How are ancient Chinese buildings lightning protected?

insulated lightning protection; In ancient China, people have initially gained some perceptual understanding of conductors and insulators from the conductive effect of lightning on matter. From the observation of the lightning scene, people know that thunder and lightning can pass through metal, but not through plants, trees, and plums, and that thunder and fire are not only not extinguished when they encounter water, but are more violent. For example, they saw from the scene of the lightning that the thunder fire had cracked the iron on the temple roof and melted the gold dust on the face of the Buddha elephant, while the dry wooden windows had remained intact in the thunder and fire, and the lacquerware had not been charred.

The steel sword melts into a liquid in a leather scabbard; The leather scabbard remained untouched; Although the tree was wooden, it was wet in the rain, and the thunder and fire tore the tree apart in several places. From these facts, people realized that when building buildings and towers, as long as materials cannot pass through lightning and make it difficult for the foundation to conduct electricity, such a building is not easy to be attacked. <>

Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty admired Western science and technology, and gathered many professors and missionaries of Western science and technology around him, such as Matteo Ricci, Nan Huairen, Bai Jin, etc. One of them, the Portuguese Anwensi, came to China in 1640 and experienced the appreciation of Emperor Shunzhi and the care of Emperor Kangxi during his 37 years in China. After his death, Emperor Kangxi also wrote a tombstone inscription for him and held a grand funeral.

Around 1688, he completed two books: On Chinese Writing and Language and The Twelve Wonders of China. In 1953, Lord Roy, in his book China in the Mirror, quoted many of the contents of Avens's book, such as lightning protection of ancient Chinese buildings, as follows:

The glazed tile roof shines like glass. The horns of the house point to the sky in the form of whiskers on the heads of animals, which are adorned with the most revered dragons in the empire. The shape of the roof resembles the tents that people of the Han Dynasty once lived.

The tent is fastened to a spear-like object, and at all angles they bend upwards and point towards the sky. The current brick roof still mimics the architecture of the Han Dynasty. The beast's tongue pointed into the air, and its belly passed through a metal strip that thrust one end into the ground.

In this way, when lightning falls on the house or the palace, the lightning is led by the dragon's tongue to the metal bar path, and it goes straight to the ground and dissipates without harming anyone. It is clear to see that this people are extremely wise, and they know how to combine beauty and practicality with the fruits of their labour, and how to combine wisdom and wisdom in exquisite craftsmanship. "Regarding the ancient architecture of China, in Mr. Liang Sicheng's "History of Chinese Architecture" in the book "Construction Style", the roof shape can be divided into the palace, the rest of the mountain, the mountain, the hard mountain, the roll shed, the corner, etc., and according to the number of layers of the building is divided into single eaves, heavy eaves and multiple eaves.

On the highest-level temple and mountain-style buildings, in order to show its nobility and play the role of a tile tube nail hat and use the kiss beast, such as the highest level of the Taihe Palace, in addition to the two ends of the main ridge each have a 4-ton kiss, at the end of the vertical ridge there is a team of kissing beasts composed of mocking phoenix (one of the dragons), phoenix, lion, seahorse, heavenly horse, ap fish (turtle), fox (cape), hedgehog and bullfighting nine kissing beasts plus the immortal (Xingshi, monkey shape) riding on the small beast leading the team. The metal strip of the dragon's tongue that An Wensi refers to should be the tongue of the horned mocking phoenix, which is the flash catcher. The metal strip inside the abdomen is the down wire, and the other end of the strip is inserted into the ground (ground).

This is exactly the same as Franklin's external lightning protection. The "combination of beauty and practicality" mentioned by An Wensi reflects the "extreme wisdom" of the Chinese nation. Therefore, if we count from 1652, the application of lightning protection technology in China is a hundred years earlier than Franklin's experiment.

Unfortunately, this classic is nowhere to be found in China. There is no one in the Forbidden City, and no other place has yet to be found, probably because the craftsmen did not understand its role during the historical renovation and destroyed it. <>

Lightning protection of ancient buildings, this is a very interesting topic! It is also a place where the ancient Chinese ridiculed modern science! It is mainly reflected in the fact that many ancient buildings in China have been fine for many years, and lightning protection measures have led to disasters.

The specific reason is that most of the ancient Chinese buildings are wooden structures (whether they are buildings or towers), and there are many hundreds of years of tall trees around them, which can lead lightning on rainy days, and the lightning current is far away from the ancient buildings. And the lightning protection project, in fact, should be a lightning project, which is constructed on the building. As a result, lightning strikes on the lightning protection system, so as to increase the hazard of induced current or ground wire counterattack.

When this hazard occurs, because most of the ancient buildings are wooden structures, it is easy to **.

Of course, this is not to say that lightning protection works are useless. Rather, in the lightning protection of ancient buildings, it is necessary to consider not only direct lightning, but also induction lightning and even grounding counterattack. Due to the possible lightning sparks, it is necessary to consider the distance (and the timber structure).

Perhaps, even if the ancient tall tree is gone, it is also a good idea to consider the high lightning rod at the root of the tree next to it.

Well, when it comes to lightning protection, the first thing that comes to mind is the lightning rod, but it seems that there were no particularly tall buildings in ancient times, except for the towers in Buddhist temples.

Then, the top of the tower, I don't know if there is lightning protection. So I looked it up, and then I found this link.

Lightning protection of ancient buildings

At present, the most effective and feasible way to protect the lightning of buildings is to install anti-direct lightning devices. That is, lightning rods (belts, nets, wires), down wires and grounding bodies, which introduce lightning into the earth to achieve the purpose of protecting buildings.

Buildings, especially high-rise buildings, must be designed and installed in strict accordance with the relevant state norms to prevent direct lightning strikes. The lightning protection devices of buildings put into use must be regularly tested in accordance with the regulations, and the problems are found to be repaired in time.

If you are buying a new house, be sure to observe whether the lightning protection device is complete, and check whether it has passed the review and acceptance of the relevant departments.

If you are using an old house, be sure to take care of whether the lightning protection device is damaged. Especially when repairing and renovating houses, it is easy to destroy the original lightning protection devices, and urge the management unit to carry out inspection and testing.

When building a house by an individual, it is necessary to consult the relevant lightning protection or construction experts on how to design and install lightning protection devices. When building houses in rural and suburban open areas, even low-rise buildings, consider installing direct lightning protection devices.

When installing solar water heaters and other facilities on the top of the building, it is generally beyond the protection range of the original lightning rod (belt), and it is best to install a lightning rod for it alone.

Install lightning rods, there are other lightning protection measures, and reliable grounding.

1. The lightning protection net of the large bottom plate of the foundation should be effectively connected with the steel bar of the pile.

2. The lightning protection down wire of each layer should be effectively connected.

3. The lightning protection system of the roof should be effectively connected.

4. If there is an anti-lateral lightning system, it should also be effectively connected.