Ancient Chinese architecture Pavilions and pavilions

When traveling and viewing places of interest in China, you will often encounter pavilions and other buildings, which are located among the strange mountains and beautiful waters, dotted with poetic and picturesque scenery everywhere.

Zhichun Pavilion in the Summer Palace.

A kiosk is a small building with a roof and no walls. There are many shapes such as round, square, hexagonal, octagonal, plum, and fan. The pavilion is often built on the mountain, next to the water, among the flowers, and on the bridge, which can provide people with shade and shelter from the rain, rest and watch the scenery, and also make the scenery in the garden more beautiful.

Most of the pavilions in China are built of wood, bamboo, brick, and stone, such as the Wulong Pavilion in Beihai Park in Beijing and the Canglang Pavilion in Suzhou.

The Summer Palace Promenade.

The corridor is the passage between the buildings in the garden. Not only does it provide shade from the sun and rain, but it also acts as a scenic guide for visitors to enjoy the scenery through the space between the pillars. The promenade in Beijing's Summer Palace is the longest in a Chinese garden, with the tranquil Kunming Lake on one side and the verdant Wanshou Mountain and groups of classical buildings on the other.

Visitors stroll through the promenade and can enjoy the beautiful lakes and mountains everywhere.

Water Pavilion. A pavilion is a house built on a high platform. Pavilions are generally built in the water, at the water's edge, or by the flowers. The one built at the water's edge is also called the "Water Pavilion", which is built for visitors to enjoy the water scenery, such as the Water Pavilion in Beihai Park, the Water Heart Pavilion in Chengde Summer Resort, etc.

Yellow crane tower. The pavilion is a tall building with more than two floors of gold. It can be used for visitors to climb high and look far away, rest and watch the scenery; It can also be used to collect books and offer to the Buddha, and hang bells and drums.

In China, there are many famous pavilions, such as the Penglai Pavilion in Shandong near the sea, the Foxiang Pavilion in the Summer Palace in Beijing, the Tengwang Pavilion in Jiangxi, the Yueyang Tower in Hunan, and the Yellow Crane Tower in Hubei.

First, the difference in the location of the building.

1. Pavilions are mostly built outdoors, such as being built on the side of the road for pedestrians to rest, enjoy the shade or enjoy the scenery.

2. Buildings are mostly built in residential and living places.

3. Pavilion, mostly built in a large number of locations.

Second, the difference in modeling.

1. Pavilion, the common pavilion is mostly supported by a single column or multiple columns, and the surrounding is open, generally without windows, and there are seats around it. There are also pavilions with a small table in the middle.

2. Building, the building only has windows on one or two sides for people to watch the scenery through the windows. This is somewhat similar to today's buildings, which were usually north-south houses with north-south windows in the north and south. There are also flat seats, but only on one side, there is a flat bench that allows you to go out and enjoy the view by the railing, which is somewhat similar to the balcony of today's buildings.

3, the pavilion, there are windows on all sides of the pavilion, and there are also doors, and there are also flat seats that are picked out around the coarse song, for people to walk around the pavilion, and watch the scenery. The flat seat is equipped with a beauty chair (a chair-like chair).

3. Differences in main functions.

1. The pavilion is a place for people to rest. It can be used for people to rest or watch the scenery, for people to play chess and drink.

2. Building, building is a house for people to live in, in the garden building is mostly two-storey, and some have three floors. The building appeared in the Warring States period, when it was mainly used to watch the enemy's battle, and later developed into a residence for people to live in, mainly for female dependents.

3. Pavilion, for people to rest, watch the scenery by the railing.

China's three most famous buildings.

Yellow Crane Tower - Located on the Snake Mountain in Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, the Yangtze River flows slowly from the bottom of the building, and many literati and artists linger here.

Tengwang Pavilion - located in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, on the shore of the Yangtze River, is the only one of the three famous buildings.

