What are the main substances that cause acid rain, and the main substances that cause acid rain are

Causes of acid rain.

The cause of acid rain is a complex atmospheric chemical and atmospheric physical phenomenon. Acid rain contains a variety of inorganic and organic acids, most of which are sulfuric acid and nitric acid. The sulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion of coal in industrial production and civil life, the nitrogen oxides emitted from the combustion of petroleum and automobile exhaust gas, go through the "rain formation process in the clouds", that is, the water vapor condenses on the condensation nuclei such as sulfate and nitrate, and the liquid phase oxidation reaction occurs, forming sulfuric acid raindrops and nitric acid raindrops; It also goes through the "cloud scouring process", that is, the acid-containing raindrops continue to merge and adsorb other acid-containing raindrops and acid-containing gases in the process of descending, forming larger raindrops, and finally landing on the ground, forming acid rain.

Acid rain in our country is sulfuric acid rain.

Hazards of acid rain.

Sulfur and nitrogen are nutrients. Weakly acidic precipitation dissolves minerals in the ground for plants to absorb. If the acid is too high and the pH level drops below it, it will cause serious harm.

It can directly cause large swaths of forests to die and crops to wither; It will also inhibit the decomposition of organic matter and nitrogen fixation in the soil, and leach away nutrients such as calcium, magnesium and potassium combined with soil ions, so as to impoverish the soil; It can also acidify lakes and rivers, and dissolve heavy metals in soil and water sediment into the water, poisoning fish; accelerate the process of corrosion and weathering of buildings and monuments; May be dangerous to human health.

Treatment measures The fundamental measure to control acid rain is to reduce the emission of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

Sulfur oxides (sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide) and nitrogen oxides.

Sulfur dioxideAcid rain.

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are mainly produced by the combustion of fossil fuels.

and other acidic gases, which are absorbed and dissolved by rainwater through complex atmospheric chemical reactions.

Coal contains sulfur, which produces a large amount of sulfur dioxide during combustion, and the high temperature during coal combustion causes nitrogen and oxygen in the air to be synthesized into nitric oxide.

This is then converted into nitrogen dioxide.

Causes acid rain. Industrial processes, such as metal smelting: some non-ferrous metal ores are sulfides, copper, lead, zinc is the case, the reduction of copper, lead, zinc sulfide ores to metals will escape a large amount of sulfur dioxide gas, part of the ** sulfuric acid, part of the atmosphere.

Transportation, such as car exhaust. Inside the engine, the piston frequently sparks, like lightning in the sky, and nitrogen turns into nitrogen dioxide. The concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas varies from vehicle to model, and the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of the engine with poor mechanical properties or long service life is higher.

1. Southwest Acid Rain Area: It is a serious precipitation pollution area second only to the Central China Acid Rain Area.

2. Acid rain area in central China: It has become the acid rain pollution area with the largest acid rain pollution scope and the highest central intensity in the country.

3. Acid rain area along the coast of East China: Its pollution intensity is lower than that of acid rain area in central and southwest China.

The three major acid rain regions in the world are: Western Europe, North America, and Southeast Asia.

Acid rain refers to an air pollution phenomenon caused by excessive acidic gases or acidic particulate matter in rainwater or precipitation.

The main substances that cause acid rain include:

2.Nitrogen oxides (NOx): Nitrogen oxides are produced from automobile exhaust and power plant emissions, which react with oxygen in the atmosphere to form nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is further combined with water vapor to form nitric acid, which is one of the important factors leading to atmospheric acidification.

3.Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): such as methane, ethane, etc. They are oxidized in the atmosphere to ozone (O3), which in turn is an important precursor to the formation of acid rain.

5.Chlorine (Cl2) and fluorine (F2): mainly from refrigerants, chlorofluorocarbons, etc., also contribute to the formation of acid rain.

These substances are transported through the atmosphere, making them acidic when they dive into the rainwater, resulting in the formation of acid rain.

Acid rain is very harmful to our environment and health, we should pay attention to protecting the environment, low-carbon and green life, adhere to the strategy of sustainable development, and jointly care for our earth.

Acid rain. It is mainly caused by the artificial emission of large amounts of acidic substances into the atmosphere. Acid rain in China is mainly formed by the burning of a large amount of coal with high sulfur content, mostly sulfuric acid rain, less nitric acid rain, in addition, the exhaust gas emitted by various motor vehicles is also an important reason for the formation of acid rain.

Acid rain can cause the hardened cement of non-metallic building materials (concrete, mortar and sand-lime bricks) to dissolve, creating cavities and cracks, leading to a reduction in strength and damage to buildings. Building materials become dirty and black, affecting the quality of the city's appearance and urban landscape, and are called "black shells."""Effect.

The discovery of acid rain

The Modern Industrial Revolution.

From the steam engine. In the beginning, the boiler burns coal, produces steam, and propels the machine; Then there were coal-fired power plants, and the amount of coal burned skyrocketed. Unfortunately, coal contains about one percent of the impurity sulfur, which will emit the acid gas SO2 during combustion; The high temperature generated by combustion can still promote some chemical changes in the combustion air, oxygen and nitrogen are combined, and the acid gas NOx is also emitted.

