What causes torticollis? What causes torticollis?

Torticollis is what we usually call crooked neck, the probability of occurrence in infants and young children is higher, it is a common surgical disease, and there are many reasons for torticollis, postural torticollis, myogenic torticollis, and bone-derived torticollis, these three reasons are more common, and parents and friends should also be vigilant.

Some parents in the process of taking care of the baby, will find that their baby's neck activities will be limited to a certain extent, the head is biased to one side, when sleeping, sitting will appear this situation, some babies will have a hard lump in the neck, from a medical point of view, this may be caused by torticollis, what is the cause of torticollis?

Clause. 1. Stanceal extrusion.

Posture extrusion mostly occurs three months after the birth of the child, and about 20% is temporary postural torticollis, the fetus in the last two or three months of the mother's body, due to the continuous increase in volume, the environment in the womb is limited, so it is easy to cause temporary neck tilt because of the posture extrusion, usually there will be no obvious neck movement restriction or fixed deformation, and the child will be born with the development of voluntary muscles, Especially after three months, when you are able to control your head muscles autonomously, the situation will improve.

Clause. 2. Myogenic torticollis.

This is the most common type of torticollis, and most children have this type of torticollis, which is caused by a contracture of one of the muscles in the neck, and if it is a right-sided contracture, then the child will deviate to the right and the chin will tilt to the left. This type of torticollis is usually easier to correct.

Clause. 3. Osteogenic torticollis.

This condition is relatively rare, generally accounts for a very small proportion, is caused by bone deformity, the base of the skull and the first and second cervical vertebrae have problems, some bone development deformities, some are combined with the primary deformation or instability of the joints, there are torticollis or neck inactivity, etc., often there will be brain stem or neck, spinal nerve damage, etc.

Torticollis may be due to congenital muscular torticollis, or bony torticollis, or torticollis due to cervical tuberculosis, or lymphadenitis of the neck. Therefore, if the patient has torticollis, it should be carried out in time.

Torticollis usually occurs in children or infants for the following reasons:

1. Congenital muscular torticollis: usually born 1-2 months old babies find a lump in the neck, and after the neck lump fades quickly, the neck muscles contracture, resulting in a crooked head gradually obvious, and surgery may be required around 1 year old**;

2. Abnormal bone development: If it is found that neck activities are obviously limited, such as flexion, extension and rotation are obviously inconsistent with normal children, and bony abnormalities are suspected, X-ray or CT needs to be evaluated;

3. Recessive torticollis: the head is crooked due to abnormal optometric eyes, which is caused by paralysis of the internal oblique or external oblique muscles;

4. Neuromuscular type: For example, cerebral palsy or neuromuscular incoordination, which will cause abnormal body posture and head and neck distortion, which can be distinguished by careful examination.

The main major ** of torticollis is unclear and may be related to contractures of the neck muscles and dysplasia of the cervical spine. Torticollis is more common in people with family history, children, etc., and can also be induced by lifestyle habits, brain diseases, trauma, etc.

First, the main **.

1. Neck muscle contracture: mainly fibrosis and contracture of one side of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, causing sternocleidomastoid muscle degeneration, birth injury or dystocia during childbirth may be the cause of sternocleidomastoid muscle ischemia, hemorrhage, hematoma organization, and muscle fibrosis.

2. Abnormal development of cervical spine: torticollis caused by abnormal development of vertebral body during cervical spine development, such as vertebral body formation disorders (hemivertebral body, wedge-shaped vertebrae), abnormal fusion of vertebral body (block vertebrae, vertebral body segmentation insufficiency), odontoid process deformity, etc.

3. Genetic factors: Since the child was born with torticollis, it may be related to the genetics of the parents.

4. Abnormal fetal position: the position of the fetus in the uterus is not correct or the uterine wall pressure is abnormal, which will compress one side of the baby's neck, and the local blood circulation in the sternocleidomastoid muscle will be blocked, resulting in ischemic fibrous contracture of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, resulting in the baby's torticollis.

2. Predisposing factors.

1. Lifestyle habits: It is more common in people who work at the desk for a long time and play with their heads bowed to their mobile phones, and the abnormal neck structure induces torticollis.

2. Brain diseases: common in encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, cerebral hemorrhage and other diseases, compression of nerves and blood vessels induces torticollis.

3. Trauma: especially in the head, neck and shoulder trauma, causing permanent damage to muscles and bones to induce torticollis.

The nature of congenital muscular torticollis is still unknown.

