When were the Analects and Mencius listed as the Four Books? Be detailed

There were in the Sui and Tang dynasties"Four Books"One said.

Mencius, one of the four Confucian classics, was written by Mencius and his student Wan Zhang, with Mencius himself participating.

Like Confucius, Mencius also led his students on a tour of Wei, Qi, Song, Lu, Teng, and Xue, and once served as a guest secretary to King Xuan of Qi. Because his political ideas were not reused like Confucius's, he returned to his hometown to gather disciples to give lectures, and wrote books with his students Wan Zhang and others, saying, "The preface to the poem and the book, the meaning of Zhongni, and the seven articles of Mencius." (Historical Records: The Biography of Mencius Xunqing) We see the seven chapters of Mencius, each of which is divided into upper and lower parts, about 35,000 words, and a total of 260 chapters.

But the Book of Han. The "Artwork and Literature Chronicles" contains "Eleven Articles of Mencius", which is four more than the existing "Mencius". When Zhao Qi annotated Mencius, he identified the eleven articles and considered seven to be true, and four of the other seven were false.

After the Eastern Han Dynasty, these articles were lost one after another. In the Inscription of Mencius, Zhao Qi compared Mencius with the Analects, and considered Mencius to be "composed in imitation of saints". So, despite the fact that the Book of Han.

The Literature and Art Chronicles only put Mencius in Zhuzilu and regarded it as a sub-book, but in fact, in the minds of the people of the Han Dynasty, it was already regarded as a "biography" book to assist the "scriptures".

Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Zhu Xi, a physicist in the Southern Song Dynasty, annotated the Analects, and extracted the "Mean" and "University" from the "Book of Rites", divided the sentences into chapters and sentences, annotated them, and accompanied them with "Mencius", titled "Annotations on the Collection of Chapters and Sentences of the Four Books", and the name of "Four Books" was established, and later used as a primer for learning. In the second year of the Yuan Emperor's Qing Dynasty, the examination subjects must be written within the "Four Books," and the regulations for giving full play to the meaning of the questions should be based on Zhu Xi's "Collected Notes."

Southern Song Dynasty Bar Southern Song Dynasty physicist Zhu Xi annotated the "Analects", and extracted "The Mean" and "University" from the "Book of Rites", divided the chapters and sentences, annotated them, and accompanied by "Mencius", titled "Notes on the Four Books and Chapters and Sentences", the name of "Four Books" was established, and later used as a primer for learning.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi combined the Analects of the Analects, the Great University, the Mean, and Mencius into four books, which became a compulsory reading for official imperial examinations, further expanding the influence of the Analects. After the Northern Song Dynasty Shenzong, the scriptures and Moyi were abolished and replaced by the scriptures. The meaning of the scriptures is based on the verses in the Pentateuch, and the test taker writes to explain the meaning.

Writing this kind of "University" is the first book of the "Four Books". "The Mean" is the second. In fact, this calculation is based on the order in which the "Four Books" have been printed.

To be honest, "University" is a study experience written by Confucius's student Zeng Zi (See). "The Mean" is a student of Zengzi and the grandson of Confucius, Zisi wrote during the Chunxi period of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi will "Analects"."Mencius is included in the Four Books Because Zhu Xi's annotated "Four Books" not only integrates the doctrines of his predecessors, but also has his own unique opinions, it is useful to the world;And because of the rising status of "Cheng Zhu Lixue" represented by Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi brothers and Zhu Xi, after Zhu Xi's death, the imperial court put him In the first year of Guangzong Shaoxi of the Southern Song Dynasty (1190), "Analects" and "Mencius" were included in the "Four Books" by Zhu Xi, a famous physicist in the Southern Song Dynasty. People with ambition and good moral character cannot fail to emphasize morality in order to survive, but do not hesitate to die in pursuit of benevolence, righteousness and morality.

Those who have morality help more people, and those who do not have morality receive less help.