Yueyang Tower - located in Yueyang City, Hunan Province, the West Gate of the city, close to the shore of Dongting Lake, was built in the Three Kingdoms Soochow period. Since ancient times, it has the reputation of "Dongting Tianxia Water, Yueyang Tianxia Tower", and is famous for the "Yueyang Tower" of Fan Zhongyan in the Northern Song Dynasty.

So what is the difference between a building and a pavilion?

The building is mainly raised from the ground, and the pavilion is mainly built on the pedestal, there is no restriction on the construction of the building, and the construction of the pavilion is limited, only the royal family and nobles can build.

King Teng's Pavilion was built by King Teng, and it was built after Li Shimin's younger brother Li Yuanying came to Nanchang.

"Pavilion, platform, building, pavilion, pavilion, pavilion, pavilion, Zhai, Yuan".

Pavilion: A building with a roof and no walls for resting, mostly built on the side of the road or in a garden.

Table: A tall, flat square building made of earth or masonry.

Building: Heavy house, a house with more than two floors.

Pavilion: A kind of small overhead building, a kind of traditional building. It is characterized by the fact that it is usually surrounded by partition doors or railing corridors, which are used for overlooking, recreation, book collection and Buddha.

Pavilion: A wooden house built on a raised platform or on the water (or near the water).

Xuan: Originally refers to a car with a tent or curtain in ancient times. It also refers to buildings such as pavilions and pavilions characterized by spaciousness, as well as corridors or huts with windows.

Lent: Originally referred to the residence of the ancients when fasting. It also often refers to Yajing's study, school, etc.

Yuan: In the old days, it referred to the outer door of the military camp and the official office, and it was borrowed to refer to the government office.

Tao Ran Pavilion. The famous pavilion of the Qing Dynasty is now one of the four famous historical pavilions in China. Located in Beijing.

Aiwan Pavilion, located in the Qingfeng Gorge at the foot of Yuelu Mountain in Hunan Province, was founded in 1792, and its name is ** in Du Mu's seven-character quatrain "Mountain Travel".

Drunken Weng Pavilion is located in the southwest of Chuzhou City, Anhui Province, next to Langya Mountain, ranked the first of the four famous pavilions, was built in the Northern Song Dynasty Qingli seven years (1047), named by Ouyang Xiu, one of the eight masters of the Tang and Song dynasties, and wrote the article "Drunken Weng Pavilion" is famous.

Lanting is located at the foot of Lanzhu Mountain, 14 kilometers southwest of Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, and is the residence of Wang Xizhi, a famous calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Tianxin Pavilion is located in the southeast corner of the central area of Changsha, on the ancient city wall at the intersection of Chengnan Road and Tianxin Road. It is a city tower in the ancient city of Changsha. It is an important scenic spot in Changsha and the only remaining symbol of the ancient city in Changsha.

Huxin Pavilion, one of the four famous pavilions in China, is located in West Lake**. It is the earliest island in the lake with the three pools of the moon and Ruan Gongdun, which is the earliest island among the three islands.

Yueyang Tower is located in Yueyang City, Hunan Province, the ancient city wall of the West Gate, looking down at Dongting, looking at Jun Mountain in front, since ancient times, it has the reputation of "Dongting Tianxia Water, Yueyang Tianxia Tower", and Hubei Wuchang Yellow Crane Tower, Jiangxi Nanchang Tengwang Pavilion and called "the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River".

The Yellow Crane Tower is located on the top of Wuchang Snake Mountain on the south bank of the Changjiang River in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and is a national 5A-level tourist attraction, enjoying the title of "the first floor of the world's rivers and mountains" and "the world's superb scenery".

Tengwang Pavilion, one of the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, is located in the northwest of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, along the east bank of the Ganjiang River, was built in the fourth year of Yonghui in the Tang Dynasty.

The stork tower is located in the east bank of the Yellow River in the west of the ancient city of Puzhou, Yongji City, Shanxi Province, with a total of six floors, facing Zhongtiao Mountain in front and facing the Yellow River below, which is a famous scenic spot in Hezhong Mansion in the Tang Dynasty.