However, most scholars believe that abnormal intrauterine pressure or embryonic position is not the main cause of congenital muscular torticollis. The fetus is not in the right position in the uterus or is subjected to abnormal uterine wall pressure, which can compress one side of the neck, and the local blood circulation in the sternocleidomastoid muscle is obstructed, resulting in ischemic fibrosis of the muscle causing torticollis.

Dystocia and forceps use are among the causes of muscular torticollis. Because it is more common in breech births, examination of the sternocleidomastoid muscle mass does not reveal old traces of bleeding, so this view has not been conclusively confirmed.

1 5 of the children with this disease have a clear family history, so it is believed that its occurrence is related to genetics, and such children often have congenital acetabular dysplasia and other malformations.

Pathological changes] The mass in the sternocleidomastoid muscle is mainly a cord-like fibrotic muscle tissue, and the appearance of the general specimen resembles a softer fibrous scar, and the section surface is white. Microscopic observation shows that it is composed of dense fibrous tissue, muscle tissue is reduced, horizontal stria is reduced, muscle tissue disappears in severe cases, and more scar tissue appears, but there is no bleeding in the muscle. According to the proportion of muscle and fibrous tissue, it can be divided into three pathological types:

1.Muscular: predominantly muscular, with only a small amount of fibrosis of muscle tissue or fibrous tissue.

2.Mixed: Contains muscle tissue and fibrous tissue.

3.Fibrous type: mainly fibrous tissue, containing a small amount of muscle or degenerated muscle tissue.

This classification has certain guiding significance for the determination of clinical efficacy. In general, the muscle type is more effective, and the fibrous type is less effective.

Every parent should find out what the specific torticollis is, so that they can help their children deal with torticollis, and when a child suffers from torticollis, parents must not be nervous, and take torticollis patients to the hospital as soon as possible, so as to protect torticollis patients.

Torticollis may be due to reed-borne factors, local trauma, or poor posture.

3. Poor posture: Some patients will get sick due to poor posture, for example, if the patient's head is tilted to one side and remains still for a long time, it may lead to postural torticollis.

It is recommended to go to the orthopedic department of a regular hospital for surgery as soon as possible**.

Torticollis can be divided into congenital muscular torticollis and congenital bony torticollis. The former is a congenital neck deformity caused by the contracture of the sternocleidomastoid shield on one side, which is quite common; The latter is torticollis due to deformity of cervical spine bone development and is less common. It is recommended that you go to the hospital for examination**, you can have surgical files, non-surgical and conservative**.

Pediatric torticollis, medically called congenital muscle torticollis is a fibrous contracture of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on one side, and the neck is oblique deformity to one side.

**Mainly due to birth trauma, breech presentation, etc., in addition to intrauterine and intrauterine infections, heredity and muscle necrosis caused by arteriovenous embolism. The sooner the disease**, the better the effect. External treatment is used in infancy, and most of the results are satisfactory.

With increasing age, surgery may be used if non-surgical ** is ineffective**. However, if you are over 12 years old, surgery can correct the deformity, but it is difficult for the facial deformity to return to normal completely.

Spastic torticollis belongs to a class of cervical dystonia, which is the specific embodiment of generalized dystonia in the neck, mainly referring to the involuntary deviation of the neck caused by muscle tension and spasticity. Spastic torticollis may be related to degeneration of the nerve nucleus and psychological factors, and patients mainly present with symptoms such as abnormal neck posture when communicating with people.

Torticollis is divided into four manifestations according to the clinical type, and the specific clinical symptoms are as follows:

1. Rotation type: the head is tilted to one side, stiff and difficult to correct;

2. Side crooked type: the neck is crooked to one side, which is difficult to correct;

3. Backward type: it is difficult to bow the head;

4. Forward bending type: it is difficult to raise the head.

Spastic torticollis can be roughly divided into the above four basic types, but the fact is that there are various manifestations in clinical practice. Mental stress and insomnia can easily lead to aggravation of symptoms, and abnormal posture can disappear during insomnia, and spasmodic torticollis gradually appears after waking up in the morning. and Sun.

Typical symptoms. 1.After birth, the mother may notice that the baby's head is tilted toward the affected side, the face is rotated to the unaffected side, and the chin is directed toward the unaffected shoulder.

2 Torticollis deformity is more pronounced after 3 weeks. Turning the head to the unaffected side is clearly limited and should be detected by careful observation in milder symptoms. This symptom worsens as the child grows and develops.

