What is the relationship between covalent bonds, coordination bonds, polar bonds, non polar bonds?

Covalent bonds contain coordination bonds; Covalent bonds are divided into polar and non-polar, with the same atom forming non-polar bonds (such as each elemental molecule, etc.), and different atoms forming non-polar bonds (such as in each covalent compound); Coordination bonds are mostly polar (e.g., in ammonium), but a few are also non-polar (e.g., thiosulfate, etc.).

Covalent bonds contain these three types of bonds: the latter three differ: the coordination bond is the one that forms the coordination bond that provides electrons for both parties to share; Polar bonds are covalent bonds formed between different atoms; Non-polar bonds are covalent bonds formed between elements of the same kind.

Chemical bonds are divided into: ionic bonds, covalent bonds, metallic bonds, and coordination bonds (a special type of covalent bond).

Covalent bonds are divided into: polar covalent bonds (covalent bonds composed of the same elements); Non-polar covalent bonds (composed of different elements);

Covalent bond is a type of chemical bond in which two or more atoms share their outer electrons to reach electron saturation under ideal conditions, thus forming a relatively stable chemical structure called a covalent bond. Its essence is that after the overlapping of atomic orbits, there is a high probability of electrons between two nuclei and the electrical interaction between two nuclei.

A covalent bond, sometimes referred to as a "normal covalent bond", is a concept used to distinguish it from a "coordination covalent bond", and refers to a covalent bond formed by two atoms each providing an unpaired electron during bonding. [19] Coordinate Covalent Bond Coordinate covalent bond refers to the covalent bond formed by the bonding electrons of two atoms being provided by one atom [19], among which, the ligand that provides all the bonding electrons is called the "ligand" and the one that provides the empty orbital to accept the electrons is called the "acceptor". Common ligands are:

ammonia (nitrogen atom), carbon monoxide (carbon atom), cyanide ion (carbon atom), water (oxygen atom), hydroxide (oxygen atom); Acceptors are diverse: there are hydrogen ions, electron-deficient compounds represented by boron trifluoride (boron atoms), and a large number of transition metal elements. The study of coordination compounds has developed into a specialized discipline, coordination chemistry.

In compound molecules, the covalent bonds formed by different atoms are biased towards the atom with the stronger ability to attract electrons, and the atom with the weaker ability to attract electrons is relatively electropositive. Such covalent bonds are called polar covalent bonds, or polar bonds for short. When forming a covalent bond, there are "strong polar bonds" and "weak polar bonds" due to the different degrees of deviation of the electron cloud, but usually the bonding between two different atoms is a polar bond.

Covalent bonds formed between atoms of the same element are called nonpolar covalent bonds. The ability of the same atom to attract the shared electron pairs is equal, the bonding electron pairs are evenly distributed between the two nuclei, not biased towards any one atom, and the bonding atoms are not electrically charged. [10] Non-polar covalent bonds are found in elemental substances and also in some compounds, and molecules composed entirely of non-polar bonds must be non-polar molecules (although some non-polar molecules contain polar bonds).

First, the meaning is different:

The bonds formed between the atoms of different elements are polar bonds. The shared electron pair is biased towards the side of the strong non-metallic atom, and this kind of partial positive and negative charge is called a polar bond. Elements containing only non-polar bonds are generally formed by non-metallic elements; Compounds that contain only polar bonds are generally formed from different non-metallic elements.

Second, the composition is different:

Covalent bonds are composed of atoms, which are formed by the electrical action of the two nuclei produced by the shared electron pairs (electron cloud overlap), and form covalent bonds when non-metallic elements form elemental or compound elements, such as: Cl2, Ccl4, H2O, HF, covalent bonds formed between atoms of the same element, and the shared electron pairs are in the middle of the two atoms that form bonds, and do not deflect to either side, this covalent bond is called a non-polar bond.

Atom. The interaction formed between them by sharing electron pairs is called a covalent bond and can be either an attractive or repulsive force. In compound molecules, when different atoms form covalent bonds, because the atoms have different abilities to attract electrons, the shared electron pairs will be biased towards the side with strong electron attraction ability, the one with strong electron attraction ability is negative, and the atom with weak electron attraction ability is positive.

The covalent bond where the electron pair is offset in this way is called a polar covalent bond, or polar bond for short. Among polar bonds, the atoms of the elements with relatively strong non-metallic properties and relatively weak metallicity are electronegative; The atom of the element with relatively weak non-metallic properties and relatively strong metallicity is electropositive.

1. The larger the dipole distance, the greater the polarity of the molecule.

2. The greater the difference in electronegativity, the greater the polarity of the covalent bond.

Polarity is vector and has direction. The polarity of the covalent bond formed between two atoms depends on the difference in the electronegativity of these two atoms, the greater the difference in electronegativity, the greater the polarity of the covalent bond formed.

For compounds with more than two atoms, the polarity of the two atoms is also related to other atoms or groups. For a complex compound, polarity is equal to the sum of the vectors of the polarities of the bonds in the compound.

Polarity affects the solubility and melting point of a substance.

1. Solubility.

The polarity of the molecule has a great influence on the solubility of the substance. Polar molecules are easily soluble in polar solvents, and non-polar molecules are easily dissolved in non-polar solvents, that is, "similar solubility". Polar molecules such as sucrose, ammonia, and ionic compounds such as sodium chloride are easily soluble in water.

The components of organic matter with long carbon chains, such as oils and oils, are mostly insoluble in water, but soluble in non-polar organic solvents.

2. Melting and boiling point.

With the same molecular weight, polar molecules have a higher boiling point than non-polar molecules. This is because the orientation force between polar molecules is greater than the dispersion force between non-polar molecules.

Non-polar bonds: In molecules, the same kind of atoms form covalent bonds, and the two atoms have the same ability to attract electrons, and the shared electron pairs are not biased towards any one atom, so the bonded atoms are not electrical.

Polar bond: In the compound molecule, the covalent bond formed by different kinds of atoms, due to the different ability of the two atoms to attract electrons, the shared electrons must be biased towards the atom with the stronger ability to attract electrons, so the relative electropositive of the atom with the weaker ability to attract electrons.

Differences: 1. The electrical properties of atoms are different.

Non-polar bonds: Bonding atoms are not electrically conductive.

Polar bonds: Atoms with a weak ability to attract electrons are positively charged.

2. Atoms have different abilities to attract electrons.

Non-polar bond: Both atoms have the same ability to attract electrons.

Polar bond: The ability of two atoms to attract electrons is different, one is larger and the other is small.