Penglai Pavilion Penglai Pavilion was built in the Northern Song Dynasty Jiayou 6 years (AD 1061), standing on the top of Danya Mountain, the sea of clouds is surrounded by the waves and mountains, and the beautiful scenery of the sea and mountains emerges in endlessly.

Yue Wang Building, located at the top of the turtle mountain in Mianyang, Sichuan, is the eighth son of Tang Taizong Li Shimin, Yue Wang Li Zhen was built when he was appointed to Mianzhou Thorn History, was built in the Tang Gaozong Xianqing year, its scale is grand, magnificent, the building is ten zhang high (i.e. one hundred feet), when it is the first of the four famous buildings (Tengwang Pavilion is nine zhang high, the Yellow Crane Tower is six zhang high, and the Yueyang Building is three zhang high).

Fenghuangtai is the only well-preserved ancient building complex in Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, and at the same time it is the old site of the revolution, known as the "Pearl of Xianyang Ancient City", and is a key cultural relics protection unit in Shaanxi Province.

1. The difference between pavilions, platforms, floors and pavilions in ancient buildings:

1. Their appearance is different:

1) Pavilion: open structure, no wall, the top can be divided into hexagonal, octagonal, circular and other shapes.

2) Terrace: The square of the ancient soil raised is called the platform, which is usually higher than the plane of the nearby area.

3) Floor: In ancient times, it means "double-storey wooden house", and the upper space of the room is attached to a layered structure that can be used for hiding objects or living people.

4) Pavilion: In ancient architecture, the wooden structure building on the high platform is called the pavilion, with only pillars and flower windows, and no surrounding walls.

2. Their functions are different:

1) Pavilion: Mostly built on the side of the road, for pedestrians to rest, enjoy the shade or enjoy the scenery.

2) Platform: The platform is mainly built for the purpose of "viewing the four directions".

3) Floor: Mainly to increase the use of space in the room.

4) Pavilion: There are flower pavilions, water pavilions, etc. Faintly among the flowers is called the Flower Pavilion, and the one built near the water is called the Water Pavilion, and there is a platform stretching into the water surface, the platform is surrounded by low railings, the building is open and transparent, and the body shape is flat (rectangular).

3. Their scope of application is different:

1) Pavilion: Most of them are suitable for private gardens and old buildings, and the scope of application is narrow.

2) Taiwan: It is mainly embodied in some commercial buildings, playing an auxiliary role in building groups, and the scope of application is narrow.

3) Building: In civil and commercial use, the development speed is very fast, higher and higher, and better and better, and the scope of application is very wide.

4) Pavilion: Most of them are suitable for large parks and tourist attractions, and the scope of application is narrow.

Second, Xuan, Zhai, Pavilion, Nunnery characteristics:

1) Xuan: A building characterized by a porch or small house with windows.

2) Fasting: It is a house for reading, resting, meditating, and fasting.

3) Pavilion: It is characterized by two floors, characterized by windows all around, usually surrounded by partition sashes or railing corridors, for overlooking and recreation. It can also be used for book collection and offering to Buddha.

4) Nunnery: A thatched domed hut that is not open to the public. Specifically: a temple where female practitioners live.

In China's thousands of years of history and culture, the architecture of different dynasties and different ethnic groups is actually very different, so I will summarize their common characteristics through some of the more famous ancient buildings today. If there is a mistake, we hope to correct it.

The first point, which should be known to everyoneThe structure of ancient Chinese architecture was mainly wood-framed structure。As the main building material, wood is not only convenient to obtain, but also to achieve practical effects, and to create a beautiful architectural style. There are three kinds of timber frames: lifting beams, piercing buckets, and well drying, among which the beam lifting type ranks first among the three.

The weight of the roof is mainly borne by the wood structure, and the wood structure can be shockproof, which can reduce the impact on the building to a certain extent.

