Why does Jiangnan have such architectural features?

Jiangnan refers to the coastal provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Due to the variety of topography, a variety of folk houses have been formed. Jiangnan dwellings have the characteristics of water towns, and due to the vertical and horizontal water network, the general dwellings are built according to the water, mainly according to the convenience of life.

Street view, river view, house view, all into one,"Small bridges and flowing water", unique, and authored"Heaven said", but also the cradle of celebrities, which is desirable and sighing.

Jiangnan residential construction is very auspicious, from the selection of land, the selection of materials, the selection of the day, the columns, the beam to the completion celebration are carried out in accordance with a set of traditional ways, not sloppy at all, and many procedures are very lively. Jiangnan is a place with a lot of water, so the buildings there are generally built by the river, and the river crosses the ancient town. The buildings there are beautiful and elegant, mostly made of wood, but also made of large square stones.

Most of the houses are two-storey and connected. The alleys are narrow, only about a meter wide, but the waterways are very well developed. The characteristics of the home are even more special, first enter the gate, the door stall of the gate is very high, and there are two small stone sculptures on both sides.

After entering the main door, you have to walk for a while to enter the hall, which has a square table in front of it and a row of leans on either side. They are generally built where there is water, and the houses are mostly made of wood.

Walking into the ancient town and strolling along the stone path on the shore, you can often see bamboo poles sticking out of the windows and leaning on the tiles of another house. When night falls, the shops are well opened, the streets are silent, the narrow alleys, the dim street lamps, and the town is quiet in front of you. People's living habits are also very regular, orderly, in addition to the daily work, sometimes the residents also maintain the habit of fishing, in a small river can see the fishermen driving the back of the boat, at night, the fishermen have come back one after another, put the boats together, light a little fishing fire, then the fishing fire, the tower lamp and the stars are integrated, people are difficult to identify.

The small bridge is one of the architectural styles of Jiangnan, which has rich cultural connotations and reflects the culture of Jiangnan. There are rivers and roads in the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and there must be bridges, as the saying goes:"Small bridges and flowing water", in order to reflect a cultural charm, is the prosperity of nature.

Each time you pass through a bridge hole, you will show a view; Every time you go to a bridge, there will be a different artistic conception. The shape, size, structure and environment of the bridge are not different, but they represent different cultural atmospheres and different cultural landscapes, and from different angles, they constitute a wonderful picture"Small bridges and flowing water"Painting of water town customs.

Jiangnan is not only beautiful in scenery, but also more beautiful in cultural scenery, and the reason why Jiangnan is considered to be a beautiful mirror land has a lot to do with its people. People have built their own homes with their own hands, and here they make good use of every cent of resources to make Jiangnan more beautiful. Whenever there are tourists to visit, they are warmly treated, so that the tourists leave a good image of Jiangnan, which makes Jiangnan have a little more charm.

Because this is not Jiangbei.

1. Jiangnan cultural characteristics:

1. The mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River are beautiful, the climate is warm, and there are many waters, and human nature is generally more beautiful and wise, which is conducive to art.

2. In the process of conquering rivers and oceans for a long time, the residents of Jiangnan have developed a resolute character and formed an open-minded, heroic and courageous temperament.

3. Jiangnan culture has outstanding characteristics of advocating literature, and the society generally advocates culture and education, and attaches importance to culture and education.

4. Jiangnan culture has the characteristics of openness and inclusiveness.

2. Topographical features:

The most obvious feature of the topography of the Jiangnan region is that it is hilly, plain and watery. Jiangnan is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain, Jiangnan hills, the topography is high in the south and low in the north, the terrain in the north is flat, mainly plains and hills, and there are some mountains in the south; In addition to abundant precipitation, the Jiangnan region is also home to two major water systems, the Yangtze River and the Qiantang River, which are connected to each other by canals.

Suzhou and Hangzhou are the most representative of the dwellings in the water towns of the south of the Yangtze River, and the walls on the periphery of the houses are tall and rugged, because most of the houses in the south are high two-story buildings. In addition, the houses in the south are often connected, and the wind and fire wall in the middle is separated for fire prevention considerations, and the area of the courtyard is not large, coupled with the tall buildings, so that the lighting vent in the house - the patio is extraordinarily high.

The humid climate of Jiangnan makes ventilation particularly important, so houses in Jiangnan often leave a gap of no more than 1 meter between the building and the wall to draw up the air and light, which is quite effective.

Jiangnan dwellings, large residences generally pass through the sedan hall, living room, main room to the inner room or back room from the gate, and there are flower halls, study rooms, bedrooms and small gardens and theaters on both sides. In general, a large dwelling can have two or three parallel axes.

However, regardless of the size of the building, the Jiangnan dwellings reflect a clear difference from the northern dwellings, that is, the carvings and decorations are extremely numerous, but there are few color paintings, the walls are made of white tiles and gray gray, and the wood is brown-black or brown-red. It is very light compared to the brilliant colors of the north.

The typical feature of Jiangnan architecture is the blue brick and white wall, which gives people a rustic and fresh feeling. I.M. Pei's masterpiece, the Suzhou Museum, is a typical example of applying this style to modern architecture, where you can be calm and distant, and let people forget the hustle and bustle of the city. The following is an introduction to the main content of the characteristics of Jiangnan architectural style brought by Zhongda Consulting for reference.

There is also a very typical Jiangnan building.

