What are the Five Rites of the Zhou Dynasty? Which five rites refer to?

1. Five rites, the general name of ancient Han etiquette. The sacrificial thing is an auspicious ceremony, the funeral thing is a fierce ceremony, the military thing is a military ceremony, the guest thing is a guest ceremony, and the crown wedding is a family ceremony, which is collectively called the five rites.

2. "Historical Records: Five Emperors": "In February, the east patrol hunted, as for Daizong, Qi, look at the mountains and rivers. Then I saw that the eastern monarch was long, the time and the moon were the same as the sun, the same law of weights and measures, five rites, five jades, three silks, two lives and one death were the dear, such as five instruments, and the death was restored. ”

Ancient China is known as the "State of Etiquette", in the traditional six arts "Rites and Music Shooting Imperial Books", "Rites" ranked first, "Rites" said: "The reason why mortals are human beings, rites are also." From this, we can see how much the ancients attached importance to etiquette.

In ancient China, there was a saying of "five rites", and people divided various social etiquette into five categories: auspicious, fierce, military, guest, and jia.

Through the gift of guest shooting and swallow enjoyment, the monarch drank and dined with clan brothers and guests from all over the world to connect and deepen the relationship. In ancient times, men were twenty and crowned, women were allowed to marry, and fifteen were crowned, and there was a crown and a crown, indicating adulthood. Adult men and women use weddings to make them love each other.

In ancient times, there was a township salute in the township, and there was a big salute in the imperial court.

In the shooting ceremony, even if the Son of Heaven participates, the guest must be set up, so it is called the guest shooting ceremony, and its purpose is mainly to get close to old friends and make new friends. For countries with different surnames that have a relationship between nephews and nephews in marriage, when they have something to celebrate, they should give gifts to celebrate.

Weekly rites are divided into auspicious rites, fierce rites, military rites, guest rites, and jia rites. The "Zhou Li" records the social politics, economy, culture, customs, and etiquette systems of the pre-Qin period, and there are many historical materials to collect, and the content involved is extremely rich and all-encompassing, which can be called a treasure house of Chinese cultural history.

Zhou Li is a Confucian classic, one of the thirteen classics, and was written by Zhou Gongdan, a famous politician, thinker, writer and military strategist in the Western Zhou Dynasty. "Zhou Li", "Rites" and "Rites" are collectively known as the "Three Rites", which are the theoretical forms of ancient Chinese ritual and music culture, which have made the most authoritative records and explanations of etiquette and etiquette, and have the most far-reaching influence on the ritual system of the past dynasties.

In ancient times, the five rites referred to auspicious rites, jia rites, guest rites, military rites, and fierce rites.

1. Auspicious gifts

The auspicious rite is the crown of the five rites, and it is mainly a sacrifice ceremony to the gods, earth, and ghosts. The main contents are as follows:

1. Worship the heavens. It mainly includes: the mounds worship the sky; Pray for the valley, the big pheasant, the famous hall; sacrifice to the Five Emperors; Sacrifice to the sun, moon and stars.

2. Shrine site. Mainly include: square hill sacrifice ground, four mountains and rivers; Feng Zen; Worship the god of the shrine.

3. Worship at the temple.

4. Other sacrifices. There are mainly sacrifices to bring emperors and kings; worship the ancestors and teachers; Originating from the field and enjoying the gift of the ancestors, pro-mulberry and enjoying the gifts of the silkworms; Enjoy the worship of the first doctor, Gao Yu (the gift of praying for the child); Wax offerings, etc.

2. Jiali

Jiali is a etiquette for harmonious interpersonal relations, communication, and contact feelings. "Zhou Li" said that the Jiali is used to be close to the people, and the main contents are, the gift of eating, the gift of the wedding crown, the gift of the guest shooting, the gift of the swallow, the gift of the sacrificial meat, the gift of the temple sacrificial meat, and the gift of celebration.

