6 Basic Methods of Classical Chinese Translation

The six basic methods of classical Chinese translation are: one addition, two deletions, three tones, four retentions, five expansions and six condensations, and one addition refers to additions, adding omitted elements in the omitted sentences of classical Chinese when translating. The second deletion refers to the deletion of virtual words such as pronunciation words, auxiliary words that play a role in the structure of sentences, and auxiliary words that make up enough syllables in ancient Chinese.

The four stays are to retain the same ancient and modern meanings of words, proper nouns, country names, etc.

One increase. 1. Add the subject, predicate or object omitted from the original text.

2. Add related words that can make the semantics clear.

2. Deletion. That is, to delete, all the verbal words in ancient Chinese, the auxiliary words that play a role in the sentence structure and the auxiliary words that make up the syllables, because there is no word that can replace them in modern Chinese, so they do not need to be translated when translating, and can be deleted.

Tritone. When translating inverted sentences in classical Chinese, the inverted sentences of ancient Chinese should be adjusted to modern Chinese sentences, so that they conform to the expression habits of modern Chinese, so that the translated sentences can be smooth. This requires adjusting the sentence order, and there are generally three cases:

1. The predicate is moved backward.

2. Move the postposition definite forward.

3. The preposition object is moved backward.

Four stays. It is to preserve, all words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, proper nouns, country names, year names, personal names, object names, personal names, official positions, place names, etc., can be retained in translation.

Five expansions. It's an extension.

1. Monosyllabic words are expanded into synonymous two-syllable words or multi-syllable words.

2. Sentences that are concise and rich in meaning, expand their content according to the meaning of the sentence.

Six shrinks. It is condensation, some sentences in classical Chinese, in order to enhance the momentum, deliberately practical and cumbersome, should be condensed when translating.

Literal translation refers to the use of modern Chinese words to translate the original text word by word, so that the real words and imaginary words are as relative in meaning as possible. The advantage of a literal translation is that it is word-for-word; The disadvantage is that sometimes the meaning of the translated sentences is difficult to understand, and the language is not fluent enough.

The so-called paraphrasing is to translate according to the meaning of the sentence, so as to conform to the meaning of the original text as much as possible, and the sentence should take care of the meaning of the original text as much as possible. Paraphrasing has a certain degree of flexibility, the text can be added or subtracted, the position of words can be changed, and the sentence structure can also be changed. The advantage of paraphrasing is that the meaning of the text is coherent, and the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages, and is relatively smooth, fluent, and easy to understand.

The disadvantage is that sometimes the original text cannot be implemented verbatim.

The six basic methods of classical Chinese translation are retention, deletion, supplementation, replacement, modulation, and change. Classical Chinese is a processed written language based on ancient Chinese. It may have been processed in the earliest written language based on spoken language.

Classical Chinese is a written language composed of ancient Chinese texts, mainly including written languages formed on the basis of the spoken language of the pre-Qin period. Introduction to the 6 basic methods of classical Chinese translation.

1. To stay, that is, to retain. All words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places, things, officials, countries, years, weights and measures, etc., can be retained in translation.

2. To delete is to delete. Delete the words that don't need to be translated.

3. Supplement, that is, supplementation. Monosyllabic words are changed to diphthongs, and in classical Chinese, monosyllabic words occupy the main body, while in modern Chinese, two-syllable words occupy the main body. Therefore, when translating, it is necessary to supplement monosyllabic words with two-syllables.

This kind of addition, most of the time, according to the meaning of the group of words, is fine.

4. Replacement is replacement. Replace ancient words with modern ones.

5. Adjustment, that is, adjustment. The ancient Chinese inverted sentences are adjusted to modern Chinese sentence patterns in order to conform to the expression habits of modern Chinese.

6. Change is flexibility. On the basis of faithfulness to the original text, the relevant text is translated alive.

There are six major methods of classical Chinese translation: retention, deletion, supplementation, replacement, modulation, and change.

"Retention" means to keep the nuclear retention. All words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names, place names, object names, official names, country names, year names, weights and measures units, etc., can be retained in translation.

delete", that is, to delete vertically. Delete the words that don't need to be translated. For example, "Pei Gong's Participation in Fan Xu" Pei Gong's guard Fan Xu. "者也" is an ending particle and is not translated.

"Supplement" is supplementation.

1. Change monophonic words into diphthongs;

2. Make up the omitted elements in the omitted sentence;

3. Make up the omitted sentences. Note: Omitted components or statements should be added in parentheses.

"Replace", that is, replace. Replace ancient words with modern ones. For example, replace "I, Yu, Yu" with "I", and replace "Er, Ru" with "you".

"Tune" is to adjust. Adjust the ancient Chinese inverted sentence to the modern Chinese sentence structure. When translating subject-verb inverted sentences, object-preposition sentences, preposition-object postpositional sentences, and definite postpositional sentences, the word order should generally be adjusted to conform to modern Chinese expression habits.

"Change" means to be flexible. On the basis of faithfulness to the original text, the relevant text is translated alive. For example, "the waves are not alarmed" can be translated as "(the lake) is calm".

Classical Chinese translation techniques are as follows:

1. It is necessary to put the text and sentences into context to understand.

To translate a sentence well, it is also necessary to follow the principle of "words do not leave the sentence, and sentences do not leave the text". Put the sentence into context.

Comprehension, put it into the context of the specific language to consider.

2. The most basic method of translation is to convert monosyllabic words into two-syllable words.

The biggest difference between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese is that ancient Chinese is dominated by monosyllabic words, that is, a word is a word; And the modern Han.

The language is dominated by two-syllable words, that is, two words form a word.

3. Enhance the foundation of literary skills and cultivate a sense of literary language.

This is the most fundamental point to do a good job in translation questions and even in all classical Chinese questions. The formation and improvement of classical Chinese reading comprehension ability.

It didn't happen overnight.