They washed and dissolved the rain and snow in the air, and the rain became acid rain; These acidic gases become sulfates, impurities in rainwater.

Nitrate and ammonium ions.

In 1872, the British scientist Smith analyzed the city of London.

rainwater composition, it is found to be acidic, and rural rainwater contains ammonium carbonate, which is not very acidic; Suburban rainwater contains ammonium sulfate.

Slightly acidic; Urban rainwater contains sulfuric acid or acidic sulfate, which is acidic. Smith first coined the term "acid rain" in his book Air and Rainfall: The Beginnings of Chemical Climatology.

The above content reference: Popular Science China Network - Acid Rain.

The main substances that cause acid rain are: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide.

Sulfur dioxide will form acid rain, acid rain is the wet deposition in acid deposition, acid deposition can be divided into two categories: wet deposition and dry deposition, the former refers to all gaseous pollutants or granular pollutants, with rain, snow, fog or hail and other precipitation forms and fall to the ground, the latter refers to the day when it does not rain, the acid carried by the dust falling from the air. Acid rain is also divided into nitric and jujube acid rain and sulfuric acid rain.

Acid rain refers to rain, snow, or other forms of precipitation with a pH less than that. During the formation and fall of rock spike rain and snow, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and other substances in the air are absorbed and dissolved, resulting in acidic precipitation with a pH below it. Acid rain is mainly caused by the anthropogenic release of large amounts of acidic substances into the atmosphere.

Acid rain in China is mainly caused by the burning of a large amount of coal with high sulfur content, mostly sulfuric acid rain, less nitric acid rain, in addition, the exhaust gas emitted by various motor vehicles is also an important cause of acid rain. Some areas in China have become areas prone to acid rain, and the scope and extent of acid rain pollution have attracted people's close attention.

Acid Rain Hazards:

Acid rain can lead to soil acidification. The soil contains a large amount of aluminum hydroxides, and after soil acidification, it can accelerate the weathering of aluminum-containing primary and secondary minerals in the soil and release a large number of aluminum ions, forming a form of aluminum compounds that can be absorbed by plants. Plants absorb aluminum for a long time and excessively, can be poisoned and even die.

Acid rain can also accelerate the loss of soil mineral nutrients.

Under the action of acid rain, the nutrients potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium in the soil will be lost and leached away with the rainwater. Therefore, long-term acid rain will cause a large amount of nutrients in the soil to be leached, resulting in a serious shortage of nutrients in the soil, so that the soil becomes poor. Altering the soil structure leads to soil impoverishment and affects the normal development of plants.

In addition, acid rain can release aluminum from the stable state in the soil, resulting in an increase in active aluminum and a decrease in organic complexed aluminum. The increase of active aluminum in the soil can seriously inhibit the growth of forest trees. Acid rain can also induce plant pests and diseases, which can significantly reduce crop yields, especially wheat, which can reduce yields by 13 to 34 percent under the influence of acid rain. Soybeans and vegetables are also susceptible to acid rain, resulting in lower protein content and yields.

The main substances that cause acid rain are described below:

The main substances responsible for acid rain are nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide. Most of these substances come from the combustion of combustible fossils, such as coal, oil and natural gas, but also from factories and transportation industries. When these substances enter the atmosphere, they react with water vapor, oxygen, etc., to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid, which are then transported to distant places with the air flow.

And with the rain and snow falling to the ground. When they combine on the ground, acidic precipitation, known as acid rain, is formed. For a long time, acid rain has caused serious harm to our environment, such as corroding buildings, polluting soil, poisoning plants, etc.

Therefore, it is necessary to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide.

The introduction of acid rain is as follows:

The official name for acid rain is acid sedimentation. It refers to the atmospheric precipitation such as rain, snow, fog, hail and so on that is less than the pH value. It can be divided into:"Wet sedimentation"with"Dry sedimentation"There are two categories, the former refers to all gaseous pollutants or granular pollutants that fall to the ground with precipitation patterns such as rain, snow, fog or hail, and the latter refers to some acids carried by dust falling from the sky on days when it does not rain.

Acid rain is air pollution and refers to rain, snow or other forms of precipitation with a pH value of less. [1] Rainwater is polluted by acidic gases present in the atmosphere. Acid rain is mainly caused by man-made emissions of large amounts of acidic substances into the atmosphere.

China's acid rain is mainly formed by burning a large amount of coal with high sulfur content, mostly sulfuric acid rain, less nitric acid rain, in addition, the exhaust gas emitted by various motor vehicles is also an important reason for the formation of acid rain.

In recent years, some areas in China have become areas prone to acid rain, and the scope and extent of acid rain pollution have attracted people's close attention. Scientists have found that the size of the sour taste is related to the concentration of hydrogen ions in the aqueous solution; The alkaline taste is related to the concentration of hydroxyl ions in the aqueous solution. Then an indicator is established: a negative value of the logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions, called pH.

Thus, the pH of pure water (distilled water) is 7; The more acidic, the lower the pH; The more alkaline, the higher the pH. Unpolluted rain and snow (pH is generally between 0-14) is neutral, with a pH close to 7; When it is saturated with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, it is slightly acidic (water and carbon dioxide combine to form carbonic acid), and rain with a pH of less than is called acid rain; Snow with a pH less than is called sour snow.