How to understand ecological forestry, livelihood forestry, and healthy forest

The construction of ecological civilization promotes the sustainable development of forestry.

The process of ecological civilization construction is inseparable from the support of forestry. Forest cover is an indispensable component of the ecological environment. The sustainable development of forestry must be through the artificial protection of the ecological environment of forest areas, so that human economic activities and biodiversity can maintain a state of civilization and progress.

Human activities will no longer be at the expense of other organisms, and all animals and plants in the forest area and the food chain relationships between each other will be protected by humans, so as to form an ecological restoration of the small environment. Therefore, driven by the goal of ecological civilization, sustainable forestry development is an effective way to achieve the goal.

The sustainable development of forestry promotes the construction of ecological civilization.

The sustainable development of forestry forces forestry to carry out forest deposition, regeneration and development in a planned and organized manner with the goal of restoring the ecological environment of forest areas. The activities of the forest area are guided by the restoration of the ecological environment, and a series of measures are taken to ensure the economic benefits of forestry, and the restoration of various ecological environments in the forest area is moving towards a virtuous circle. Dates are coarse.

The sustainable development of a forest area can form a small ecological environment restoration, and the sustainable development of the national forest area will inevitably lead to qualitative change, so that the national ecological environment can reap good restoration results.

At present, human survival is facing the negative situation of resource shortage, environmental pollution, and ecological degradation, which makes the construction of Shengjiuqin town civilization the primary content of all the country's best development goals. Therefore, respecting nature, returning to nature, restoring nature, and protecting nature have become the concepts of ecological civilization construction.

Summary. 1) Shelterbelts: forests, trees and shrubs with protection as the main purpose, including water conservation forests, soil and water conservation forests, windbreak and sand fixation forests, farmland and pasture shelterbelts, bank protection forests, and road protection forests;

How to define public welfare forests, ecological forests, shelter forests, water source forests, forest carbon forests, economic forests, and green forests?

1) Shelterbelts: forests, trees and shrubs with protection as the main purpose, including water conservation forests, soil and water conservation forests, windbreak and sand fixation forests, farmland shelterbelts, pasture shelter forests, bank protection forests, and yard protection forests;

2) Timber forests: forests and timber forests with the main purpose of producing timber, including bamboo forests with the main purpose of producing bamboo;

3) Forest: forest trees with the main purpose of producing fruits, edible oils, drinking materials, seasonings, industrial raw materials and medicinal materials; (4) Fuel charcoal forests: forests whose main purpose is to produce fuel;

5) Special-purpose forests: Forests and trees with the main purpose of national defense, environmental protection, and scientific experiments, including national defense forests, experimental forests, mother forests, protected forests in the first border of the environment, scenic forests, forests of scenic spots and revolutionary memorial sites, and forests in nature reserves.

The structure of forest key species refers to the combination of forests with various functional types of jujube types, which is an important part of forest resource structure. Forest resources in the narrow sense mainly refer to tree resources, especially arbor resources. Forest resources in a broad sense refer to all forest plants, animals, microorganisms, and the natural environmental conditions on which these living organisms depend for their survival and have an important impact on them.

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The biological community with woody plants as the main body is the whole of an ecosystem formed by the interdependence and mutual constraints between concentrated trees and other plants, animals, microorganisms and soils, and the interaction with the environment. It has abundant species, complex structure, and a wide variety of functions. Forests are known as the "lungs of the earth".

Forests are the "dispatchers" of nature, which regulate the circulation of air and water in nature, affect climate changes, protect the soil from wind and rain, and reduce the harm caused by environmental pollution.

Each tree is an oxygen generator and carbon dioxide absorber, a linden tree can absorb 16 kg of carbon dioxide a day, and 150 hectares of poplar, willow, locust and other broad-leaved forests can produce 100 tons of oxygen a day.

Forest is a biological community with trees as the main body, which is an ecosystem formed by the interdependence and mutual constraints between concentrated trees and other plants, animals, microorganisms and soils, and the interaction with the environment. It has abundant species, complex structure, and a wide variety of functions. Forests are known as the "lungs of the earth".

