Who invented the first standard meter ruler

The "meter" (metre), the unit of length of the International System of Units, originated in France. In May 1790, a special committee of French scientists recommended that the length of the meridian of the earth passing through Paris be 1/40 million of the length of the meter, which was approved by the French parliament in 1791. In order to create a reference device to characterize the value of the meter, measurements were made in 1792 1799 from Dunkirk, France, to Barcelona, Spain, under the leadership of French astronomers Gerionum and Mishen.

In 1799, according to the measurement results, a platinum metre bar with a short section of 3 5 mm and 25 mm was made, and the distance between the two ends of this rod was set at 1 meter, and it was handed over to the French archives for safekeeping, so it is also called "archive meter". This is the earliest definition of a meter. Copied on.

The first standard meter ruler was invented by French scientists Gerian Bour and Mishen. In 1790, the French Academy of Sciences decided to develop a precise standard for rice. Measured on the meridian through Paris in Paris, France, they measured the distance from the Earth's equator to the North Pole at one ten-ten-millionth of a distance and defined it as 1 meter as a standard of length.

In 1799, they made an X-shaped platinum rod according to this standard, with a distance of 1 meter between the two ends of the pole, and handed it over to the French archives for safekeeping, which is the earliest rice prototype.

The ruler is the result of the accumulation of the ancient people's long period, and as for the specific invention of the people, there is no clear record. One of Lu Ban's internal inventions is a triangle that can correctly draw straight angles, also known as a class ruler.

One of Luban's inventions was the ability to correctly draw right-angled triangles, also known as banji, which informed the craftsman which sizes were irregular and which were unlucky according to the rules of divination (feng shui). These rulers are available today.

Silk cloth ruler, also known as tailor ruler or tailoring ruler, and the class ruler originated from the same law ruler, but it has not been passed down from generation to generation, and has lost its standard for a long time and has become another scale system.

There are many kinds of calculation tools that have been used in human history, and the slide rule is one of the most widely used and important calculation tools. As early as the beginning of the 17th century, computing tools showed rapid development in Western countries. The first was the world-famous British mathematician Napier (who first coined the concept of logarithms and introduced a new number crunching tool in his book, which was later known as the "Napier slide rule".

This calculation tool consists of ten long sticks carved with numbers similar to multiplication tables, which Napier uses to help with multiplication and division calculations, greatly simplifying the number crunching. However, Napier's greatest contribution to the field of mathematics was his publication of the concept of logarithms in 1614, and the concept of logarithms pioneered by him influenced a whole generation of mathematicians and greatly promoted the development of mathematics, and the basic principle of the slide rule is the application of the logarithmic principle, so Napier's invention also laid the foundation for the future development of the slide rule. Soon after Napier invented the concept of logarithms, Gantt ( and Ochhard () and others created the logarithmic scale and the original form of the logarithmic slide rule.

The development of the slide rule is with the science and technology, production needs and the level of technology and gradual progress, it has experienced more than 300 years of invention and creation, through the continuous efforts of countless mathematicians and all kinds of professional and technical personnel, especially from the beginning of the twentieth century to the seventies, the slide rule products have become the most advanced technology, the most exquisite manufacturing, the most variety, the most widely used calculation tools in the history of the development of computing tools. Abacus.

1. All life is inseparable from the ruler, building houses, measuring land, making things and making clothes, etc. According to "Lü's Spring and Autumn Period. Ji Xia Ji.

According to the Ancient Music Chapter, the ancient Chinese determined the length of the ruler according to the length of the musical instrument with the audio of the music rhythm as the "yellow bell", so the ancient ruler is also called the music ruler. Ruler. Yellow Ruler.

It is the basis for the formulation of measurement horizontally. Later, the scale of the dynasties varied according to different eras.

The ruler is both ancient and modern, but the amount (actual length) contained in it is different. For example, in the article "Zou Ji Satire on the King of Qi's Admonition", it says: "Zou Ji cultivates more than eight feet." "If calculated according to today's ruler, Zou Ji's length is more than one meter, which is obviously too high.

Obviously, the ruler of ancient times was shorter than the ruler of today. The distance between the original ruler and the man's extended thumb and middle finger was about 20 centimeters, and the one ruler of the Zhou Dynasty was the current centimeter. By the time of the Warring States Period, one foot was about a centimeter now, but at that time, all countries were not completely consistent, such as the unearthed Warring States Chu ruler was a centimeter long.

The Zou Ji mentioned above was a native of Qi during the Warring States Period, and his height was above one meter in centimeters, which is considered a beautiful man even today. There is also "a five-foot servant who does not answer the door" in "Chen Qing Table", the author Li Mi is a native of the Western Jin Dynasty, and the one foot at that time is now 24 centimeters, so that the "five-foot servant" is also a small servant with a height of meters. "Five feet" can also follow the previous generation's saying, and is not strictly according to the ruler, then, it should be shortened on the basis of meters, that is, about meters.

The illustration is closer to the ruler. It is the distance from the thumb to the middle finger of the woman's hand after it is extended, so it is slightly shorter than the ruler. Later, it was used to indicate a short distance, such as "close at hand".

In addition, the length units of the pre-Qin period also include zhang (ten feet), xun (eight feet), chang (two fathoms), and there are also qian. It is the length of a person's outstretched arms, such as in "Yugong Moving Mountains": "Taihang, Wangwu two mountains, seven hundred miles square, ten thousand miles high." ”

Later, the units of length below the inch were produced, and they were: minutes (one-tenth of an inch), centi-(one-tenth of a minute), milli (one-tenth of a centimeter), second (after the Song Dynasty, it was also called "silk", one-tenth of a milli), suddenly (one-tenth of a second), and micro (one-tenth of a moment). Today, "silk" and "milli" are used together, ** here.

There is also the use of "suddenly" and "micro", which also refers to the very subtle, such as "The Preface to the Biography of Lingguan": "Husband's calamities often accumulate in the slightest".