What is silage called? How to make it?

Answer: Harvest at the right time. The storage of corn stalks depends on the maturity of the seeds, the proportion of green and yellow leaves, and the number of days of corn growth.

The silage of sweet potato seedlings should be cut before frost and potatoes should be produced after frost. Dry properly. If the moisture content of the silage material after harvest is high, it can be properly spread in the field for 2 6 hours to reduce the moisture content to 65% to 70%.

Transport. After harvesting, the silage raw materials should be transported to the straw site in time, if the interval is too long, it is easy to lose more nutrients. Cut short.

After the raw materials are transported, they should be cut short with a straw machine in time, 1 2 cm of green corn stalks, 2 4 cm of fresh sweet potato seedlings and alfalfa grass. Cellaring. The shortened silage raw materials should be loaded into the silage cellar in time, and the method of compacting while cutting short and loading the cellar can be adopted.

When loading the cellar, every 20 40 cm should be stepped on, especially pay attention to the surrounding and corners of the silage cellar. If there are more than 2 kinds of raw materials mixed with silage, the shortened raw materials should be mixed evenly and packed into the cellar. At the same time, check whether the moisture content of the raw materials is appropriate.

Cap. After the silage is filled, it is necessary to continue to fill the raw material until the raw material is 40 to 60 cm above the edge of the cellar, then cover it with a whole piece of plastic film, and then cover it with a layer of wet wheat straw or straw 5 10 cm thick, and finally compact it with soil, the thickness of the soil is 30 40 cm, and the surface is smoothed, and the top of the cellar is raised into the shape of a steamed bun.

1. Anaerobic and anaerobic environmentBecause the growth and reproduction of lactic acid bacteria need to be carried out in an anaerobic environment, an anaerobic environment must be created as soon as possible in the silage process. The following measures are mainly taken in the whole process of manipulation and sales. Cutting short and pressing Regardless of the silage equipment installed, the raw material needs to be cut short and compressed.

This is especially important for coarse and hard raw materials, which are usually cut into 2 3 cm stubs and used in a layer-by-layer approach.

For silage kilns, more attention should be paid to the compression of raw materials on the four walls. In the process of preparing silage, we must seize the time, concentrate manpower, machinery, and carry out assault to shorten the time when the raw materials are exposed to the air, and the faster the cellar, the better. If the cellaring time is extended, in addition to the loss of nutrients due to the influence of plant cellular respiration, the temperature also rises due to respiration, causing the reproduction of miscellaneous bacteria, resulting in the decline of silage quality.

Seal tightly No matter what type of silage container is, the silage material must be closed in time after filling to isolate the air. Now the cellar method is introduced as follows: After the cellar is full, the raw materials should be about 1 meter above the ground, and should be immediately trimmed, and covered with plastic film or tide wheat grass, and then immediately pressed the soil to seal the cellar. Cellar sealing is generally carried out in 2 stages, the first of which is carried out immediately after the cellar is full.

The second time is done every 5 to 7 days.

2 times the soil should not be less than 30 cm, and must be higher than the surrounding ground, to prevent rainwater irrigation, within 20 days after storage, but also often check whether there are cracks due to the sinking of raw materials, must be filled in time, and there are drainage ditches left around.

2. Sugar in raw materials Sugar is the raw material for lactic acid bacteria to form lactic acid, and only a sufficient amount of sugar can make lactic acid bacteria form a sufficient amount of lactic acid.

If the content of soluble sugar in the raw material is very small, even if all other conditions are met, it is not possible to produce high-quality silage. In order to make high-quality silage from raw materials that are not easy to silage or difficult to silage, measures can be taken to change the sugar content of raw materials. Generally, the addition of sugary or starchy words, such as sweet potato, potato, gramineous grain powder, etc., is used to improve the sugar content in silage raw materials.

3. Suitable moisture The general silage method requires 68% and 75% of the water content of raw materials, and it is not good to be too dry or too much water. The lack of moisture in the raw materials is not easy to compact, and there is air in it, which causes mildew and deterioration. If the raw material is soft, it can be compacted with less moisture, and the raw material is coarse and hard, which is extremely difficult to compact.

There is too much water in the raw materials, and the soluble nutrients are easy to be lost with the exuded juice.