2.A palpable neck mass is usually palpable within 2 weeks after birth and is located in the middle and lower sternocleidomastoid muscles, and is more common on the right side. This mass is fusiformal, nontender, and generally reaches its maximum after 1 to 2 months, and then gradually shrinks to complete disappearance, and some of these children argue that the lump does not disappear and produces muscle fibrosis and contractures causing torticollis deformity.

3.Congenital muscular torticollis is not effective in the early stages**, and facial deformities appear after 2 years of age. The main manifestations are facial asymmetry, the distance from the outer corner of the eye to the mouth corner of the mouth is asymmetrical, the distance between the affected side is shortened, and the unaffected side is increased.

The position of the eye on the affected side is lowered, and the eyes are not on the same level, which is prone to visual fatigue and vision loss. The face on the unaffected side is round and full, while the affected side is narrow and flat. Cervical spine can.

Basis for diagnosis. The clinical symptoms are mainly torticollis deformity, neck mass, facial deformity, combined with X-ray examination and ultrasonography, can assist in diagnosis, CT examination can provide clearer images, conducive to diagnosis, exclude organic lesions.

Main**. 1.Congenital Most scholars believe that abnormal intrauterine pressure or embryonic fetal position is the main cause of congenital muscular torticollis.

2.Acquired is mainly caused by various causes of central nervous system damage, causing extravertebral movement disorders. It may also be caused by mental and psychological factors.

Torticollis, sometimes colloquially referred to as a "crooked neck," is more common in children. Congenital torticollis, usually with the head tilted to one side and the chin turned to the opposite side, with a lump in the neck on the side of the head tilted and facial asymmetry.

1. The cause of torticollis.

Torticollis, mostly congenital, that is, present at birth, is not yet known as congenital torticollis, but it may be genetic.

Of course, some torticollis may also be caused by other causes, such as neck injuries in babies during childbirth, adverse drug reactions, muscle strains, hematomas in the neck muscles, abnormal thickening of tissues, sternocleidomastoid muscle contractures, Klippel-Fell syndrome (cervical fusion, short neck, low hairline), atlanto-occipital fusion, etc.

PS: The main symptoms of torticollis caused by the disease are pain, difficulty moving the head and neck, vomiting, paleness, irritability or drowsiness, poor coordination, etc.

2. Daily care of torticollis.

Congenital torticollis can sometimes heal on its own, but not every child can get better on their own. In order to avoid asymmetrical symptoms on both sides of the child's face, parents can carry out stretching and osmotic therapy at home under the correct guidance of the doctor.

For other causes of torticollis, such as infection, use medications** to relieve pain (analgesics), relax tight muscles (Botox injections) or fight against old age, and then wear a neck brace, etc.; If torticollis is due to a birth injury, methods include rotating the head and stretching the neck.

PS: All of the above ** require the participation of doctors to do it.

Spasmodic torticollis, also known as neuropathic torticollis, is a relatively rare neurological disease, the incidence is not high, about 100,000 9, that is, about 9 out of 100,000 people are spasmodic torticollis patients, although the incidence of this disease is not high, but for China's huge population base, the number of patients is really not a few.

Spasmodic torticollis does not affect daily life and work much in the early stage, and is mostly manifested as occasional neck tilt to one side, which does not last, but as time goes by, the condition will become more and more serious, from the beginning does not affect daily life and work, and can develop to the later stage of life can not take care of themselves, this onset period is only a few years, some only a few months, different people. Because the speed of development of this disease is related to personal emotional factors, when your emotions have been in an unstable state, especially in a negative state, the development of the disease will be very rapid, the situation will become worse and worse, as soon as the disease deteriorates, the patient's emotions will be more intense, forming a vicious circle, so the most important thing is to maintain a good attitude after having spasmodic torticollis.

Mindset can not only control the development rate of spasmodic torticollis, but also control the complications caused by spastic torticollis, such as depression and autism. It can be said that as long as the spastic torticollis is grasped and treated with an equal mentality, the spasmodic torticollis is almost half better. However, the harm of spasmodic torticollis can still not be underestimated, and spastic torticollis that has not been effectively treated for a long time can be accompanied by deformities, such as cervical vertebrae deformity; There will also be visual impairment, due to torticollis causing both eyes not to be at the same level, which is easy to cause visual fatigue and affect vision; Cervical scoliosis is mainly caused by the rotation of the head and neck to the unaffected side, thus causing compensatory scoliosis to the unaffected side; The eye on the affected side descends, and due to the contracture of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the patient's eye position shifts from the original horizontal shape to the downward; There can also be bilateral facial deformation, due to the rotation of the head that causes the size of the bilateral side holes to be different, resulting in the phenomenon of facial deformation, which is often referred to as the size of the face.