What is the role of the Beijing Hangzhou Canal, and what are the functions of the Beijing Hangzhou C

The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal is the main artery of China's north-south water transportation, and has played a huge role in the development of China's social, political, economic and cultural development in different historical stages in the past since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. From the 19th century onwards, due to the rise of north-south shipping and the later opening of the Tianjin-Pudong Railway, its role gradually decreased. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, along with the needs of economic construction and development, many sections of the canal were dredged, deepened or straightened, and many new locks were built, and engineering problems such as water sources were properly solved.

After the transformation, the Liangji Canal in Shandong in the north and the Jiangnan Canal in Zhejiang in the south, the whole line is navigable for about 980 kilometers, and at the same time, the canal is borrowed to play the benefits of irrigation, flood drainage, drainage, power generation and tourism. The eastern route of the "South-to-North Water Diversion" project, which is currently under construction, has been determined to use the canal as a water transmission route to divert water from the Yangtze River to the water-scarce areas of northern China, so as to alleviate the problem of water shortage in this area.

Before industrialization, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal was the main artery of China's north-south cargo transportation, which played a great role in promoting China's economic development.

Even in the current era when roads and railways are very developed, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal still plays a great role in the transportation of goods with low timeliness requirements and low cost.

Strengthen north-south communication and consolidate rule over the whole country. (2) Strengthen the economic construction of the Jiangnan region. (3) Cultural blending, the integration of Central Plains culture and Southern culture. (4) It is convenient to transport grain from the south to the north.

The opening of the Grand Canal has effectively promoted the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the north and the south, and has also played an important role in consolidating unification and promoting the development of coastal areas.

Later significance: Dynasties after the Sui and Tang dynasties transformed the Grand Canal so that it continued to play the role of a north-south waterway.

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has played a huge role in the economic and cultural development and exchanges between the northern and southern regions of China, especially the development of the industrial and agricultural economy along the route. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is also one of the oldest. Together with the Great Wall of China and the Karez of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, it is known as the three major projects in ancient China and is famous all over the world.

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is a great project created by the ancient Chinese working people, a precious material and spiritual wealth left to us by our ancestors, and an important human heritage that is alive and mobile. The Grand Canal began in the Spring and Autumn Period, formed in the Sui Dynasty, developed in the Tang and Song dynasties, and finally became a water transportation artery connecting the five major water systems of the Haihe River, the Yellow River, the Huai River, the Yangtze River and the Qiantang River in the Yuan Dynasty.

In the course of more than 2,000 years of history, the Grand Canal has been China's economic development and national unification.

First, social progress and cultural prosperity have made important contributions and are still playing a huge role today. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal shows the outstanding achievements of ancient China's water conservancy and shipping engineering technology leading the world, leaving a rich historical and cultural heritage, giving birth to a number of famous cities and ancient towns like bright pearls, accumulating profound and long-standing cultural heritage, and condensing a huge amount of information in China's political, economic, cultural and social fields. The Grand Canal and the Great Wall are both symbols of the cultural status and identity of the Chinese nation.

Answer]: The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal is mainly born for water transportation, which is its main and most direct function. At present, the navigable mileage of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal is 1,442 kilometers, and the annual navigable mileage is 877 kilometers, mainly distributed in the three provinces of Lunzidong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang south of the Yellow River.

However, the role of the canal is far more than just transportation, it has played a huge role in the direction of the entire Chinese political pattern, the rise and economic development of cities along the route, the cultural exchange and integration between the north and the south, and ethnic unity, and even the construction of ecological civilization. The eastern route of the "South-to-North Water Diversion" project, which is currently under construction, also mainly uses the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal as a water transmission route to divert water from the Yangtze River to the water-scarce areas in North China, so as to alleviate the problem of water shortage in the north. The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal starts from Yuhang (now Hangzhou) in the south, reaches Zhuojun (now Beijing) in the north, passes through the four provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei and the cities of Tianjin and Beijing, and runs through the five major water systems of Haihe, Yellow River, Huai River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River, with a total length of about 1,800 kilometers.

The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal began to be excavated in 486 B.C., and in the long years, it has undergone three major construction processes. As early as the end of the Spring and Autumn Period of the fifth century B.C., the monarch of Wu who ruled the lower reaches of the Yangtze River at that time, in order to conquer the Qi State in the north and compete for the hegemony of the Central Plains, mobilized the people to dig the canal from Yangzhou to the northeast, through Sheyang Lake to Huai'an into the Huaihe River, that is, the canal of today's Li, because it passed through Hancheng, so it was named "Hangou".

The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal has profound historical and cultural connotations, and is known as the "Ancient Cultural Corridor", "Ancient Science and Technology Library", "Famous Places Museum" and "Folk Customs Exhibition Room". On 22 June 2014, China's Grand Canal, including the Jingsong Juehang Canal, was inscribed on the World Heritage List at the 38th session of the World Heritage Committee. The role of China's Grand Canal in the development of human history is well recognized by the world.

For the ancient Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project has given the ancient canal a new lease of life in a sense. Large-scale water diversion and pollution control not only bring opportunities for the interruption of the flow and the restoration of the ecological function area system, but also make it possible to plan the overall protection of the Grand Canal. The more than 1,000-kilometer-long canal can not only drive tourism along the canal and ensure the supply of water resources along the canal, but also directly stimulate economic growth along the route and promote the adjustment of industrial structure and urbanization along the route.

The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal was dug in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and from 486 to 495 B.C., the Wu Kingdom used the original natural rivers and lakes to dig a section of the Jiangnan Canal connecting Yangzhou to Huai'an and Yinsha to Minqing Suzhou. In 604 and 608 AD, the Sui Dynasty excavated the Yongji Canal from Zhuojun (present-day Beijing) to Luoyang, and the Bianqu Canal from Luoyang to Xuyi. The Jiangnan River from Suzhou to Yuhang forms the North-South Grand Canal with Luoyang as the center and a total length of more than 2,700 kilometers.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the Bianqu was flooded and silted up by the Yellow River, and in 1289 to 1293, the Tonghui River was newly opened to the east of Dadu (now Beijing) to Tongzhou, and the Muchun Hui River and the Jeju River Bridge from Linqing to Jining in the west of Shandong Province were able to grasp, and the channel was no longer west through Luoyang, and the voyage was shortened by more than 1,000 kilometers, and then straightened by the rectification of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and basically formed the route of today's Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.