If the bottom of the cellar is not permeable, the acidity caused by too much moisture at the bottom is mostly acetic acid, which affects the quality of the silage. When the moisture in the raw materials is less than the required content, spray an appropriate amount of water in the silage, or add a certain amount of juicy materials. If the method of spraying water is adopted, it must be even.

If there is too much moisture in the raw materials, add hay or bran to absorb the water.

It is also possible to wither the raw material in the sun, but this method is not ideal.

In short, the production of silage should be done with six with three, that is, with the collection, with the transport, with the guillotine, with the loading, with the stepping, with the sealing, to be short, to be tight, to be sealed.

Feed is a general term for the food of animals raised by all people, and in a relatively narrow sense, general feed mainly refers to the food of animals raised in agriculture or animal husbandry. So what is silage?

1. Silage is a kind of roughage obtained by chopping the green feed with a moisture content of 65% and 75%, and then passing the fermentation of anaerobic lactic acid bacteria through the early bench under the condition of closed hypoxia.

2. Its smell is sour, soft and juicy, palatability, rich in nutrition, conducive to long-term preservation, and it is an excellent feed for livestock.

That's all there is to know about what silage is.

<> plants with a large water content are used as raw materials, and the materials made after sealing and fermentation are silage, which is generally used to feed ruminants. During the silage period, it is in a sealed anaerobic environment, and the oxidation of the material is weak, and the nutrient loss is less. The silage material is tender and juicy, with high palatability and high digestibility.

The silage is stored for a long time, which can make up for the lack of time difference in the use of green fodder, so as to achieve the best throughout the year.

First, the characteristics of silage

1. The nutrients in the green feed can be retained to the greatest extent, and the silage period is in a sealed anaerobic state, and the oxidative decomposition of the material is weak, and the nutrient loss is only 3-10%.

2. The silage material is tender and juicy (the water content can reach about 70%), and due to the fermentation of microorganisms, a large amount of lactic acid and aromatic substances will be produced during the period, which improves the palatability and digestibility.

3. The shelf life of silage reaches 2-3 years or longer in Douqing, which can adjust the imbalance of green fodder, make up for the lack of time difference in the use of green fodder, and achieve a year-round balance of nutrients.

4. During the silage period, it can kill the germs and insect eggs in the green feed, destroy the regeneration ability of weed seeds, and reduce the harm to livestock, poultry and crops. Silage treatment of crop straw can improve environmental pollution caused by open burning.

Second, the type of silage

1. General silage.

1) The raw materials are chopped, compacted and sealed, and the lactic acid bacteria multiply in an anaerobic environment, so as to turn the starch and soluble sugar in the feed into lactic acid.

2) When lactic acid accumulates to a certain concentration, it can inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria and preserve the nutrients in green feed.

2. Semi-dry silage.

1) The moisture content of raw materials is low, so that the microorganisms are in a physiological dry state, the growth and reproduction are inhibited, the microbial fermentation in the feed is weak, and the nutrients are not decomposed, so as to achieve the purpose of preserving nutrition.

2) This type of silage contains less water and does not have strict requirements for other conditions, so more raw materials can be used than ordinary silage.

3. Additive silage.

1) Adding lactic acid bacteria, soluble carbohydrates, enzymes and other additives during silage can promote lactic acid fermentation, quickly produce a large amount of lactic acid, and quickly reach the pH requirements (, so as to affect the fermentation of silage.

2) Adding various bacteriostatic agents can inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria and microorganisms, such as ryegrass silage can be added to the mixture of formaldehyde formaldehyde and formic acid (3 1) in the proportion of 10 grams of kg, or urea and ammonia can be added to improve the nutritional content of silage.

Silage is made from fresh natural plant-based roughage and fermented by microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria under anaerobic conditions. Green fodder with high natural water content, including wild grass, cultivated fodder crops and straw, can be made into silage or semi-dry silage after harvesting after a certain wilting treatment, natural fermentation or acid silage. Mixed silage made with an appropriate amount of bran or root tubers is also a mixture of green feed, which has a moisture content of about 45%.

