeants should also bear the duty of fighting and other duties to the higher levels. In this way, the layers were divided, and a strict hierarchy within the aristocratic ruling class was formed: "Son of Heaven - Princes - Princes - Doctors - Scholars".

Later, the feudal country gradually became stronger, not obeying the first order, annexing each other, leading to the emergence of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Seven Heroes, after the pro-unification of the six countries, the abolition of the feudal system, the implementation of the county system, in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bang in order to consolidate the rule of the surname Liu, killed the princes with different surnames, and divided the children surnamed Liu as kings, which led to the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms of Wu and Chu at the time of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, and the implementation of the Tui En Order during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the feudal country has been in a state of collapse since then, although there were also vassal kings in the Ming Dynasty, but the nature has been different from the feudal system. The feudal system died out in the Han Dynasty.

I hope you understand, if you don't understand, you can ask again. Hehehe.

1.Palace: Forbidden City, Beijing, Hubei Wudang Mountain Imperial Complex, 2

Building brand: Anhui Xi County's martyrdom, 3Building, Yellow Crane Tower, Yueyang Tower, Bell and Drum Towers in Nanjing, Xi'an and other places, etc., 4:

Pavilion: Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang, 5Tower:

The stupa of Shaolin Temple, 6Bridge: Lugou Bridge, 7

Huabiao, 8 ancient city walls: the Great Wall and so on.

1. Timber structure. Jiangnan famous buildings Yellow Crane Tower, Yueyang Tower.

2 brick structure. Liaoyang White Tower of the Liao Dynasty.

3. Mixed structure (masonry). A large number of ancient buildings belong to this category of detailed structures: beam lifting type, bucket type, well dry type, there is no way to draw.

This article introduces a total of seven kinds of buildings in ancient China, which have many similarities with each other, but have their own characteristics due to their different functions in the building complex.

Ancient Chinese architecture uses wood, bricks and tiles as the main building materials, and wood frame structure as the main structural method.

This structural method is constructed by the main components such as columns, beams, and purlins, and the nodes between each component are matched by mortise and tenon joints to form an elastic framework. In ancient China, there were three different structural methods of wooden frame: lifting beams, piercing buckets, and well drying.

The beam-lifting type is to erect a beam on the column, and the beam is lifted on the beam, so it is called "beam-lifting type". This structure is often used in large buildings such as palaces, altars, temples, and monasteries.

The bucket type is to use the fang to wear the rows of columns to become a row of frames, and then use the fang, purlin to connect, so it is called the bucket type. It is mostly used for residential buildings and smaller buildings. The dry well type is made of timber stacked on top of each other, so named because the space enclosed by it resembles a well.

This structure is relatively primitive and simple, and is rarely used nowadays, except in a few forested areas. The timber frame structure has many advantages, first of all, the load-bearing and envelope structure has a clear division of labor, the roof weight is borne by the timber frame, the exterior wall plays the role of blocking sunlight, heat insulation and cold protection, and the interior wall plays the role of dividing the interior space. Since the walls are not load-bearing, this structure gives the building great flexibility.

Secondly, it is conducive to earthquake-proof, earthquake-resistant, the wood frame structure is very similar to today's frame structure, due to the characteristics of wood, and the structure of the frame uses the bucket arch and mortise and tenon joint have a number of stretch room, so within a certain limit can reduce the harm caused by the first to this frame. “

The wall collapses and the house does not collapse" vividly expresses the characteristics of this structure.