The Four Books[1] are respectively derived from the four representative figures of early Confucianism, Confucius, Mencius, Zisi, and Zeng Shen, so they are called the Four Books (also known as the Four Sons), or simply the Four Books. In 1190 (the first year of Guangzong Shaoxi of the Southern Song Dynasty), Zhu Xi, a famous physicist of the Southern Song Dynasty, took out the two articles of "University" and "Zhongyong" in the "Book of Rites" in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, and combined them with "Analects" and "Mencius" into four books, and collected them as a set of scriptures and periodicals. The Confucian scholar believed that "read the University first to determine its scale;."Read the Analects a second time to determine its rootsRead "Mencius" for the second time to observe its development;The second reading of "The Mean", in order to seek the subtleties of the ancients" and once said that ""Four Sons", the ladder of "Six Classics" ("Zhu Zi's Language") Zhu Xi's "Four Books and Chapters and Sentences Collection Notes" has epoch-making significance.

The Han and Tang dynasties were the era of the Five Classics (Book of Changes, Book of Songs, Book of Songs, Book of Rites, and Spring and Autumn), and the Song Dynasty was the era of the Four Books.

Song Dynasty Zhu Xi will "Analects"."Mencius is included in the four books.

Because Zhu Xi's annotated "Four Books" not only integrates the doctrines of his predecessors, but also has his own unique opinions, it is useful to the world;Due to the rising status of "Cheng Zhu Lixue" represented by Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi brothers, and Zhu Xi, after Zhu Xi's death, the imperial court approved the "Four Books" compiled and annotated by him as an official book, which became popular from then on, and resumed the imperial examination during the Yanyou period of the Yuan Dynasty (1314-1320), officially limiting the scope of questions to Zhu's "Four Books".

In the first year of the reign of Guangzong Shaoxi of the Southern Song Dynasty (1190), the Analects and Mencius were included in the "Four Books" by the famous Southern Song Dynasty physicist Zhu Xi.

Song Dynasty Zhu Xi included the Analects and Mencius in the four books.

It is commonly known as the "Four Books", except for the Analects

In addition to Mencius and the University, there is also the Mean

The order of the "Four Books" is "Xue Yong on Meng", that is, "The University", "The Mean of the Yin Family", "The Analects", and "Mencius". In the first year of Shaoxi of the Southern Song Dynasty (1190 AD), Zhu Zi first published the "Annotations on the Collection of Four Books and Chapters and Sentences".

Since then, it has been called the "Four Books". Zhu Zi worked most diligently on the "Four Books" in his life. A lifetime of constant revision. "The Mean" has a very high status in Zhu Zi's heart, and it is also very important.

The Mean was originally selected from the Book of Rites

The Mean is the most speculative of the ancient classics. It became the ideological resource of many thinkers in ancient times. In "The Mean", the sentence "the heart of the people is only in danger, the heart of the Tao is only subtle, but the essence is the only one, and the middle of the perseverance" is also known as Yao Shunyu.

of the teaching of the mind.

Regarding the author of "The Mean", Zhu Zi believes that it is Zisi. Notes on the Collection of Four Books

said: "Zi Sizi worries about the loss of Taoism and does it." "Zisi is Confucius.

The grandson of Mencius, who was also educated by the disciples of Zisi. In this way, "The Mean" connects the entire Confucian and Taoist system. It can be seen the status of "The Mean".

The idea of "carrying the withering mediocrity" has long been expressed in the Analects. In the Analects, it is said that "the gentleman is moderate, and the villain is anti-modest." He added, "The mean is so good, and the people can rarely last long."

Cheng Zi explained the "mean": "What is not biased is the middle, and what is not easy is the mean". It's a very apt point.

The Chinese pay attention to doing things impartially and do not go to extremes. It is also overemphasized. All of these are different expressions of the idea of the "golden mean".

They have all become the immutable rules for Chinese to live and live in the world since ancient times. In a society where everyone speaks of moderation. People live in harmony and are less prone to extremist ideas.

In the history of ancient Chinese thought, it can be said that many questions were raised by The Mean. And there are general statements in "The Mean". It is not difficult to understand why "The Mean" was selected into the "Four Books" along with "University", "Analects" and "Mencius".

There is also "The Mean", which represents the moral standards of Confucianism, which used to be the content of the Book of Rites, and later became one of the four books in its own right.

There is also a book of moderation. Zhongyong, Analects, University Qi Peiling, Mencius and called the Four Selling Handbooks, these 4 books are very famous, and they are also praised by us Chinese, and now everyone knows Gao Qi.

The four works of Analects, Mencius, Daxue, and Zhongyong are known as the "Four Books".