What are non polar bonds and polar bonds? What is the difference between a separate and a covalent b

Non-polar bonds: In molecules, the same kind of atoms form covalent bonds, and the two atoms have the same ability to attract electrons, and the shared electron pairs are not biased towards any one atom, so the bonded atoms are not electrical.

Polar bond: In the compound molecule, the covalent bond formed by different kinds of atoms, due to the different ability of the two atoms to attract electrons, the shared electrons must be biased towards the atom with the stronger ability to attract electrons, so the relative electropositive of the atom with the weaker ability to attract electrons.

Difference: Polar bond is a covalent bond formed by different atoms in the compound molecule, due to the different ability of two atoms to attract electrons, the shared electron pair must be biased towards the atom with the stronger ability to attract electrons, so the atom with the weaker ability to attract electrons is relatively electropositive. Such covalent bonds are called polar covalent bonds, or polar bonds for short.

When electrons pair atoms on both sides of the atom, the attraction to the electrons is different, which makes the electron pair biased towards atoms with high electronegativity. Polarity is formed. When an electron pairs an atom on both sides of the atom, the attraction to the electron is the same, and the electron does not favor which atom it is. Non-polarity is formed.

Extended Information: Methods for Distinguishing Polar and Non-Polar Molecules:

Criterion for non-polar molecules: central atom valency method and force analysis.

1.Central atom valence method:

The composition is an ABN-type compound, and if the valency of the central atom A is equal to the ordinal number of the group, the compound is a non-polar molecule. Such as: CH4, CCL4, SO3, PCL5

2.Force Analysis:

If the bond angle (or spatial structure) is known, the force analysis can be performed, and the resultant force of 0 is a non-polar molecule. Such as: CO2, C2H4, BF3

3.Diatomic molecules made up of the same kind of atoms are all non-polar molecules.

First, the meaning is different:

The bonds formed between the atoms of different elements are polar bonds. The shared electron pair is biased towards the side of the strong non-metallic atom, and this kind of partial positive and negative charge is called a polar bond. Elements containing only non-polar bonds are generally formed by non-metallic elements; Compounds that contain only polar bonds are generally formed from different non-metallic elements.

Second, the composition is different:

Covalent bonds are composed of atoms, which are formed by the electrical action of the two nuclei produced by the shared electron pairs (electron cloud overlap), and form covalent bonds when non-metallic elements form elemental or compound elements, such as: Cl2, Ccl4, H2O, HF, covalent bonds formed between atoms of the same element, and the shared electron pairs are in the middle of the two atoms that form bonds, and do not deflect to either side, this covalent bond is called a non-polar bond.

Atom. The interaction formed between them by sharing electron pairs is called a covalent bond and can be either an attractive or repulsive force. In compound molecules, when different atoms form covalent bonds, because the atoms have different abilities to attract electrons, the shared electron pairs will be biased towards the side with strong electron attraction ability, the one with strong electron attraction ability is negative, and the atom with weak electron attraction ability is positive.

The covalent bond where the electron pair is offset in this way is called a polar covalent bond, or polar bond for short. Among polar bonds, the atoms of the elements with relatively strong non-metallic properties and relatively weak metallicity are electronegative; The atom of the element with relatively weak non-metallic properties and relatively strong metallicity is electropositive.

There are 3 ways to determine whether a covalent bond is polar or non-polar:

If the bonding atom is an atom of the same element, a non-polar bond is formed, otherwise a polar bond is formed;

If the bonding electron pair is not biased towards a certain bonding atom, a non-polar bond is formed, otherwise a polar bond is formed;

If the bonding atom is not electrically conductive, a non-polar bond is formed, otherwise a polar bond is formed.

Without considering the delocalized and coordination keys, the method and method are essentially equivalent.

The method cannot be used as a basis for judgment, because an atom can form multiple covalent bonds with the same atom and different kinds of atoms at the same time, and a polar bond can be formed between an atom and different kinds of atoms, thus showing electricality, and a non-polar bond can be formed between an atom of the same species, so that an atom with electrical properties can form a non-polar bond, that is, the method misjudges.

It's as simple as seeing if the two atoms forming a bond are atoms of the same element.

1. The covalent bond formed by the same element is a non-polar covalent bond.

The same element has the same electronegativity, the shared electron pair is located in the middle of the two atoms, and the bond has no polarity.

2. The covalent bonds formed by different elements are polar covalent bonds.

Different elements have different electronegativity, and the shared electron pair is biased towards atoms with high electronegativity, forming polar covalent bonds.