The Hui-style house is mostly in the form of multi-courtyard type living (small slippery ones are mostly three-courtyard type), generally sitting in the north and facing south, leaning on the mountain and facing the water, and emphasizing the value of feng shui. The layout is symmetrically divided by the central axis, with three rooms wide, the hall in the middle, the rooms on both sides, and the courtyard in front of the hall, with lighting and ventilation, and the courtyards are set together, creating a deep and self-sufficient family living space.

The appearance of the dwelling is very holistic and beautiful, the high wall is closed, the horse's head is warped, the wall line is scattered, the black tile and white wall, the color is elegant and generous.

In terms of decoration, the beauty of the "three carvings" of Huizhou residence is breathtaking, the blue brick door cover, the stone carving window leakage, the wood carved pillar and the building are integrated, so that the building is exquisite and poetic, which can be called a major feature of the Huizhou-style residence.

The ancestral hall and the archway of Huizhou are also quite heavy in the Hui-style building: the ancestral hall has the general ancestral hall, the branch ancestral hall is divided, the general scale is relatively large, it is formed by the mountain gate, the enjoyment hall, the dormitory and so on, the beam frame is majestic, the "three carvings" are wonderful, magnificent. The memorial arch is mainly stone, there are four pillars and five floors, four pillars cupola type, eight pillars type, carefully let the year mouth word form and so on, the shape is elegant, scattered in the towns and villages, is an important part of the ancient Huizhou cultural landscape.

Jiangnan architecture is an important part of traditional Chinese architecture, Jiangsu and Zhejiang water towns pay attention to the front street and back river, but whether it is the south or the north of the Chinese, the common feature of their traditional houses is to sit in the north and face south, pay attention to the internal lighting; Wooden beams are used to bear loads, and bricks, stones, and earth are used to build parapets; Centered on the hall house, it is known for its carved beams and decorative roofs and cornices.

Compared with the northern architecture of Xu Luyun, the architecture of Jiangnan is more agile and beautiful, and its soft Jiangnan architectural style is very distinctive, but it is necessary to use some dynamic forms to better present these characteristics. At this stage, most of the infiltration forms in our country are flat models, which are relatively old, and Japanese aesthetic education has spent a lot of effort in choosing the form of infiltration, making full use of some modeling games (playing sand, makeup, sculpture, etc.), painting three-dimensional, making ornamental works, etc., which has largely innovated the infiltration form of culture with Zhensui, and is very worthy of reference in the process of infiltration of China's Jiangnan architectural style.

In addition, in terms of the scope of infiltration, China's art education is mainly aimed at the classroom and the professors of related majors, resulting in a situation where the teacher teaches and the students learn what they teach, and the scope of penetration is relatively narrow; In Germany, art is integrated into life, which can be reflected in the streets and alleys, home decoration, etc., and they hold some architectural exhibitions, hold some special lectures, and so on, to achieve the purpose of expanding the scope of architectural style penetration.

China's Jiangnan architectural style itself is derived from the life of the people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, how to expand the penetration of this style in art education, it is worth our deep thought.

There are various forms of architecture in the south of the Yangtze River, there are horse-head walls that are higher than the eaves, deep alleys with twists and turns, pavilions and courtyards with straight edges and corners, and the buildings are mainly built by the water, which is often known as the "Venice of the East".

The layout of the Jiangnan dwellings is roughly the same as that of the courtyard houses in the north, but the general layout is compact, and the courtyard covers a small area, so as to adapt to the characteristics of the local population density and the requirement to occupy less farmland.

The door of the residence is mostly open on the central axis, the main house facing is the hall, and the back yard is often built with two floors.

The small courtyard enclosed by quadrangle houses is commonly known as a patio, which is only used for lighting and drainage.

Because the rainwater from the inner slope of the roof flows into the patio from all sides, this residential layout is commonly known as the four water mills and empty return to the church.

Characteristics of Jiangnan Water Town Houses:

Suzhou and Hangzhou are the most representative of the dwellings in the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and the scale and layout of the residences in the south of the Yangtze River are also very distinctive. The characteristic of the house is that it sits in the north and faces south, and pays attention to the internal lighting. Wooden beams are used to bear loads, and bricks, stones, and earth are used to build parapets;

Centered on the hall house, it is known for its carved beams and decorative roofs and cornices. The walls on the perimeter of the dwellings are tall and rugged, as the houses in the south are mostly higher two-story buildings.

In addition, the southern houses are often connected, and the wind and fire wall in the middle is separated for the sake of fire prevention, and the area of the courtyard is not large, coupled with the high buildings, so that the lighting and ventilation vents in the house and the patio appear to be extraordinarily high. The layout is roughly the same as that of the courtyard houses in the north, but the general layout is compact, and the courtyard occupies a small area of stuffy land, so as to adapt to the characteristics of the local population density and the requirement to occupy less farmland. <>

1. The general layout of Jiangnan dwellings is roughly the same as that of the courtyard houses in the north, but the general layout is compact, and the courtyard covers a small area, so as to adapt to the characteristics of the local population density and the requirement of less farmland;

2. The roof of Jiangnan residential houses has a large slope to facilitate the discharge of rainwater; The walls of the house are tall to facilitate ventilation and heat dissipation. The roof slope of the northern houses is small, and even the roofs are flat-roofed; sit north and face south to facilitate the light; The walls of the house are thick to facilitate wind protection and insulation;

3. The courtyard wall connected to Peituan Prefecture between the basic buildings of Jiang or Gannan residents is enclosed into a closed courtyard, which is to adapt to the topography, make full use of the space layout, be flexible and beautiful, and use materials reasonably;

4. The free partition beams of Jiangnan dwellings only use a small number of chestnut, brown, gray and other colors to paint the houses.