The second feature is the courtyard-style layout。Ancient Chinese architecture combines single buildings into courtyards, and then uses courtyards as units to form various groups, so each group has at least one courtyard. The plane layout of courtyards and groups in ancient Chinese architecture generally adopts the symmetrical layout of the central axis, with the center as the courtyard, and pays attention to the principle of balance and symmetry.

The layout form also has a strict directionality, except for a few buildings that are limited by the terrain and are flexible, the others are often north-south.

The third is the carving, decoration and variety of colors。Ancient Chinese buildings are made of wood, so insect prevention and anti-corrosion are extremely important and exquisite. It is common to apply a layer of paint on the surface of the frame such as beams and columns, but ancient Chinese architecture pays attention to aesthetics, and often uses mineral pigments to paint gorgeous patterns to beautify the components, which has led to the development of architectural paintings.

The carving decoration is not only beautiful, but also saves materials, which is really a double win.

The above three points are some of the characteristics that I have briefly summarized, but after all, they are the characteristics of ancient buildings formed by thousands of precipitation, and there are many things I don't understand, so I will not list them here. Ancient Chinese architecture also has a variety of architectural forms such as halls, pavilions, pavilions, corridors, platforms, temples, altars, towers, walls, and workshops.

Ancient Chinese architecture was all about symmetry, so one of its characteristics is symmetry. And it also has the characteristics of shock absorption and shock resistance.

Ancient Chinese architecture was mainly built of wood and bricks, and the pavilions, pavilions, and pavilions were mainly built by wooden frames. There is a strict hierarchy in the form, layout, and color of the building.

1. The eaves are mostly shaped with wingspans and corners.

2. There is a tall building pedestal.

3. Color, use more blue, yellow, blue, white. The colors are bright and gorgeous.

4. Most of them are wooden houses.

Ancient building names: palace, hall, pavilion, platform, altar, corridor, chamber, etc.

1. Palace. Basic Definition: The house where the emperor and the prince livedHouses where mythical gods live. The name of the temple. The name of the house used for mass cultural activities or entertainment.

Example sentence: Julia and her husband then settled in the Barolo Palace in Turin, where they worked non-stop to help the most needy people in the city.

2. Temple. Basic Definition: A tall house, especially a house dedicated to gods and Buddhas or emperors and governors.

Example sentence: In the past, who was the bow and arrow in the priest's temple, I liked the picture that you only belonged to me in the crowd, passing by the goddess Sumei, I made a wish in the name of the goddess, and my thoughts spread like the Tigris River, when the ancient civilization was only left with incomprehensible language, the legend became an immortal poem.

3. Kiosk. Basic Definition: Pavilion, a kind of building with a roof and no walls, generally only one room. Mostly built in parks. A small room like a pavilion.

Example sentence: The design of this pavilion can be described as original, and then look at this painting on the pillar, it is really wonderful!

4. a platform. Basic Definition: A flat and tall building, which is easy to look at from above. Indoor and outdoor equipment (made of brick or wood) in public places that is raised above the ground to facilitate speech or performance.

Example sentence: The fans in the stands desperately waved the flag and shouted for our national team, and the sound shook the earth.

5. Altar. Basic interpretation: In ancient times, the platform used for rituals such as sacrifices and oaths was mostly built with earth and stone. A place to give lectures or make speeches. A platform made of mounds of earth is often planted with flowers. The organization of worship assemblies set up by certain congregations.

Example sentences: 6, corridor.

Basic Definition: Porch, aisle under the eaves or covered aisle. The eaves of the corridor and the part of the front eaves of the house that protrude from the sedan car.

Example sentence: In today's cleaning, our class is responsible for cleaning the corridor, and we also have to send five students to the auditorium to clean the glass.

7. a compartment. Basic definition: wings, houses on both sides in front of the main house. A place spaced out like a house.

Example sentence: What an elegant and delicate courtyard: the east wing room is full of green bamboos; two green pines on the west wall; More than a dozen pots of autumn chrysanthemums under the south eaves, with buds to be placed; The courtyard is full of red dates, and it will be harvested.