3. Guest courtesy

A courtesy is the etiquette of receiving guests. "Zhou Li, Chunguan, and Dazongbo" said: Pro-state with guest courtesy, here we talk about the etiquette between the Son of Heaven and the princes and the vassal states. The courtesy includes:

In the spring, it is said that the dynasty is seen, the summer is said to be relatives, the autumn is seen in the moon, the east is said to meet, the time is seen (there is something to meet), the Yin see (the princes gather together) is said to be the same, the time is hired (there is something to send an envoy to ask and visit) is said, and Yin Yu (the envoy of many countries is hired at the same time) is said.

Specifically, it roughly includes: the ceremony of pilgrimage, the ceremony of meeting (meeting), the ceremony of the princes to be hired by the Son of Heaven, the ceremony of the princes sending envoys to hand over the appointment, and the ceremony of meeting each other.

Fourth, military salute

The military salute is the salute of the division and brigade and the conquest. "Zhou Li, Chunguan, and Da Zongbo" said: With military salute with the state, here it is about using military salute to make those rebellious and unruly princes obey and harmonize. The military salute mentioned in the "Zhou Li" includes the following:

1. The master's gift, the use of the public, refers to the army's conquest actions;

2. The gift of Dajun, sympathy for the public, refers to the equalization of land and the collection of taxes;

3. The gift of Daejeon. Jane also designates its hunting;

4. The gift of the great service, Ren Zhong, refers to the construction and construction of civil engineering;

5. The gift of the great seal, the unity of the people, refers to the survey of the frontier and the establishment of boundary markers.

Fifth, the fierce courtesy

The fierce rite is the gift of compassion and sorrow. "Zhou Li, Chunguan, and Dazongbo" said: Mourn the worries of the country with fierce rites. The content of the murderous rites mainly includes: mourning death with funeral rites, mourning murder with desolation rites, mourning disasters with mourning rites, and mourning chaos with mourning rites.

"Zhou Li", also known as "Zhou Guan" and "Zhou Guanjing", is an ancient Chinese official and political code.

According to legend, it is an ancient book collected by Liu De, the king of the Western Han Dynasty, from the people, the ancient scholars believe that the Zhou Gong made, and the current scholars believe that it is out of the Warring States, and some people refer to it as Liu Xin's forgery at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. The annotations include Zheng Xuan's "Notes on Zhou Li" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Zhou Li Justice" by Jia Gongyan in the Tang Dynasty, and "Zhou Li Justice" by Sun Yirang in the Qing Dynasty.

The book has a total of 6 articles, including Tianguan Tsukazai, Diguan Situ, Chunguan Zongbo, Xia Guan Sima, Autumn Guan, and Winter Guan. The book uses many ancient languages, describing the official names, titles, number of members, and positions of more than 300 kinds of officials in the Zhou Dynasty, involving the field system, the military system, the school system, criminal law, rituals and many other contents. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mangju took the title of Duke of Zhou, imitating the Zhou system, and this book was regarded as a "national classic" and stood as a doctor.

Main content:

Zhou Li is a work that expresses the plan of governing the country through the official system, and the content is extremely rich. The division of labor of the six officials in the "Zhou Li" is roughly as follows: the heavenly official is in charge of the court, the local official is in charge of civil affairs, the spring official is in charge of the clan, the summer official is in charge of the military, the autumn official is in charge of punishment, and the winter official is in charge of construction, which involves all aspects of social life, which is rare in ancient documents.

The system of rituals recorded in the "Zhou Li" is the most systematic, including national ceremonies such as sacrifices, pilgrimages, feudal countries, hunting patrols, funerals, etc., as well as specific regulations such as the tripod system, the music suspension system, the chariot riding system, the clothing system, the ritual jade system, etc., as well as the records of the grade, combination, shape and degree of various ritual vessels. Many of the systems are found only in this book, and are therefore especially valuable.