An overview of the economic development of the contemporary advanced capitalist countries

Use the knowledge of political economy, use the method of class analysis, use the viewpoint of historical materialism, and use scientific thinking (dialectical thinking or thinking, historical thinking, innovative thinking, etc.) to understand.

Answer]: 1 A relatively mature market economy and a sound market system.

The market economies of the developed capitalist countries are relatively mature. A sound market system is the most important link in a developed market economy. With the help of market exchange relations, this system relies on market mechanisms such as supply and demand, competition, and self-regulation to organize social and economic operations and regulate the allocation of social resources.

2 The state intervenes in the economy through macroeconomic regulation.

From the perspective of its macroeconomic control goals, the pursuit of "fairness and efficiency" is the starting point of macroeconomic regulation and control in various countries. Its specific goals include: full employment, price stability, sustained economic growth, social concession equality, and balance of payments.

Judging from the means of macroeconomic regulation and control, the developed countries generally use direct administrative intervention cautiously when achieving their macroeconomic management objectives, but on the basis of respecting the autonomy of enterprises and giving full play to the market mechanism, they use various means of macroeconomic regulation and control to promote coordinated economic development in a "favorable manner." Commonly used regulatory instruments include fiscal policy, monetary policy, industrial policy, the use of planning guidance and regulation, and the use of economic legislation for regulation.

3 Science and technology and productive forces are highly developed.

The previous scientific and technological revolutions have mainly taken place in developed capitalist countries, and their science and technology represent the most advanced level in the world. The advanced capitalist countries have long since completed industrialization, production has reached a very large scale, and the productive forces have developed rapidly.

4. Advanced industrial structure.

After the war, the industrial structure of the developed capitalist countries underwent a marked change: the proportion of the primary industry continued to decline, the proportion of the secondary industry expanded in the 50s and 60s of the 20th century, and tended to stabilize or decline after the mid-70s of the 20th century, while the proportion of the tertiary industry continued to expand.

The essence of the economic relationship between developed and developing countries is the relationship between control and counter-control, exploitation and anti-exploitation, which is mainly manifested in the fields of production, technology, investment, etc.

1) The control and exploitation of developing countries by developed countries in the field of production.

On the one hand, in the process of economic globalization, the developed countries have incorporated the developing countries into their national economic systems, so that the developing countries have to rely on the developed countries. On the other hand, the developed countries have taken advantage of their own advantages to rapidly develop high-value-added high-tech industries, and these industries have become the main way for them to participate in the new international division of labor, and have also become new economic growth points for the developed countries to obtain high profits.

2) The control of developed countries over developing countries in the field of technology and the recording of ljrtll. Technology is an important force to promote the development of productive forces, is the basis for improving the country's economic strength, although economic globalization has brought opportunities for developing countries to speed up technological progress, but because the developed countries occupy a monopoly position in global technology, developing countries in the acquisition of some technical equipment at the same time, but also easy to produce dependence on developed countries.

3) The control and exploitation of developing countries by developed countries in the field of **. The advanced capitalist countries, taking advantage of their advantageous position in the international arena and their advanced level of productive forces, can control and exploit the developing countries through unequal exchange and equivalent exchange. and (4) the control and exploitation of developing countries by developed countries in the field of investment.

In order to develop their economies in a difficult situation, they must import a large amount of capital from developed countries, but while the developing countries have already obtained capital, they have gradually deepened the control and exploitation of developing countries by developed countries.

Monopoly capitalism at this stage.

The stages of development of capitalism are divided into two stages: free competition capitalism and monopoly capitalism.

1) The historical trend of free competitive capitalism.

Free competition leads to the concentration of production and capital. (Accumulation and concentration of capital expands in scale, constant concentration, development of the credit system - joint-stock companies, conglomerates, bipolar enterprises in the economic crisis - promotes production and concentration of capital).

2) The concentration of production and capital will inevitably produce monopoly at a certain stage.

The production or circulation of a large sector is controlled by one or a few large enterprises, and it is difficult for small enterprises to compete, and a small number of large enterprises are evenly matched, reaching an agreement to form a monopoly and enjoy the high profits brought by the monopoly. In this way, a monopoly arises).

When monopoly becomes a relatively common phenomenon in economic life, capitalism will develop from the stage of free competition to the stage of monopoly.

The stage of state monopoly capitalism.