Silage is a kind of roughage made from green fodder fermented by lactic acid bacteria under anaerobic conditions. Generally, fresh green fodder, such as green corn, pasture, vegetables, etc., is chopped when the moisture content is 60% to 70%, and it is filled into the cellar (pool, tower) and tightly sealed, and then fermented by microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria for about 40 to 50 days. Silage preserves more nutrients of raw materials, is tender and juicy, aromatic and delicious, and is an important roughage for dairy cows in the winter and spring season.

Once made, silage is exposed to anaerobic and acidic environments and can be stored for long periods of time.

Silage is going to contain a certain amount of moisture (usually the moisture content of the raw material should be about 70%). The soil method to check the moisture content of raw materials is: hold the raw materials firmly with both hands, and it is advisable to expose water droplets between the fingers without dripping down.

If the raw materials are too dry, sprinkle some water, and then immediately stir and trample to achieve the purpose of adding water evenly and preventing water from being re-dissipated) The fresh plant feed is placed in a closed container (cellar, tank) without air, and the sugar in the feed is converted into lactic acid through anaerobic fermentation by microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria), increasing acidity, preventing nutrient decomposition, preserving its nutrients, and achieving the purpose of preservation and preservation.

Giant Juncao silage is nutritious, has a special aromatic smell, is green and juicy, and is a soft feed. The natural water content of silage is as high as 60%, which can preserve the soft and juicy characteristics of green feed raw materials for a long time, and has better palatability.

The raw materials for making silage mainly include green corn stalks, fresh sweet potato seedlings, grass, etc.

1) Timely harvesting The use of crop straw silage, to grasp the timing. Too early can affect grain production, too late will affect silage quality. The storage time of corn stover should be mastered from the following three aspects:

A look at the maturity of the seeds, the milk ripens early, the withering ripens late, and the wax ripens at the right time; Second, look at the proportion of green and yellow leaves, the yellow leaves are poor, the green leaves are good, and half of each is too old; Third, look at the number of corn growth days, generally medium-ripe varieties are basically mature in 110 days, that is, the intersown corn is about September 10, and the corn that is live broadcast after wheat is about September 20, and the silage should be harvested. The silage of sweet potato seedlings should be cut before frost and potatoes should be produced after frost. In this way, it will not affect the yield of sweet potatoes and ensure the quality of silage.

2) Proper drying If the moisture content of the above-mentioned silage raw materials after harvesting is high, it can be properly spread and dried in the field for 2 6 hours to reduce the moisture content to 65% 70%.

3) Transportation After the harvested silage raw materials are properly dried, they should be transported to the grass site in time, if the interval is too long, it is easy to lose more nutrients.

4) cut short after the raw materials are transported to the cutter, 12 cm of green corn stalks, 2 4 cm of fresh sweet potato seedlings and alfalfa grass, the shorter the cut, the firmer the pressure can be when filling, which is conducive to the removal of air and shortens the time of microbial aerobic activity in the silage process. In addition, silage is cut shorter, which is conducive to later digging, and is also convenient for livestock to eat, reducing waste. When cutting short with a straw cutter, in addition to mastering the length of cutting, it is also necessary to pay attention to concentrating manpower and tools such as machinery and equipment in order to load and seal the cellar in time.

5) Loading the cellar after cutting the silage raw materials (corn stalks, etc.) should be loaded into the silage cellar in time, which can be cut short, loaded and stepped on, especially pay attention to the surrounding and corners of the silage cellar. If there are more than two kinds of ingredients mixed with silage, the shortened ingredients should be mixed evenly into the cellar. At the same time, check the moisture content of the raw materials, and when the moisture is appropriate, hold the raw materials tightly with your hands, and expose the water droplets between your fingers without dripping down.

If the cellar cannot be filled on the same day or at one time, the raw materials that have been filled can be immediately covered with a layer of plastic film, and the cellar can be continued the next day.

6) Capping Although the silage material is pressed during cellaring, it still sinks after several days. This is mainly due to the influence of gravity and the reduction of voids between raw materials. For this reason, when loading the cellar, after the silage raw material is full, it is necessary to continue to fill it until the raw material is 40 60 cm above the edge of the cellar, and then cover it with a whole piece of plastic film, and then cover it with a layer of 5 10 cm thick short wet wheat straw or straw, and finally compacted with soil, the thickness of the soil is about 30 40 cm, and the surface is slapped smooth, and the top of the cellar is raised in the shape of a steamed bun.