Green reservoirs to conserve water and prevent soil erosion.

A forest is not just a collection of trees, there are other creatures in the forest besides trees. There is a very close relationship between the various organisms in the forest, and between the forest and the environment.

Tall, dense trees are the main body of the forest community. The components that make up the forest plant community are also subterranean wood, living ground cover and interlayer plants.

The forest canopy reflects or absorbs 99 percent of the incoming sunlight, so the ground of the forest is usually colder than the outside of the forest, and the light is also darker. Forests can greatly reduce wind speeds and provide shelter for plants and animals that cannot tolerate harsh exposure. The dominant tree species also changes the soil in which it is located

Not only do trees ingest water, but the shedding of leaves can have a physical and chemical impact on the soil. Their defoliation provides humus, maintains clay-humus complex soils and contains soluble nutrients. Leaves rich in organic acids or woody tissues, such as pine needles, decompose slowly, resulting in a thin, nutrient-poor acidic soil; Leaves that contain small amounts of organic acids decompose quickly, resulting in deeper, more fertile soil.

Mycorrhizae obtain nutrients from saprophytic fungi and provide them to the trees, making them less dependent on soil fertility. Most of the nutrients in forests are found in the tissues of organisms that make up ecosystems, and in primary forests they are kept relatively constant through the circulation of the food chain. Deforestation breaks this cycle and leads to nutrient loss.

Human destruction of forests has not only destroyed vegetation, but has also greatly reduced the fertility of soils in many areas.

Foresters and ecologists distinguish a forest into several layers: the most obvious is the canopy, which is made up of the highest canopy; Below the canopy is a layer of understory leafy trees: below it is a shade-loving bush that forms another layer; The ground is grass and moss.

In deciduous forests, the environment with and without leaves varies greatly, and many herbaceous plants adapt to such seasonal differences.

Globally, the species composition of a forest depends on dominant climatic conditions, while regionally only species vary with soil conditions. At a finer level, forest dynamics will cause further changes.

A mature canopy canopy creates shady woodlands underneath where only those plants that are adapted to low light conditions and have a high degree of root competitiveness are likely to grow. Saplings that can develop under a canopy canopy are shade-tolerant species and usually have larger seeds. Species that require high light conditions, also known as light-hungry species, are only likely to grow in lodging trees, open spaces left behind by fires and mudslides, and their seeds are usually smaller, wind-propagated, and abundant.

Since these saplings always colonize open fields, they are also called pioneer species.

The forest ecosystem is dominated by trees.

Compared with the land cheating book guess land ecosystem, it has the following characteristics:

1. Biological species are abundant, there are more hierarchical structures, the food chain is more complex, and the photosynthetic productivity is higher, so the biological production capacity is also higher. In terrestrial ecosystems, it has the functions of regulating climate, conserving water sources, maintaining water and soil, and preventing wind and sand fixation.

2. Forest ecosystem is an ecosystem composed of biological communities (including plants, animals and microorganisms) and their abiotic environments (light, heat, water, air, soil, etc.) with trees as the main body.

3. It is a natural ecological science of material exchange and energy flow between organisms and the environment, between organisms and organisms.

Forest Biological Processes:

In terms of biodiversity and ecosystem function, Zhang et al. divided the hypothesis of the mechanism of diversity on ecosystem function into two categories: statistics and biology

1. The former explains the observed diversity-system function model from a statistical point of view, including sampling effect, statistical equilibrium effect, etc.

2. The latter is based on the biological effects of diversity, including niche complementation, positive interaction between species, insurance effect, etc.

Key issues that require further study in this area include:

1. How does biodiversity affect the ability of ecosystems to withstand adverse environments, or how does biodiversity relate to ecosystem maintenance or stability?

2. How does landscape change affect ecosystem function by affecting changes in biodiversity at different levels?

3. How does the interrelationship between species affect ecological processes and thus ecosystem function?

4. Is there species redundancy in the ecosystem? how different groups of organisms affect ecosystem functioning, etc.